重症急性胰腺炎合并腹壁脓肿1例报道

腹壁脓肿是重症急性胰腺炎少见的并发症,本文报道1例急性胰腺炎合并腹壁脓肿.     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与急性重症胰腺炎

急性重症胰腺炎为高危急腹症,发病机制涉及细胞因子与炎性介质的失控性释放.巨噬细胞移动抑制因子是一种重要的前炎症因子,能促使巨噬细胞在炎症局部的聚集、增生、活化,增强其黏附、吞噬作用,并能促进多种致炎细胞因子的生成,抵消糖皮质类固醇激素的免疫抑制作用,是全身性炎症反应综合征中的关键介质.巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在急性重症胰腺炎发病中起着重要的作用.     

SOCS3在重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺中的表达和作用

目的:探讨细胞因子信号转导抑制子3(SOCS3)在实验生重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)中的表达和作用.方法:32只♂ Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(NC组)和3组SAP 6 h、12 h、18h组,每组8只.以4％牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射诱导SAP模型,动态测定各组血清淀粉酶(AMY)水平;光镜下观察胰腺大...     

银杏苦内酯B对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:观察重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠血浆中TNF-α,血小板活化因子(PAF),IL-10, IL-12,sTNFR的水平变化及其银杏苦内酯B(BN52021)的影响.方法:实验选用Wistar♂大鼠45只,随机分成SAP模型组(SAP,n=15),BN52021治疗组(BN,n=15)和阴性对照组(NC,n=15)．前两组以50 g／L牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入主胰管制成SAP模型,NC组开腹后仅翻动十二指肠并触摸胰腺数次关腹．制模15 min后,SAP组经股静脉以5 mL／mg注射生理盐水;BN组以BN52021(5 mg／kg)代替生理盐水静注．制模后分别于1,6,12 h采血,应用ELISA技术测定血浆TNF-α,PAF,IL-10,IL-12和sTNFR水平．结果:SAP组,NC组和BN组大鼠血浆TNF-α和PAF水平相比,具有显著性差异,SAP组(746．2±374．1,82．5±35．4 ng／L)显著高于NC组(385．1±86．3．1．1±1．9 ng／L),BN组(503．7±177．9,39．9±29．9 ng／L)显著低于SAP组(P<0．05)．血浆sTNFR水平三组相比存在明显差异,SAP组(488．7±363．8 ng／L)显著高于NC组(50．0±21．0 ng／L),BN组(883．4±552．5 ng／L)显著高于SAP组(488．7±363．8 ng／L)(P<0．05)．血浆IL-12三组相比存在明显差异,SAP组(97．1±55．9 ng／L)显著高于NC组(20．4±19．4 ng／L),BN组在1 h时相点(133．5±33．4 ng／L)显著高于SAP组(55．9±14．7 ng／L)(P<0．05)．血浆IL-10三组相比不存在明显差异(P>0．05)．结论:SAP大鼠促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子均显著升高．BN52021能降低血浆促炎因子含量,提高IL-12和细胞因子拮抗剂sTNFR含量．     

褪黑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎的机制研究

褪黑素是一种高效的内源性抗氧化剂,不仅可以有效清除氧自由基,还可通过抑制NF-κB的激活而发挥抗炎作用。最新研究表明,针对急性重症胰腺炎的两个重要发病学说,褪黑素具有靶向治疗作用。     

连续性血液净化对重症急性胰腺炎患者免疫内稳状态影响的临床对照研究

目的:观察连续性血液净化(CBP)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的临床效果及其对免疫内稳状态的影响。方法:本文为前瞻性临床对照研究,12例男性SAP患者按随机原则分为Con组(常规治疗组,4例)和CBP治疗组(常规治疗 CBP治疗组,8例)。经72h治疗后对各组患者临床治疗效果进行比较(包括APACHE-Ⅱ评分及其它主要临床指标),同时在治疗0h、6h、12h、24h、48h和72h各时间点取血,动态观察SAP患者免疫内稳状态的变化,主要包括采用抗体芯片技术检测各组患者血浆细胞因子表达谱、Th1(促炎)/Th2(抗炎)细胞因子比例的变化,并观察治疗过程中单核细胞功能(HLA-DR表达)和单核细胞数目的变化。结果:(1)临床治疗效果比较:经72h治疗后,CBP组患者病情显著改善,血淀粉酶水平明显下降,肾功能恢复正常(P<0.05)。而Con组患者除血淀粉酶水平较治疗前有一定程度下降外,患者病情并无明显缓解,肾功能以及动脉血气等指标方面也无明显改善(P>0.05)。(2)免疫内稳状态指标的比较:除IL-4外,两组患者血浆中其它各种细胞因子水平均明显高于健康人群(P<0.05)。经72h治疗后,CBP组患者血IFN-γ,IL-1,IL-2和IL-5,IL-10,IL-13水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);而血肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和IL-6水平虽较治疗前亦降低,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),IL-4水平则始终无明显变化。比值比提示经CBP治疗后SAP患者体内Th2类抗炎细胞因子IL-13、IL-10相对于Th1类促炎细胞因子IL-1、TNF-α水平下降显著。而且,经CBP治疗后,患者外周血单核细胞HLA-DR表达和单核细胞数目均较治疗前明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:CBP治疗除能快速有效改善SAP患者病情,纠正体内酸碱紊乱、清除体内代谢毒素外,还能清除体内过多生成的促炎和抗炎细胞因子,改善患者单核细胞抗原呈递能力,重建机体免疫系统内环境稳态,疗效明显优于传统疗法。经CBP治疗后SAP患者体内Th2类抗炎细胞因子IL-13、IL-10相对于Th1类促炎细胞因子IL-1、TNF-α水平下降显著,有利于改善患者体内的免疫抑制状态。     

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with severe acute pancreatitis

 A 39-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed severe acute pancreatitis during a well-controlled disease stage. Treatment with intraarterial injections of antipancreatic enzyme and a small amount of prednisone (20 mg/day) led to remission of the pancreatitis. Disease activity of the SLE did not flare up throughout the course of this treatment. The development of severe acute pancreatitis in SLE is rare. We discuss the cause of pancreatitis in SLE, and whether corticosteroids may induce or improve pancreatitis. Received: January 30, 2001 / Accepted: October 4, 2001     

益生菌在重症急性胰腺炎患者中作用效果的Meta分析

目的 明确益生菌在重症急性胰腺炎患者中的作用效果.方法 检索1966至2010年9月间Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库(2010)、Medline(1966-2010.9)、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库和万方数据库中发表益生菌作用于重症急性胰腺炎患者的临床随机对照试验,由2名研究者独立对文献进行质量评价和数据提取,并用RevMan 4.3软件进行分析.结果 共检索到313篇文献,剔除重复的和低水平文献,最后有6篇文献纳入研究,结果显示干预组并不能够降低重症急性胰腺炎患者的感染率(OR=0.88,95％CI[0.56,1.38])及死亡率(OR=1.44,95％CI[0.78,2.64]),但能够缩短住院时间(WMD=-4.69,95％CI[-7.73,-1.65]),而干预组和对照组在全身炎性反应综合征(OR=1.33,95％CI[0.63,2.83])、多器官功能衰竭(OR=1.50,95％CI[0.89,2.52])、转外科治疗(OR=0.92,95％CI[0.56,1.51])方面差异未见统计学意义.结论 目前研究表明添加益生菌并不能够降低重症急性胰腺炎患者的感染率和死亡率,尚需大样本、高质量的随机对照试验以进一步明确.     

Effects of emodin and baicalein on rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of emodin in combination with baicalein on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats and to explore the mechanism of SAP. METHODS: A total of 112 SAP rats induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct, randomly assigned to a untreated group and three treated groups emodin group, combined emodin and baicalein group, and sandostatin group. Meanwhile, another 28 other rats were selected as sham operation (SO) group. There were 28 rats in each group, 8 rats were in 3 and 6 h groups respectively, and 12 rats in 12 h group. At each time-points, survival rates,ascites volumes, pathological lesion scores of pancreas tissues,serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 levels were determined as the indexes of therapeutic effects. RESULTS: The survival rate at 12 h was significantly higher in three treated groups than in untreated group.The ascites volume at 12 h was remarkably less in combined and sandostatin groups than in emodin group,but there was no difference between combined group and sandostatin group (P>0.05). Serum amylase levels at all time-points were significantly lower in three treated groups than in untreated group. However, they had no difference among treated groups (P>0.05).Serum TNF-α were lower in three treated groups than in untreated group at all time points. Among the three treated groups, at 6 h, the TNF-α levels of combination and sandostatin groups were lower than those of emodin group. These was no difference between combined and sandostantin. Serum IL-6 concentration at 3 h were lower in combined and sandostatin groups than in untreated group, but at 6 and 12 h they were lower in all treated groups than in untreated group and the combined and sandostatin groups and in emodin group, no difference was found between combined and sandostatin groups at all time-points (P>0.05). The pathological scores of pancreas at all time points were significantly lower in three treated groups than in the untreated group, and at 6, 12 h, the scores of combined and sandostatin groups were lower than in emodin group. There was no difference between combined and sandostatin groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination of emodin with baicalein has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats.     

实验性重症急性胰腺炎细胞因子的变化规律

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)大鼠模型细胞因子的变化规律及其与病情严重度的关系。方法：胰管内塑行注射5％牛磺胆酸钠的方法建立SAP大鼠模型于制模后不同时间获取标本，检测模型大鼠血清中IL－2、IL－8、IL－10、TNF－α的浓度变化。淀粉酶测定采用碘比色法，细胞因子的测定采用ELISA法。结果：制模后大鼠腹水量逐渐增多（由0至14．50ml),胰腺病变评分由0递增至12h的12．83。血和腹水淀粉酶随发病时间而递增。TNF－α、IL－8、IL－10假手术组的浓度很低，制模后上升，第4、5h达到高峰（分别为532．73pg/ml,360.93pg/ml,193.12pg/ml)。IL－2假手术组为297．22pg/ml，模型组制模后1h为209．88pg/ml，后逐渐降低，12h为46．16pg/ml。讨论：大鼠SAP发病后，IL－2浓度随胰腺病变的加重逐渐降低，TNF－α、IL－8、IL－10则逐渐上升，在达到高峰后下降。细胞因子的变化影响了SAP病变的严重度，并随病变严重度的变化而变化。     

内镜结合中医疗法治疗重症急性胰腺炎对细胞因子的影响

[目的]研究内镜结合中医疗法治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）对患者血浆细胞因子及住院时间、病死率的影响。[方法]动态观察内镜结合中医疗法治疗SAP前、后血浆白细胞介素6（IL-6）、IL-8、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、内毒素（LPS）的变化及住院天数和病死率；以同期中西医结合疗法治疗SAP患者作对照。[结果]内镜结合中医疗法及中西医结合治疔均可降低血浆IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TNP-α、LPS，但内镜结合中医疗法治疗后血浆IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、LPS下降较快（P〈0．01、〈0．05、〈0．05、〈0．01、〈0．01）。住院时间缩短，病死率2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]内镜结合中医疗法治疗效果与解除下端胆管梗阻、降低血浆细胞因子有关。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发胰性脑病诊治的探讨（附11例报告）

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎并发胰性脑病的临床特点和诊断治疗方法。方法：回顾分析11例SAP并发PE患的临床资料。结果：本组共11例，占同期SAP的13．8％（11／80）；男性5例，女性6例；手术8例，非手术保守治疗3例；急性期PE7例，迟发性PE4例；死亡4例，存活7例，其中治愈3例，好转4例。结论：本病主要依据临床症状及排除性诊断。治疗除手术、抑制胰酶分泌、抗感染、支持疗法外，辅以强有力的脱水剂、中枢神经营养药、激素冲击治疗至关重要。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗单用及联合血液灌流、血浆置换在高脂血症性重症急性胰腺炎的疗效评价

目的探讨连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)血液灌流(HP)联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗(HP/CVVH)、血浆置换(PE)联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗(PE/CVVH)对高脂血症性重症急性胰腺炎(HLSAP)的治疗价值及效果评价。方法将68例HLSAP患者随机分为CVVH组、HP+CVVH组和PE+CVVH组,均予重症急性胰腺炎常规治疗,并分别予以单纯CVVH、HP+CVVH、PE+CVVH治疗。比较治疗前和治疗72 h后三组患者生命体征、APACHEⅡ评分、甘油三酯(TG)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、重要脏器功能指标变化值;CT检查评价治疗前与治疗1周后CT严重程度指数(CTSI)变化;记录治疗1周内主要并发症发生率、平均住院天数及死亡率。结果三组患者治疗前各项指标差异无显著性。但各组患者治疗后各项指标均有好转(P0.05),治疗72 h后三组间APACHEⅡ评分、血和尿淀粉酶比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);HP+CVVH、PE+CVVH两组与CVVH组比较其余实验室指标改善更明显(P0.05)。治疗1周后三组患者CTSI均较治疗前下降(P0.05),且HP+CVVH组和PE+CVVH组较CVVH组改善更明显(P0.05)。HP+CVVH组和PE+CVVH组较CVVH组临床情况更好,死亡率低,住院时间短(P0.05)。结论 HP、PE联合CVVH治疗较单纯CVVH治疗能够更快降低患者血TG水平,改善临床症状,可减少系统炎性反应综合征及多器官功能障碍综合征/多器官功能衰竭的发生,有效降低死亡率,减少住院时间。     

影响重症胰腺炎预后的早期危险因素分析

目的探讨影响重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）预后的早期危险因素。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年12月间我院收治的SAP患者90例,按预后分为死亡组（37例）和生存组（53例）。分析比较两组患者临床资料及人院24h内实验室检查指标的差异,并通过Logistic回归分析筛选与预后有关的危险因素。结果死亡组患者年龄、血糖显著高于生存组（JP〈0．05）。死亡组患者动脉血氧分压、血钙、血清白蛋白显著低于生存组（P〈0．05）。高龄（OR=1．589．95％CI：1．195～2．114,P〈0．05）,动脉血氧分压（OR=0．055,95％CI：0．004—0．700,P〈0．05）、血清白蛋白（OR=0．850,95％CI：0．752～0．960,P〈0．05）是影响SAP预后的早期因素。结论高龄、低动脉血氧分压、低血清白蛋白可能是影响SAP预后的早期危险因素。     

连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎的研究进展

重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）是临床常见的危重疾病,越来越多的证据表明,SAP是胰腺自身消化启动的严重全身炎症反应性疾病,炎症细胞被过度激活并大量释放细胞因子,由此产生的细胞因子级联反应是SAP病情加重的重要原因。连续性血液净化（CBP）作为一种重要的辅助治疗措施,可削弱炎症介质峰值,稳定内环境,从而治疗SAP导致的多脏器功能损害,在缓解症状、降低并发症的发生率、缩短并发症的持续时间、降低病死率方面起着重要的作用,在改善患者预后方面效果良好。本文结合SAP的发病特点,对CBP治疗SAP的机制、目前临床研究及进展作一综述。     

益生菌辅助治疗重症急性胰腺炎14例

目的:探讨益生菌对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的辅助治疗作用.方法:25例SAP患者均采用保守治疗,随机分为2组,治疗组在传统治疗基础上给口服益生菌制剂金双歧,观察2组患者腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶下降时间,并发症发生率及平均住院时间.结果:与对照组相比,治疗组腹痛缓解时间(5.4±1.3 d vs 6.9±1.5 d,P＜0.01),血淀粉酶恢复时间(5.0±1.7 d vs 6.7±1.4 d,P＜0.05)及并发症发生率(57.8% vs 90.5%,P＜0.01)显著降低,平均住院时间(42±5.0 d vs 49±6.8 d,P＜0.01)明显缩短.结论:早期应用益生菌辅助治疗SAP可改善其病程及预后.     

预防性使用抗生素治疗重症急性胰腺炎的系统评价

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者预防性抗感染治疗的作用.方法 计算机检索和手工检索收集1990年1月～2011年4月预防性抗感染治疗SAP的英文和中文临床随机对照研究,按纳入与排除标准选择文献,提取资料,应用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行Meta分析,对预防性抗生素治疗SAP临床研究进行系统评价.结果 纳入随机对照研究10篇,共有SAP患者599例,其中304例随机给予预防性抗生素.分析显示,在SAP患者中预防性使用抗生素可以降低胰外感染的发生率[相对危险度（RR）为0.67,95％可信区间为0.46～0.99,P=0.04],但病死率（P＝0.26）、胰腺感染（P=0.06）和手术干预（P=0.19）发生率均不能降低.亚组分析显示在高质量和多中心组预防性使用抗生素可以降低胰外感染的发生率,P值分别为0.03和0.0003,其余各亚组中病死率、胰腺感染、手术干预及胰外感染的发生率均不能降低.结论 预防性使用抗生素治疗不能改善病死率,亦不能降低胰腺感染和手术干预的发生率,但可能降低了胰腺外感染发生率.     

Management of intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis with continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter

To evaluate, with a prospective observational study, whether continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter (PMMA-CHDF) is effective for prevention and treatment of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The study was carried out in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. Seventeen consecutive patients with SAP were treated in the intensive care unit and underwent PMMA-CHDF whether or not they had renal failure. Blood level of interleukin (IL)-6, as an indicator of cytokine network activation, and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) were measured daily to investigate their time-course of changes and the correlation between the two. The blood level of IL-6 was high at 1350+/-1540 pg/mL on admission to the ICU. However, it significantly decreased to 679+/-594 pg/mL 24 h after initiation of PMMA-CHDF (P<0.05), and thereafter decreased rapidly. Mean intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on admission was high, at 14.6+/-5.3 mm Hg, with an IAP of 20 mm Hg or over in 2 of 17 patients, showing that they had already developed IAH. The IAP was significantly lower (P<0.05) 24 h after initiation of PMMA-CHDF, and subsequently decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between blood level of IL-6 and IAP, suggesting that PMMA-CHDF improved vascular permeability through elimination of cytokines, and that it thereby decreased interstitial edema to lower IAP. Sixteen of the 17 patients were discharged from the hospital in remission from SAP without development of complications. Continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter appears to be effective for prevention and treatment of IAH in patients with SAP through the removal of causative cytokines of hyperpermeability.     

重症急性胰腺炎的发病原因及发病机制研究进展

重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的发病原因多种多样,发病机制尚未完全明确,现代医学界对SAP重症急性胰腺炎的研究仍在不断进行中。本文首先介绍SAP的基本内容,包括定义和临床表现,然后阐述SAP的发病原因,包括胆石症、酗酒、缺血、代谢障碍、括约肌功能障碍、药物因素、手术创伤、胰腺癌的和免疫系统的疾病,最后对SAP的发病机制进行阐述。     

Present and future of prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the reduction of mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, which is highly questioned by more and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses.METHODS: An updated meta-analysis was performed. RCTs comparing prophylactic antibiotics for SAP with control or placebo were included for meta-analysis. The mortality outcomes were pooled for estimation, and re-pooled estimation was performed by the sensitivity analysis of an ideal large-scale RCT.RESULTS: Currently available 11 RCTs were included. Subgroup analysis showed that there was significant reduction of mortality rate in the period before 2000, while no significant reduction in the period from 2000 [Risk Ratio, (RR) = 1.01, P = 0.98]. Funnel plot indicated that there might be apparent publication bias in the period before 2000. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RR of mortality rate ranged from 0.77 to 1.00 with a relatively narrow confidence interval (P < 0.05). However, the number needed to treat having a minor lower limit of the range (7-5096 patients) implied that certain SAP patients could still potentially prevent death by antibiotic prophylaxis.CONCLUSION: Current evidences do not support prophylactic antibiotics as a routine treatment for SAP, but the potentially benefited sub-population requires further investigations.