白英中的倍半萜类化合物

采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备薄层等方法对白英中的倍半萜进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构,发现并鉴定了10个倍半萜,分别为1β-羟基-1,2-二氢-α-山道年（1）,boscialin（2）,布卢门醇C（3）,3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one（4）,去氢催吐萝芙木醇（5）,布卢门醇 A（6）,（1'S,2R,5S,10R）-2-（1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl）-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one（7）,（1'R,2R,5S,10R）-2-（1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl）-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one（8）,2-（1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl）-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one（9）,蚱蜢酮（10）。10个倍半萜均为首次从白英中发现。     

合欢花乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

该文对合欢Albizzia julibrissin干燥花序的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行化学成分研究,采用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,MCI GEL CHP-20P等柱色谱技术分离纯化,利用波谱数据 （¹H,¹³C-NMR,MS） 进行结构鉴定,共分离和鉴定29个化合物,分别为8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2E,6Z-octadienoic acid （1）,8-O-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-2E,6Z-octadienoic acid （1a）,8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2E,6E-octadienoic acid （2）,8-O-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-2E,6E-octadienoic acid （2a）,（2E,6S）-2,6-二甲基-6-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-2,7-辛二烯酸 （3）,clovan-2β,9α-diol （4）,2β-O-formyl-clovan-9α-ol （4a）,2β,9α-O-diformyl-clovan （4b）,吐叶醇 （5）,（6S,9R）-roseoside （6）,香草醛 （7）,4-O-乙基没食子酸 （8）,3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸 （9）,对-羟基苯甲醛 （10）,没食子酸 （11）,原儿茶酸 （12）,硬脂酸 （13）,软脂酸 （14）,2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate （15）,亚油酸 （16）,东莨菪内酯 （17）,3-吲哚甲醛 （18）,2-呋喃甲酸 （19）,5-羟甲基糠醛 （20）,（22E,24R）-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol （21）,（22E,24R）-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β-ol （22）,（+）-lariciresinol 9’-stearate （23）,芒柄花素 （24） 和尿苷 （25）。其中,化合物 1a,2a,4a,4b 为分离过程中产生新的人工产物,其他25个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

黑骨藤中神经酰胺类化学成分

目的: 研究黑骨藤化学成分. 方法: 采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法等进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和质谱、一维、二维核磁共振等波谱方法分析鉴定其化学结构. 结果: 从黑骨藤中分离鉴定了2个神经酰胺类化合物,分别为1-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(2S, 3S, 4R, 10E)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烷-3, 4-二醇(1),(2S, 3S, 4R, 10E)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烷-1, 3, 4-三醇(2). 结论: 所有化合物均首次从黑骨藤中分离得到,采用二维核磁技术确定化合物2的结构,并对其二维谱数据进行归属.     

蒙药长松萝的化学成分研究

目的: 研究长松萝的化学成分。 方法: 用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化, 根据理化性质、光谱数据以及结合文献报道的波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。 结果: 分离得到10个化合物, 分别鉴定为(4aR,9bS)-2,6-二乙酰基-3,4a,7,9-四羟基-8,9b-二甲基-1-氧代-1,4,4a,9b-四氢二苯骈呋喃酮(1), (+)-松萝酸(2),苔黑酚(3),18R-hydroxydihydroalloprotolichensterinic acid(4),3β-羟基-5α,8α-桥二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯(5), 扁枝衣酸乙酯(6),阿拉伯糖醇(7), 芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(8), 3-羟基-5-O-甲基-2-甲基苯甲酸(9),木栓酮(10)。 结论: 化合物1为新化合物,化合物8为首次从松萝属地衣分离得到,化合物3,4,7为首次从长松萝中分离得到。     

双花千里光中一个新的艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜

利用多种色谱技术对藏药双花千里光Senecio dianthus地上部分95%乙醇浸提物进行分离纯化,共得到5个化合物,根据理化数据和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构分别为:艾里莫芬-9(10),7(11)-二烯-8-酮-12-羧酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,命名为双花千里光苷A(1),5,7,4'-三羟基-黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),金丝桃苷(4),芦丁(5).其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2,4,5 均为首次从双花千里光中分离得到.     

沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分及其胃保护活性

目的 研究沉香Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum的2-（2-苯乙基）色酮类成分及其胃黏膜上皮细胞保护活性。方法 采用硅胶和ODS等多种色谱技术对沉香中2-（2-苯乙基）色酮进行分离纯化,结合波谱数据及其理化性质对化合物进行结构鉴定;采用牛磺胆酸诱导人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1损伤模型对分离得到的单体化合物进行胃黏膜保护活性筛选。结果 从沉香醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为（5R,6S,7S）-5,6,7-三羟基-2-苯乙基-5,6,7,8-四氢-4H-色烯-4-酮（1）、（6S,7S,8S）-6,7,8-三羟基-2-（3-羟基-4-甲氧基）-5,6,7,8-四氢-4H-色烯-4-酮（2）、oxidoagarochromone C（3）、rel-（1αR,2R,3R,7βR）-1α,2,3,7β-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-5-[2-（4-methoxyphenyl） ethyl]-7H-oxireno[f] [1]benzopyran-7-one（4）、沉香色酮J（5）。化合物3～5 在20 μmol/L浓度时,相对模型组细胞存活率分别提高（27.17±4.38）%、（16.02±2.95）%和（14.84±2.86）%。结论 化合物1 为新化合物,命名为四氢色酮N,通过计算电子圆二色谱（electronic circular dichroism,ECD）确定了其绝对构型。化合物3～5 能显著改善牛磺胆酸诱导的人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1损伤,表现出一定的胃黏膜上皮细胞保护活性。     

中缅八角化学成分研究

通过采用正相硅胶色谱,葡聚糖凝胶LH-20,Rp-C₁₈色谱,制备薄层色谱和半制备HPLC等多种分离方法,运用波谱方法对所分离的化合物进行鉴定,从中缅八角Illicium burmanicum中分离得到14个化合物;经波谱解析鉴定为7S,8R-赤式-4,7,9,9’-四羟基-3,3’-二甲氧基-8-O-4’-新木脂素（1）,7R,8R-苏式-4,7,9,9’-四羟基-3,3’-二甲氧基-8-O-4’-新木脂素（2）,polystachyol（3）,（－）-马尾松树脂醇（4）,angustanoic acid F（5）,反式水合蒎醇（6）,（3S,6R）-6,7-二羟基-6,7-二氢芳樟醇（7）,（3S,6S）-6,7-二羟基-6,7-二氢芳樟醇（8）,2,6-二甲氧基-4-烯丙基苯酚（9）,3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛（10）,3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛（11）,香草酸甲酯（12）,莽草酸乙酯（13）和β-谷甾醇（14）。除化合物 14 外,以上所有化合物均为首次从中缅八角中分离得到。     

川西合耳菊中1个新的艾里莫芬烷倍半萜

目的 研究川西合耳菊Synotis solidaginea的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、聚酰胺、反相C₁₈柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化;根据波谱数据和文献对比进行化合物结构鉴定。结果 从川西合耳菊的醋酸乙酯萃取部位共分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为 (2R,4S,5R,8R,10S)-2-angeloyloxy-8,10-dihydroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en-8,12-olide（1）、(1R,4S,5S, 6S,8R,10S)-1,10-epoxy-6,8-dihydroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en-8,12-olide（2）、(4S,5R,8S,10S)-8,10-dihydroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en- 8,12-olide（3）、(4S,5R,8R,10S)-10-hydroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en-8,12-olide（4）、橐吾内酯（5）、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯（6）、异绿原酸C（7）、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯（8）、异绿原酸A（9）、1,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯（10）、绿原酸（11）、咖啡酰苹果酸（12）、咖啡酸甲酯（13）、反式咖啡酸（14）、山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（15）、紫云英苷（16）、2-苯乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（17）、桦褐孔菌二糖（18）。结论 化合物1为新的艾里莫芬烷倍半萜类化合物,命名为川西合耳菊内酯A;化合物2、4、5、10、12、13、15、17、18为首次从合耳菊属中分离得到。     

刺萼龙葵化学成分研究

对刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum地上部分的化学成分进行研究。采用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS柱色谱及半制备HPLC等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。从刺萼龙葵地上部分分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷（1）,hypoglaucin H（2）,金丝桃苷（3）,异槲皮苷（4）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷（5）,山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）,smilaxchinoside A（7）,26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,20α,26-三醇-25（R）-Δ^5,22-二烯-呋甾-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→4）]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）,β-谷甾醇（9）,胡萝卜苷（10）,其中化合物 7 和 8 为首次从茄属植物中分离得到,其余8个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

草豆蔻中一个新的二氢黄酮及其对PC12细胞的神经保护作用

该文对草豆蔻Alpinia katsumadai中的黄酮类化学成分进行了研究。通过硅胶,Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱和制备液相等多种色谱方法,从草豆蔻95%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个黄酮类化合物。根据理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为（2R, 3S）-pinobanksin-3-cinnamate（1）、乔松素（2）、短叶松素（3）、3-O-乙酰基短叶松素（4）、高良姜素（5）、华良姜素（6）、山柰酚-3-甲醚（7）。其中化合物1为新化合物,其他6个为已知化合物。药理活性研究表明,化合物1对皮质酮损伤的PC12细胞有很强的保护作用,其机制可能是通过清除细胞内活性氧发挥效果。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

Comparative “in vitro” evaluation of the antiresorptive activity residing in four Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Hemidesmus indicus emerges for its potential in the treatment of bone loss diseases

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Four Indian plants, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine: Asparagus racemosus Willd., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Hemidesmus indicus R. Br., and Rubia cordifolia L. were selected on the basis of their ethnobotanical use and of scientific evidence that suggests a potential efficacy in the treatment of bone-loss diseases. The antiresorptive properties of the four plants have been investigated. The aim was to provide adequate evidence for the exploitation of natural compounds as alternative therapeutics for the treatment of diseases caused by increased osteoclast activity.

Materials and methods

Decoctions were prepared from dried plant material according to the traditional procedure and standardization by HPLC was performed using marker compounds for each species. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and radical scavenging activity of the decoctions were also determined. The bioactivity of the plant decoctions was evaluated in subsequent phases. (1) A cytotoxicity screening was performed on the mouse monocytic RAW 264.7 cell line to define the concentrations that could be utilized in the following step. (2) The antiresorptive properties of plant decoctions were compared with that of a “gold standard” drug (alendronate) by measuring osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoclast apoptosis. (3) The toxic effect on bone forming cells was excluded by evaluating the impact on the proliferation of osteogenic precursors (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC).

Results

All the decoctions inhibited osteoclastogenesis similarly to alendronate at the highest doses, but Hemidesmus indicus and Rubia cordifolia were also effective at lower concentrations. Apoptosis increased significantly when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of Emblica officinalis, Hemidesmus indicus, and Rubia cordifolia. All concentrations of Emblica officinalis tested inhibited the proliferation of osteogenic precursors, while only the highest doses of Asparagus racemosus and Rubia cordifolia were toxic. On the contrary, Hemidesmus indicus did not affect osteogenic precursor growth at any concentration tested.

Conclusion

Among the medicinal plants included in the study, Hemidesmus indicus showed the greatest antiosteoclastic activity without toxic effect on osteogenic precursors. Therefore, Hemidesmus indicus exhibits the properties of an antiresorptive drug and represents the ideal candidate for further clinical investigations.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.