父母高血压史对子女高血压患病率及血压水平的影响

目的探讨高血压家族史对人群血压的影响.方法利用1991年全国血压抽样调查的940323人的资料,分析父母高血压史与血压水平和高血压患病率的关系,并分析不同民族人群的遗传背景与血压水平的关系.利用多因素Logistic回归调整年龄、体重指数、吸烟饮酒状况及文化程度后,探讨高血压家族史与高血压患病之间的关系.结果高血压家族史阳性率均为19.3% .有高血压家族史者比无家族史者的血压水平和高血压患病率明显升高(P<0.01),而父母双亲均有高血压者的血压水平和高血压患病率又比父母一方有高血压者明显升高(P<0.01),父母双亲均有高血压史者的高血压患病率为无家族史者的2倍.父亲有高血压者与母亲有高血压者的血压均值及高血压患病率没有显著差异.多因素Logistic回归显示,有高血压家族史者患高血压病的危险是无高血压家族史者的1.79倍.结论遗传因素在中国人群的高血压发病中起重要作用.     

高血压家族史对子女高血压患病率的影响

高血压家族史对子女高血压患病率的影响（摘要）王泽生杨超慧刘卓敏李运乾刘铮遗传因素是高血压的一个重要危险因素。本文拟在大系列的高血压流行病学调查中，查明高血压家族史对其子女成年后高血压患病率究竟有何重要影响。对象：在１９９１年全国高血压抽样调查中按照统...     

云南省不同民族高血压患病率及血压平均水平分布特征分析

目的:了解云南省部分民族的高血压患病、血压平均水平情况。方法:应用2007年中国成人慢性病危险因素监测第二次调查云南省资料,分析不同民族高血压患病率及其收缩压、舒张压平均水平。结果:按2000年人口年龄构成标化后,男性高血压患病率最高的民族为白族(30.4%),最低的民族为壮族(19.3%),女性高血压患病率最高的为回族(24.7%),最低的为傈僳族(12.9%);收缩压男性以白族最高(133.21±21.05)mmHg、以哈尼族最低(125.25±15.78)mmHg,女性以回族最高(132.26±27.02)mmHg、哈尼族最低(118.65±16.65)mmHg;舒张压男性以白族最高(81.92±11.69)mmHg、哈尼族最低(77.38±11.37)mmHg,女性以回族最高(81.45±13.12)mmHg、哈尼族最低(72.95±11.03)mmHg。结论:高血压的患病及血压均值在所调查的民族间各不相同;与全国不同时期同类调查结果比较,高血压患病率及人群血压均值呈现大幅度上升。     

人群血压水平对急性心肌梗塞及脑卒中患病率的影响

为了解人血压水平对急性心肌梗塞及脑卒中患病率的影响，就城乡人群的血压水平与ＡＭＩ及脑卒中患病率的关系进行探讨。调查结果显示，人群血压水平的升高，直接影响ＡＭＩ及脑卒中的患病率，提示人群血夺水平与ＡＭＩ及脑卒中患病率呈正相关。认为人群血压水平的升高是ＡＭＩ及脑卒中发病的危险因素，提出应早日开展高血压人群防治，采用切实有效的方法，控制高血压。     

绍兴市不同体重指数人群的血压均值及高血压患病率调查

超重和肥胖是高血压和其他心血管疾病最主要的危险因素之一[1],也正日益成为疾病预防控制中的研究热点.为进一步了解我市人群中超重和肥胖的发生率及对人群高血压水平、高血压患病率的影响,我们于2001年以体重指数(BMl)和腰围(WC)作为衡量人体肥胖程度的常用指标,对绍兴市不同地区的居民进行了"不同体重指数人群的血压均值及高血压患病率的调查,现报告如下:     

中国人群血压分类与高血压患病率的研究——1991年血压抽样调查资料的进一步分析

目的：进一步分析我国人群血压水平分类、高血压患病率和正常高值的比例，为进一步调查提供可比性资料。方法：使用1991年高血压抽样调查资料。依照1999年世界卫生组织／国际高血压联盟对高血压水平的分类标准进行分类，资料中组间率的检验使用X^2检验。结果：1991年调查正常血压者（包括理想血压）在15岁及以上人群中占77．21％，其中理想血压在正常血压中占75．07％和在人群中占57．96％，血压在正常高值的人数占9．59％，1级（轻度）、2级（中度）和3级（重度）高血压部患病率是13．19％，其中1级是8．47％、2级3级分别是3．1％和1．62％，1级高血压中亚组患病率是7．48％，其占1级高血压患者的88．3％，单纯性收缩期高血压（ISH）的患病率是5．17％，其中亚组占52．03％，1级高血压和2级高血压合计患病率是11．57％，占高血压总患病率的87．7％，女性正常血压所占百分率高于男性（P＜0．01），而正常高值和1级高血压百分率则低于男性（P＜0．01），人群中女性ISH的患病率也较男性偏高（P＜0．01），而正常高值和1级高血压百分率则低于男性（P＜0．01），人群中女性ISH的患病率也较男性偏高（P＜0．01）。结论：在我国高血压患者中轻、中度高血压最常见，占高血压患者的87．7％，有效地预防和治疗轻，中度高血压是卫生健康事业所面临的重要任务之一。     

父母高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常史对子女的影响

高血压、糖尿病与血脂异常有家族史，但家族史影响的力度报告不多。该文研究了5010名日本男女33～66岁，“危险因子集合”指上述3种病中至少有2个者。与没有这3种病的家庭比较，父母有1、2、3种病的家族史，子女有危险因子（OR）集合者分别增加1．25（959／6CJ为1．07～1．47），1．46（95％C工为1．16～1．84）与1．41（95％CJ为0．95～2．11）倍。     

糖尿病对高血压患者动态血压及血压变异性的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）对原发性高血压（EH）患者动态血压（ambulatory blood pressure，ABP）及血压变异性（blood pressure variability，BPV）的影响。方法 选取36例单纯EH及33例合并T2DM的EH患者，行24hABP监测，对2组患者的ABP及BPV进行对比分析。结果 与单纯EH患者相比，合并T2DM的EH患者日间平均收缩压（dmSBP）（P〈0，05）、日间脉压（dmPP）（P〈0.01）、日间收缩压标准差（dSBPSD）（P〈0.01）及日间收缩压标准差变异系数（dSBPCV）（P〈0．05）显著增大。结论 T2DM加重EH患者心血管系统的结构与功能异常，引起ABP及BPV增大；改善其体内糖代谢状况，将有助于改善其心血管系统血流动力学，从而减少心血管并发症。     

老年人血脂、血糖水平对高血压患病率的影响

高血压、高脂血症和糖尿病均是心脑血管疾病的危险因素,三者之间存在一定的联系并相互影响。为探讨老年人群血脂、血糖水平与高血压患病率的关系,我们对1998年温州市老年人群高血压流行病学调查资料进行分析。现报告如下。     

高血压患者血压水平对记忆功能的影响

目的探讨高血压患者血压水平对高血压患者记忆功能的影响,为进一步采取干预措施提供可靠依据。方法收集唐山市工人医院高血压患者196例为观察组,同期选取门诊体检的健康人群为对照组,应用英国Rivermead康复中心设计的行为记忆测验第2版(RBMT-Ⅱ)进行记忆功能测评。结果病例组患病率96.5%,高于对照组的69.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同分级的高血压患者的记忆障碍程度随着血压水平的提高而加重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高血压患者记忆功能有明显减退,血压水平影响记忆功能,应加强血压水平的调节与控制,以维持和提高高血压患者的记忆功能。     

Plasma Volume and Plasma Volume Distribution at Rest,during Muscular Work,Cold Pressure Test and Psychological Stress in Male Offspring from Families with Heavy Aggregation of Hypertension

ABSTRACT. Total and central plasma volume was measured in 51 male offspring of hypertensive individuals belonging to families with a history of essential hypertension for at least two generations. They were compared to 38 age-matched individuals without known hypertension in their families for at least two generations. Central plasma volume was determined at rest and during muscle work, cold pressure test and psychological stress. The offspring had significantly lower total plasma volume than the controls. Central plasma volume was equal in offspring and controls. The quotient central/total plasma volume was thus higher in offspring than in controls, and the difference was statistically significant during psychological stress and dynamic muscle work. Possible reasons for the differences between offspring and controls are an increased transcapillary escape of plasma, an increased quotient intracellular/extracellular fluid and/or increased tone of the capacitance vessels.     

Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Hypertension: a Community-Based Study

The objective of own study was to investigate the quality of hypertension management in a rural Chinese population. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 922 hypertensive patients in a regional community in southern China. The average systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 167.8 ± 22.5 mmHg and 94.3 ± 14.2 mmHg respectively. A total of 823 patients (89.3%) patients had a SBP of greater than or equal to 140 mmHg, and 596 (64.6%) had a DBP of greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Fully 568 patients (69.7%) were treated with one or two antihypertensive drugs, mostly with calcium channel blockers. In patients treated with antihypertensive drugs, the average SBP and DBP were 170.3 ± 23.1 mmHg and 96.2 ± 14.8 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure was poorly controlled in these hypertensive patients. Further studies are required to identify the barriers to the effective management of uncontrolled hypertension in a rural setting.     

Blood Pressure,Cardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistance during Rest,Muscle Work,Cold Pressure Test and Psychological Stress

ABSTRACT. Haemodynamic changes in the early phases of hypertensive diseases have mainly been described in so-called borderline hypertensives. Their cardiac output (CO) has mostly been found to be elevated, but the peripheral vascular resistance (PRI) normal. In this study of the offspring (26 subjects) of hypertensive individuals, CO and intravascular pressures were measured during rest, muscular work, psychological stress and cold pressure test. For comparison, the same measurements were performed in a control group of healthy volunteers without known hypertension in their families. The offspring had higher blood pressure at rest than the controls throughout the study except during the cold pressure test and the highest dynamic work loads. Although there was no statistically significant difference between offspring and controls as regards PRI, the resistance was slightly higher in the group of offspring throughout the study. Arterial blood pCO₂ in offspring was significantly lower at rest, during psychological stress and dynamic muscle work. Possible mechanisms behind this finding are considered.     

抗阻训练对原发性高血压患者血压影响的Meta分析

背景随着社会经济水平发展和人们生活节奏的加快,原发性高血压患病率逐年上升,近年已有研究证实了抗阻训练的降压效果,但临床尚缺乏具体的运动方案,在训练周期、频率等方面缺少循证证据。目的系统评价抗阻训练对原发性高血压患者血压的影响。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science及中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网公开发表的抗阻训练对原发性高血压患者血压影响的随机对照研究,其中试验组患者接受抗阻训练,对照组患者接受常规宣教。采用Cochrane手册中的偏倚风险评价工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,采用Egger检验评估纳入文献是否存在发表偏倚,采用敏感性分析评价本研究结果的稳定性。结果初步检索文献2542篇,经逐层筛选后最终纳入文献9篇,共包含514例患者,其中试验组259例、对照组255例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者干预后收缩压(SBP)〔加权均数差(WMD)=-8.21,95%CI(-13.30,-3.13)〕、舒张压(DBP)〔WMD=-4.51,95%CI(-6.39,-2.63)〕低于对照组(P<0.001)。亚组分析结果显示,训练周期≤12周及不同训练频率、训练时间的试验组患者干预后SBP、DBP分别低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。Egger检验结果显示,报道抗阻训练对原发性高血压患者SBP(P=0.207)、DBP(P=0.151)影响的文献无明显发表偏倚。敏感性分析结果显示,逐一剔除各项研究后的点估计值均在合并效应量的95%CI范围内,表明本Meta分析结果较稳定。结论本Meta分析结果表明,抗阻训练可有效降低原发性高血压患者血压,且将抗阻训练周期控制在≤12周的降压效果更佳。     

动态血压监测评价贝尼地平治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的　应用动态血压监测 (ABPM )的方法评价贝尼地平治疗原发性高血压的降压疗效、谷 /峰比值及不良反应。方法　采用开放的方法 ,2 0例研究对象经 2周洗脱期 ,服用贝尼地平 4mg/d一次 ,2周末坐位舒张压 (SeDBP)≥ 90mmHg者加量至贝尼地平 8mg/d一次 ,继续服用 6周。于洗脱期末及治疗 8周末各行ABPM和实验室检查一次。结果　ABPM显示 8周末 2 4h、日间、夜间收缩压 (SBP/DBP)较洗脱期末分别下降 (9.4± 5 .4 / 6 .2± 4 .1)mmHg、(10 7± 6 .7/ 6 8± 3 8)mmHg、(6 9± 9 0 / 5 1± 7 7)mmHg。降压T/P值SBP为 5 8% ,DBP为 5 9%。无严重不良反应。 结论　贝尼地平 4～ 8mg/d一次为疗效确切的降压药物。     

Prevalence of Masked Hypertension in Subjects Treated with Antihypertensive Drugs as Assessed by Morning versus Evening Home Blood Pressure Measurements: The J-HOME Study

To investigate the relationship between morning and evening home blood pressure (BP) measurements to make a diagnosis of masked hypertension, we collected information on the characteristics of 3,303 essential hypertensive outpatients receiving antihypertensive medication in Japan using a physician, self-administered questionnaire. All patients were asked to measure their home BP once every morning and once every evening for two weeks. Morning and evening home BP values of each patient were defined as the average of all morning and all evening home BP values, respectively. The mean BP values of all study subjects were 142.8/80.6 mmHg for office BP, 139.8/81.8 mmHg for morning home BP, 133.7/76.9 mmHg for evening home BP, and 136.8/79.3 mmHg for the average of the morning and evening home BPs. Masked hypertension was defined as an office BP < 140/90 mmHg and a home BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg. The prevalence of masked hypertension diagnosed using morning home BP (23.1%) was higher than that diagnosed by evening home BP (14.7%); the prevalence was 19.0% when diagnosed using the average of the morning and evening home BPs. Among the 1,386 patients with a normal office BP, the diagnosis of masked hypertension based on morning and evening home BP values differed in 28.8% of patients for systolic BP and 20.9% for diastolic BP (kappa coefficient = 0.43). The present study showed that the prevalence of masked hypertension was underestimated when the diagnosis of masked hypertension was made on the basis of evening home BP.     

肾性高血压的动态血压变化

目的：通过应用动态血压监测仪来观察肾性高血压的动态血压变化,以及血压的变化与肾功能变化之间的相互关系。方法：对７６例肾性高血压患者及４６例健康志愿者进行２４小时时动态血压监测,同时检测高血压患者的肾功能。结果：肾性高血压组的２４ｈＳＢＰ、２４ｈＤＢＰ、ｄＳＢＰ、ｄＤＢＰ、ｎＳＢＰ、ｎＤＢＰ均明显高于正常对照组;而对于ｍａｘ－ｍｉｎＳＢＰ、ｍａｘ－ｍｉｎＤＢＰ、ｄ－ｎＳＢＰ、ｄ－ｎＤＢＰ值,在肾性高血压组较正常对照组明显降低,并且与血肌酐值叶呈负相关关系。结论：肾性高血压患者血压的昼夜节律变化是随着患者肾功能的恶化而逐渐消失的。     

阿托伐他汀钙对高血压合并高胆固醇血症患者血压的影响

目的观察降血脂药HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂阿托伐他汀钙对原发性高血压合并高胆固醇血症患者血压的影响。方法将56例血压控制良好的高血压合并高胆固醇血症的患者随机分为安慰剂组和阿托伐他汀钙组,半量治疗4周后能耐受者增加至目标剂量,随访8周。分别于研究开始、治疗12周时测定血压和血总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血三酰甘油等指标。结果治疗12周后安慰剂组和阿托伐他汀钙组的血压和血总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇指标间的差异均有统计学意义。结论阿托伐他汀钙在有效降低胆固醇的同时利于血压的控制。