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1.
Evaluation of the rapid CORYNE identification system for Corynebacterium species and other coryneforms.
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S E Gavin R B Leonard A M Briselden M B Coyle 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1992,30(7):1692-1695
The Rapid CORYNE system for identification of aerobic, nonsporeforming, gram-positive rods was evaluated according to the manufacturer's instructions with 177 organisms. After inoculation with a heavy suspension of growth, strips containing 20 cupules were incubated for 24 h, reagents were added, and the results of 21 biochemical reactions were recorded as numerical profiles. The strains consisted of pathogenic species of the genus Corynebacterium, primarily C. diphtheriae (n = 29), opportunistic species of Corynebacterium including C. jeikeium (n = 75), recognized species of non-corynebacteria such as Gardnerella and Arcanobacterium (n = 51), and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) coryneform groups (n = 22). Results from single tests read after 24 h yielded correct identifications to species level with no additional tests for 26 (89.7%) of the pathogenic species; 64 (85.3%) of the opportunistic organisms; 51 (100%) of the non-corynebacteria, and 8 (36.4%) of the CDC coryneform groups. Supplemental tests produced the correct identification for three additional pathogenic isolates (100% total) and four additional isolates from the opportunistic species (90.6% total). Twelve of the 15 isolates not identified by the system were in the CDC coryneform groups. Four of the six misidentified and one of the unidentified isolates were C. matruchotii, which was not included in the data base. The system is an excellent rapid alternative to conventional biochemical tests. 相似文献
2.
Identification of Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria with the MicroScan Haemophilus-Neisseria identification panel. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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The Haemophilus-Neisseria identification (HNID) panel (American MicroScan, Sacramento, Calif.) is a 4-h microdilution format system for identification of Haemophilus and Neisseria spp., Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis, and Gardnerella vaginalis. The HNID panel was evaluated by using 423 clinical isolates and stock strains of these organisms, and HNID identifications were compared with those obtained by conventional methods. In addition, 32 isolates representing six genera not included in the HNID data base were tested to determine whether these organisms would produce unique biotype numbers for possible inclusion in the data base. The HNID panel correctly identified 95.3% of 86 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, 96% of 25 G. vaginalis strains, and 100% of 28 Neisseria lactamica strains and 48 B. catarrhalis strains. Only 64.7% of 68 Neisseria meningitidis isolates were identified correctly owing to false-negative or equivocal carbohydrate and/or aminopeptidase reactions. Among the Haemophilus spp., 98.8% of 83 H. influenzae strains, 97.1% of 34 H. parainfluenzae strains, and 80% of 15 H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus strains were correctly identified. Eight strains of Neisseria cinerea, a species not included in the data base, produced profiles identical with those for B. catarrhalis and N. gonorrhoeae. Isolates of other species not included in the data base, including Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp., and Cardiobacterium hominis, produced unique biochemical reaction patterns on the panel. Modification of interpretative criteria for certain tests, expansion of the data base to include other species, and suggestions for additional confirmatory tests will increase the accuracy and utility of the HNID panel. 相似文献
3.
Identification of clinical coryneform bacterial isolates: comparison of biochemical methods and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes
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Adderson EE Boudreaux JW Cummings JR Pounds S Wilson DA Procop GW Hayden RT 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2008,46(3):921-927
We compared the relative levels of effectiveness of three commercial identification kits and three nucleic acid amplification tests for the identification of coryneform bacteria by testing 50 diverse isolates, including 12 well-characterized control strains and 38 organisms obtained from pediatric oncology patients at our institution. Between 33.3 and 75.0% of control strains were correctly identified to the species level by phenotypic systems or nucleic acid amplification assays. The most sensitive tests were the API Coryne system and amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using primers optimized for coryneform bacteria, which correctly identified 9 of 12 control isolates to the species level, and all strains with a high-confidence call were correctly identified. Organisms not correctly identified were species not included in the test kit databases or not producing a pattern of reactions included in kit databases or which could not be differentiated among several genospecies based on reaction patterns. Nucleic acid amplification assays had limited abilities to identify some bacteria to the species level, and comparison of sequence homologies was complicated by the inclusion of allele sequences obtained from uncultivated and uncharacterized strains in databases. The utility of rpoB genotyping was limited by the small number of representative gene sequences that are currently available for comparison. The correlation between identifications produced by different classification systems was poor, particularly for clinical isolates. 相似文献
4.
Dr. P. C. Appelbaum J. Stavitz M. S. Bentz L. C. von Kuster 《Medical microbiology and immunology》1981,169(3):163-168
Four commercial kits - Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT), Flow N/F (NF) were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 105 opportunistic Gram-negative non-fermentative rods. OF correctly identified 42% of strains, with 35% as part (but not first) of a spectrum of identifications (SI) and 23% incorrect identification. MT yielded 75% correct identification, with 12% SI and 13% incorrect. AP correctly identified 64% of strains, with 26% SI, 10% incorrect. NF correctly speciated 70% of strains, with 24% SI, 6% incorrect. All 4 methods show deficiencies in identification of these rare but increasingly clinically encountered organisms. Addition of new tests/modification of existing ones would render these systems more capable of identifying this organisms group. 相似文献
5.
Comparison of the Oxi/Ferm and N/F systems for identification of infrequently encountered nonfermentative and oxidase-positive fermentative bacilli.
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The N/F system (Flow Laboratories, Inc. Rockville, Md) and the Oxi/Ferm Tube, (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. Nutley, N.J.) were evaluated in parallel for identification of infrequently encountered nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and oxidase-positive, fermentative gram-negative bacilli selected from fresh clinical isolates and stock cultures. When compared with conventional media, the Flow N/F system correctly identified 97.7% (86 or 88) of all strains tested. No organisms were misidentified, but this system failed to identify two strains. Six supplemental tests were needed for the complete identification of 16 strains (18%); however, correct results were obtained within 48 h for 85% of the isolates. The Oxi/Ferm method correctly identified 87.5% of the isolates; 7% were incorrectly identified, and the method failed to identify five strains. Seventeen supplemental tests were required to identify 64 strains (73%). Complete identification within 48 h was obtained for 60% of the organisms tested. 相似文献
6.
Reevaluation of the API 20E identification system versus conventional biochemicals for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: a new look at an old product.
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The API 20E bacterial identification system has been used for 19 years, often as the standard with which other identification systems are compared. Because the accuracy of this system compared with conventional biochemical tests has not been determined in many years, we evaluated the API 20E linear strip by using 291 typical and atypical strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae taken from a culture collection. At 24 h, the API 20E correctly identified by genus and species 229 of 291 (78.7%) of the strains, using Salmonella and Shigella serotyping where indicated. At 48 h, 95.2% were correctly identified by using additional biochemical tests as recommended by the manufacturer. The API 20E misidentified eight (2.7%) strains; these strains were not limited to any particular genus. When 81 of these Enterobacteriaceae strains were arranged into a weighted assortment correlating to the frequency with which they might be found in a clinical laboratory, the API 20E correctly identified 71 (87.7%) at 24 h and 78 (96.3%) at 48 h. This evaluation concluded that the accuracy of the identification of Enterobacteriaceae strains at 24 h (78.7%) may be significantly lower than that of earlier evaluations. However, there is no significant difference in the ability of the API 20E to correctly identify "challenge" type organisms (229 of 291) versus routine hospital isolates (71 of 81) (P greater than 0.05), but the system is not as accurate as the conventional biochemical method of identification. 相似文献
7.
Multicenter evaluation of the updated and extended API (RAPID) Coryne database 2.0. 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
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In a multicenter study, 407 strains of coryneform bacteria were tested with the updated and extended API (RAPID) Coryne system with database 2.0 (bioMérieux, La-Balme-les-Grottes, France) in order to evaluate the system's capability of identifying these bacteria. The design of the system was exactly the same as for the previous API (RAPID) Coryne strip with database 1.0, i.e., the 20 biochemical reactions covered were identical, but database 2.0 included both more taxa and additional differential tests. Three hundred ninety strains tested belonged to the 49 taxa covered by database 2.0, and 17 strains belonged to taxa not covered. Overall, the system correctly identified 90.5% of the strains belonging to taxa included, with additional tests needed for correct identification for 55.1% of all strains tested. Only 5.6% of all strains were not identified, and 3.8% were misidentified. Identification problems were observed in particular for Corynebacterium coyleae, Propionibacterium acnes, and Aureobacterium spp. The numerical profiles and corresponding identification results for the taxa not covered by the new database 2.0 were also given. In comparison to the results from published previous evaluations of the API (RAPID) Coryne database 1.0, more additional tests had to be performed with version 2.0 in order to completely identify the strains. This was the result of current changes in taxonomy and to provide for organisms described since the appearance of version 1.0. We conclude that the new API (RAPID) Coryne system 2.0 is a useful tool for identifying the diverse group of coryneform bacteria encountered in the routine clinical laboratory. 相似文献
8.
Valenza G Ruoff C Vogel U Frosch M Abele-Horn M 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2007,45(11):3493-3497
VITEK 2 is an automated identification system for diverse bacterial and fungal species. A new card (the Neisseria-Haemophilus [NH] card) for the identification of Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative or gram-variable microorganisms has been developed, but its performance in a routine clinical laboratory has not yet been evaluated. In this study, a total of 188 bacterial strains belonging to the genera Actinobacillus, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Kingella, Moraxella, and Neisseria were investigated. The NH card was able to identify 171 strains (91%) correctly without the need for extra tests; one strain (0.5%) was misidentified, and five strains (2.7%) could not be classified. Eleven strains (5.8%) were identified with a low level of discrimination, and simple additional tests were required to increase the correct-identification rate to 96.8%. The results were available within 6 h. Based on these results, the new VITEK 2 NH card appears to be a good method for the identification of diverse groups of fastidious organisms, which would otherwise require testing with multiple systems. However, more work is needed to evaluate the performance of VITEK 2 with regard to Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella bacteria because of the insufficient number of strains tested in this study. Moreover, further reduction of the detection time would be desirable. 相似文献
9.
Description and evaluation of the semiautomated 4-hour rapid ID 32 Strep method for identification of streptococci and members of related genera.
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J Freney S Bland J Etienne M Desmonceaux J M Boeufgras J Fleurette 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1992,30(10):2657-2661
The rapid ID 32 Strep system (bioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France) is a new system which allows the identification in 4 h of most streptococci and members of related genera encountered in medical and veterinary bacteriology. Four hundred thirty-three isolates first identified by conventional methods and belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Aerococcus, Gemella, Leuconostoc, Erysipelothrix, Gardnerella, and Listeria were tested. Overall, rapid ID 32 Strep correctly identified 413 (95.3%) of the strains, with 109 (25.1%) requiring extra tests for complete identification. Sixteen strains (3.7%) were not identified, and 4 (1.0%) were misidentified. The rapid ID 32 Strep system is a suitable alternative for rapid identification of members of the genus Streptococcus and of related genera. 相似文献
10.
Evaluation of the MicroScan rapid neg ID3 panel for identification of Enterobacteriaceae and some common gram-negative nonfermenters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel (Dade Behring, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.) is designed for the identification of gram-negative bacilli. We evaluated its ability to accurately identify Enterobacteriaceae that are routinely encountered in a clinical laboratory and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. Using 511 stock cultures that were maintained at -70 degrees C and passaged three times before use, we inoculated panels according to the manufacturer's instructions and processed them in a Walk/Away instrument using version 22.01 software. The time to identification was 2 h and 30 min. All panel identifications were compared to reference identifications previously determined by conventional tube biochemicals. At the end of the initial 2.5-h incubation period, 405 (79.3%) identifications were correct. An additional 49 (9.6%) isolates were correctly identified after required additional off-line biochemical tests were performed. Thus, at 24 h, 88.8% of the 511 strains tested were correctly identified. Twenty-two (4.3%) were identified to the genus level only. Twenty-six (5.1%) strains were misidentified. Because the system is based on fluorogenics, there are no conventional tests readily available with which to compare possibly incorrect reactions. Of the 28 Salmonella strains that were tested, 5 were incorrectly reported. The 21 remaining errors were scattered among the genera tested. Testing on nine strains gave a result of "no identification" (very rare biotype). The Rapid Neg ID3 panel in this study approached 89% accuracy for the identification of gram-negative organisms encountered in the hospital laboratory. 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of the ATB 32 A system for identification of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
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A new miniaturized 4-h method for the identification of anaerobic bacteria, ATB 32 A (API System SA, Montalieu Vercieu, France), was evaluated against conventional methods of identification. The evaluation was done by using 260 recent clinical isolates and 21 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria. All reference strains were correctly identified and did not figure in the detailed analysis. Of the 140 gram-negative bacilli, 90.6% of Bacteroides spp. and 95.5% of Fusobacterium spp. were correctly identified to the species level, with an additional 8.4% of the Bacteroides spp. being identified to the genus level. Clostridia were correctly identified in 85.9% of cases, with an additional 9.9% being identified to the genus level. Peptostreptococci were correctly identified in 91.6% of cases. The 4 strains of Actinomyces spp. were all identified correctly, as were 10 of the 11 strains of Propionibacterium spp. A total of 3.1% of strains were not identified by ATB 32 A, while for 1.9% of strains, completely false identifications were obtained. Estimation of the individual preformed enzyme results may pose problems, although these decrease with familiarity with the system. With certain enzyme profiles, additional testing was necessary to arrive at an identification; however, there was no requirement for gas-liquid chromatography. If certain additions are made to the data base and the difficulties of determination of organisms to the species level among the non-Bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) members of the B. fragilis group can be reduced, this system holds promise as a reliable standardized alternative for the identification of anaerobic bacteria in clinical laboratories. 相似文献
12.
T. Monsen M. Rönnmark C. Olofsson J. Wiström 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1998,17(5):327-335
The aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable, and inexpensive in-house system for routine species identification of staphylococci in clinical practice. The system combines 15 key tests (including carbohydrate fermentation) performed in micro-well strips and antimicrobial disk diffusion susceptibility tests performed on standardised paper disk method antibiotic sensitivity medium agar. Twenty-eight Staphylococcal reference strains belonging to 18 different species were correctly identified using this in-house system. A total of 291 clinical staphylococci isolates were evaluated with the in-house system and a conventional identification scheme. The in-house system identified 281 (96.6%) of these 291 isolates. Eleven different species were recognised. The five species most frequently identified wereStaphylococcus epidermidis (48.6%),Staphylococcus aureus (27.8%),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (8.2%),Staphylococcus hominis (5.7%), andStaphylococcus warneri (5.3%). There was an agreement of 86.3% between the species identification obtained with the in-house system and the conventional identification scheme. All coagulase-negative isolates initially identified as species other thanStaphylococcus epidermidis as well as indistinctly identified isolates were also evaluated with a commercial identification system. The agreement between species identification obtained with the inhouse system and the commercial system for 101 identified isolates was 73%. Several isolates that were difficult to distinguish with the conventional scheme and/or the commercial system were identified with the aid of the antimicrobial susceptibility test included in the in-house system. The described test scheme should be of value for identification of clinically significant staphylococci species. 相似文献
13.
In this study, we evaluated the ability of a 4-h enzyme assay kit system, the RapID ANA method (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to accurately and reproducibly identify a spectrum of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in two separate institutions. Additional tests were performed as required. Of a total of 188 organisms tested at Hershey Medical Center (HMC), 86.2% were correctly identified to species level without additional tests, 5.9% required extra tests for correct identification, and 8.0% were misidentified. Of 53 strains tested at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH), 52.8% were correctly identified without extra tests, 28.3% required extra tests for correct identification, and 18.9% were misidentified. Of 21 organisms tested at both institutions, those tested at JHH required additional tests for correct identification in 38.1% of cases, compared with 9.5% at HMC. Misidentification rates were identical (9.5%) in both centers. Of strains tested at HMC only, 86.8% were correctly identified without extra tests, 5.4% were identified with additional tests, and 7.8% were misidentified: corresponding data for JHH were 53.1, 21.9, and 25.0%, respectively. Of 53 strains tested in triplicate at JHH, 56.7% yielded the same result on each occasion, 37.7% were identical in two of three tests, and 5.7% gave different results on each of three occasions. Discrepancies between identification rates at HMC and JHH may be explained by differences in species tested (more commonly encountered species were tested at HMC) and interpretation of reactions by the two different readers. The RapID ANA method has the potential for rapid identification of clinically isolated anaerobes; however, accuracy and reproducibility may vary as a function of the specific laboratory setting. 相似文献
14.
D. Monnet D. Lafay M. Desmonceaux J. M. Boeufgras F. Allard J. Freney 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1994,13(5):424-430
A semi-automated commercial system (ID 32 E, bioMérieux) for 24-hour identification ofEnterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative fermentative and nonfermentative bacteria encountered in diagnostic microbiology was evaluated. Overall, the system correctly identified 506 (91.5 %) of the 553 strains tested, 94 (17.0 %) strains requiring additional tests for complete identification. Six (1.1 %) strains were misidentified and 33 (6.0 %) strains were not identified. Eight (1.4 %) strains were not present in the database and were misidentified or not identified. The system is a suitable alternative to existing systems for the identification ofEnterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacteria frequently encountered in clinical samples. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of the VITEK 2 system for rapid identification of yeasts and yeast-like organisms
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The new VITEK 2 system is a fully automated system dedicated to the identification and susceptibility testing of microorganisms. In conjunction with the VITEK ID-YST card the VITEK 2 system allows the identification of clinically important yeasts and yeast-like organisms in 15 h due to a sensitive fluorescence-based technology. The ID-YST card consists of 47 biochemical reactions. The database comprises 51 taxa, including newly described species. In this study we evaluated the reliability of the VITEK ID-YST card for the identification of yeasts and yeast-like organisms encountered in a clinical microbiology laboratory. A total of 241 strains representing 21 species were studied. The strains were isolated from clinical samples within a period of 60 days prior to the identification. The tests were performed using 24-h to 55-h subcultures on Sabouraud-gentamicin-chloramphenicol agar. Each strain was tested in parallel using the ID 32C strip as a comparison method combined with microscopic morphology and an agglutination test for C. krusei. Overall, 222 strains (92.1%) were unequivocally identified including 11 isolates (4.6%) identified with low discrimination resolved by simple additional tests. Ten strains (4. 1%) for which results were given with low discrimination could not be unequivocally identified with supplemental tests, 4 strains (1. 7%) were misidentified and 5 strains (2.1%) could not be identified. In conclusion, we found that the VITEK 2 system is a rapid and accurate method for the identification of medically important yeasts and yeast-like organisms. 相似文献
16.
New test system for identification of Aerococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus species.
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A total of 244 strains of Aerococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus species were tested by the RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) for identification. Strains were identified without additional tests or with additional conventional tests suggested by the IDS compendium manual. Our data indicate that the RapID STR system identifies 89% of the beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species if serological procedures are used in conjunction with the rapid physiological procedures. Of the group D streptococci, 98% of the Enterococcus species and 100% of the group D non-Enterococcus species were correctly identified. Of the commonly occurring viridans group Streptococcus species, 93% were correctly identified, and 79% of the less frequently occurring viridans group Streptococcus species were correctly identified. All of the Streptococcus pneumoniae and Aerococcus strains tested were correctly identified. 相似文献
17.
Evaluation of the autoSCAN-W/A system for rapid (2-hour) identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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We evaluated the ability of the Baxter autoSCAN-W/A System (MicroScan Division, Baxter Diagnostics, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.) to use the rapid (2-h) gram-negative identification panel for accurate identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. At 2 h, 353 of 467 (75.6%) strains in a challenge set of biochemically typical and atypical stock cultures were correctly identified to genus and species. Another 76 (16.3%) strains were correctly identified to genus and species after the performance of recommended additional biochemical testing. Thus, at 24 h, 91.9% of the 467 strains were correctly identified. Twenty-two strains (4.7%) were identified to the correct genus but the incorrect species, and 16 strains (3.4%) were misidentified. Of these 16 strains, 9 were incorrect at 2 h, and 7 were incorrect after the additional testing. Because the system is based on fluorogenic substrates, no conventional tests were readily available with which to compare aberrant reactions. These results suggest that the autoSCAN-W/A with its rapid gram-negative panels is acceptable for the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae in a clinical microbiology laboratory. 相似文献
18.
The Enteric-Tek wheel (Flow Laboratories), consisting of 14 different biochemical parameters for rapidly identifying Enterobacteriaceae, was evaluated and compared with the conventional method for completely identifying 301 enteric cultures, representing 36 species. The Enteric-Tek system correctly identified 264 (97.8%) of the 270 common or typical strains and 26 (83.9%) of the 31 unusual or atypical strains tested, demonstrating an overall identification accuracy rate of 96.3%. There were 80 (26.6%) correctly identified strains requiring additional tests. Of the 11 (3.6%) misidentifications, 5 (3 Klebsiella and 2 Salmonella strains) were correctly identified at the genus level. When 4,228 individual tests in the Enteric-Tek wheel were compared with the conventional tubed media, 96.4% of the tests agreed; urease, citrate, adonitol, and lactose agreed less than 97%. The Enteric-Tek system was found to be reliable and accurate in producing identifications at the genus and species level within 18 to 24 h. 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of the RapID CB Plus System for Identification of Corynebacterium Species and Other Gram-Positive Rods
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Marie K. Hudspeth Sharon Hunt Gerardo Diane M. Citron Ellie J. C. Goldstein 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(2):543-547
Due to the difficulty of identifying Corynebacterium spp. with standard methods, we compared them with the RapID CB Plus system (Remel, Lenexa, Kans. [formerly Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.]), which consists of 4 carbohydrate and 14 preformed enzyme tests, for the identification of 98 clinical isolates of Corynebacterium sp., other coryneforms, Listeria monocytogenes, and 17 ATCC strains. Forty (95%) of 42 strains of Corynebacterium spp. were accurately identified to the species level by the RapID CB Plus system, and two additional strains of C. striatum were identified with one additional conventional test for lipid requirement. Twenty-seven (75%) of the 36 coryneform strains tested were identified correctly to the species level. However, three of four strains of Brevibacterium sp. and all seven of the L. monocytogenes strains were identified to the genus level only. Actinomyces strains had variable results, and the one strain of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum tested was not identified. Overall, the RapID CB Plus system compared favorably with the conventional methods, was easy to inoculate and interpret, and is promising as a new method for identification of gram-positive bacilli. 相似文献
20.
Comparative evaluation of the API 20S system and the automicrobic system gram-positive identification card for species identification of streptococci. 总被引:3,自引:9,他引:3
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P C Appelbaum M R Jacobs J I Heald W M Palko A Duffett R Crist P A Naugle 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1984,19(2):164-168
Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without additional tests for the identification of 241 streptococcus strains. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic strains, 36 group D strains, 26 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, and 119 viridans streptococcus strains. API correctly identified to species 68.3% of beta-hemolytic strains, 86.1% of group D strains, 53.9% of S. pneumoniae strains, and 12.6% of viridans streptococci. This method provided excellent identification of group A and B and S. faecalis strains. Overall, API correctly identified 41.9% of strains to species, with 41.1% good likelihood but low selectivity, 15.8% incorrect, and 1.2% not identified. GPI correctly identified to species 58.3% of beta-hemolytic strains, 97.2% of group D strains, 80.8% of S. pneumoniae strains, and 57.2% of viridans streptococci. Group A, B, and D strains were all accurately identified by this system. Overall, GPI correctly identified to species 66.0% of strains, with 8.7% correct preliminary identification, 20.8% incorrect, and 4.6% not identified. Both methods represent a worthwhile advance in streptococcal identification. Neither system, however, can be recommended for species identification of the viridans group at this time. 相似文献