单侧外固定治疗重度Pilon骨折的临床疗效探究

目的探讨单侧外固定治疗重度Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年6月-2018年12月南京中大医院江北院区骨科收治的重度Pilon骨折患者100例,男性54例,女性46例;年龄18~65岁,平均35.5岁;Ruedi-AllgowerⅡ型39例,Ⅲ型61例。按照不同固定方法分为常规固定组和单侧外固定组,各50例,比较两组患者住院时间、完全负重下地时间、骨折愈合时间,评价治疗前及治疗后3个月踝关节活动度、踝关节功能恢复情况、疼痛程度,并统计患者的治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果单侧外固定组住院时间、完全负重下地时间、骨折愈合时间分别为(16.50±1.50)d、(132.56±10.25)d、(14.16±0.69)周,均短于常规固定组(19.25±2.35)d、(198.65±16.58)d、(17.58±1.50)周(t/P=6.975/0.001、23.970/0.001、14.650/0.001)。治疗后3个月,单侧外固定组踝关节Mazur评分为(85.67±6.59)分,显著高于常规固定组(62.78±3.45)分,VAS评分为(2.23±0.36)分,低于常规固定组(4.59±0.89)分(t/P=21.760/0.001、17.380/0.001);单侧外固定组患者踝关节活动度分别为(17.29±0.16)°、(28.36±1.23)°、(19.68±0.16)°、(16.89±2.12)°,均高于常规固定组(10.62±1.25)°、(21.57±2.58)°、(14.36±1.62)°、(14.25±0.57)°(t/P=37.430/0.001、16.800/0.001、23.110/0.001、8.503/0.001)。单侧外固定组治疗优良率为90.00%,显著高于常规固定组74.00%(χ^2/P=4.336/0.037)。单侧外固定组总并发症发生率为4.00%,显著低于常规固定组的18.00%(χ^2/P=5.005/0.025)。结论单侧外固定支架治疗重度Pilon骨折可有效减轻患者疼痛症状,提高患者踝关节活动度,恢复患者功能,治疗效果显著,安全性较高。     

钢板与螺钉内固定治疗后踝骨折的临床疗效比较

目的比较钢板与螺钉内固定治疗后踝骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月-2017年3月甘肃省天水市四零七医院脊柱关节科治疗的66例后踝骨折患者。男性36例,女性30例;年龄21~63岁,平均39.6岁。根据手术方法不同分为钢板内固定33例(钢板组)和螺钉内固定33例(螺钉组),观察并比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、术后完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间、踝关节活动度及美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分。结果患者获得随访:钢板组(24.7±11.3)个月,螺钉组(23.8±10.3)个月(t=0.338,P=0.736);手术时间:钢板组(77.8±13.9)min,螺钉组(67.8±14.6) min(t=2.850,P=0.006);术后住院时间:钢板组(6.6±1.7) d,螺钉组(6.4±1.8) d(t=0.464,P=0.644);术后完全负重时间:钢板组(9.2±2.1)周,螺钉组(10.8±2.2)周(t=3.022,P=0.004);骨折愈合时间:钢板组(11.6±2.7)周,螺钉组(12.5±2.9)周(t=1.304,P=0.197)。术后6个月随访时AOFAS评分:钢板组(89.5±6.5)分,螺钉组(82.3±6.4)分(t=5.731,P<0.001);末次随访时AOFAS评分:钢板组(91.4±6.3)分,螺钉组(91.3±6.7)分(t=0.0623,P=0.950);术后6个月随访时踝关节活动(背屈、跖屈、内翻、外翻)范围:钢板组(19.4±3.5)°、(38.6±5.7)°、(19.8±3.7)°、(24.7±4.4)°,螺钉组(17.2±4.6)°、(35.2±4.8)°、(17.2±3.2)°、(22.1±5.3)°;末次随访时踝关节活动(背屈、跖屈、内翻、外翻)范围:钢板组(20.3±4.3)°、(40.3±5.5)°、(21.2±3.5)°、(26.2±4.2)°,螺钉组(19.8±4.3)°、(41.3±5.5)°、(20.8±3.5)°、(26.8±4.2)°。两组术后6个月随访时踝关节活动度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而末次随访时,两组踝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于后踝骨折,采用钢板或螺钉内固定治疗均可获得满意临床疗效。采用钢板固定,患者可早期完全负重活动,早期(术后6个月)踝关节功能更优,而螺钉固定手术创伤较小。     

早期系统康复联合髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果观察

目的观察早期系统康复联合髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析中部战区总医院骨科收治的66例肱骨近端骨折患者根据是否进行早期系统康复治疗分为对照组30例和康复组36例。对照组男性13例,女性17例;平均年龄(55. 77±15. 18)岁;伤后至手术时间(4. 23±1. 14) d;两部分骨折15例,三部分骨折15例。康复组男性19例,女性17例;平均年龄(56. 30±15. 60)岁;伤后至手术时间(4. 43±1. 19) d;两部分骨折16例,三部分骨折20例。两组患者均接受髓内钉治疗、常规术后治疗,康复组患者给予围手术期系统的康复指导;对照组患者术后进行自我锻炼。观察术后1d、3d、7d、2周、4周的VAS评分,治疗12个月肩关节Constant-Murley评分、肩关节前屈角度、体侧外旋、外展外旋角度、骨折愈合时间和不良反应。结果康复组患者术后1、3、7d、2、4周的VAS评分和骨折愈合时间均少于对照组[(3. 9±0. 7)分vs.(4. 0±0. 6)分、(3. 0±0. 7)分vs.(3. 5±0. 8)分、(2. 4±0. 6)分vs.(2. 7±0. 5)分、(1. 7±0. 6)分vs.(2. 2±0. 7)分、(1. 4±0. 6)分vs.(1. 8±0. 5)分、(10. 0±0. 9)周vs.(10. 8±1. 0)周],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);术后12个月肩关节Constant评分、肩关节前屈角、体侧外旋角、外展外旋角均明显高于对照组[(81. 3±5. 5)分vs.(77. 8±5. 7)分、(133. 9±7. 8)°vs.(127. 2±5. 7)°、(31. 5±3. 1)°vs.(28. 5±2. 8)°、(28. 0±2. 8)°vs.(25. 4±3. 8)°],差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。并且未出现骨折再移位、创口感染、骨折不愈合、肱骨头坏死、内固定松动折断、神经损伤等不良反应。结论早期系统康复联合髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折可以有效减轻肩关节术后疼痛,改善肩关节活动度和肩关节功能,促进骨折愈合。     

距下关节镜辅助在SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折微创治疗中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨距下关节镜辅助在SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折微创治疗中的应用价值.方法 前瞻性分析2018年1月—2019年6月平顶山市第一人民医院骨科收治的80例跟骨骨折患者,男性49例,女性31例;年龄18～65岁,平均39.3岁.随机数字表法分为关节镜组(40例,距下关节镜辅助踝关节外侧有限切口接骨板内固定治疗)、普通组(40例,关节外侧有限切口接骨板内固定治疗).术后门诊随访6个月.比较两组患者手术时间、手术切口长度、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,解剖学指标(Bohler角、Gissane角),踝关节功能(AOFAS)及术后并发症(创面感染、距关节僵硬、创伤性关节炎)发生情况.结果 关节镜组手术时间(60.9±8.1)min长于普通组(54.3±7.1)min,P<0.05;手术切口长度、术中出血量与普通组对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),关节镜组骨折愈合时间(11.5±1.6)周少于普通组(12.7±1.8)周,P<0.05.两组患者术前Bohler角、Gissane角水平相近(P>0.05);术后6个月Bohler角分别为(25.4±4.8)°、(24.1±4.2)°,Gissane角分别为(129.8±20.2)°、(123.8±19.3)°,相较于术前均提高(P<0.05),且两组术后Bohler角、Gissane角水平相近(P>0.05);两组患者术前AOFAS评分相近(P>0.05),术后6个月AOFAS评分分别为(87.2±15.9)分、(83.9±13.8)分,相较于术前两组AOFAS评分均提高(P<0.05),且两组AO-FAS评分相近(P>0.05);关节镜组总并发症发生率(3％)低于普通组(15％),P<0.05.结论 在SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折微创治疗中应用距下关节镜可达到良好的复位固定,减少并发症发生率,加快患者康复.     

切开复位内固定联合韧带修复术治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响

目的 探讨韧带修复联合切开复位内固定术(ORIF)治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究分析2015年5月—2018年5月中山市中医院骨二科收治的55例踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者的临床资料,通过随机数字表法分为观察组28例和对照组27例。两组均接受ORIF治疗,对照组术中不修补三角韧带,观察组术中使用锚钉修复三角韧带。比较两组围术期情况、VAS评分、美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分、骨代谢指标、临床疗效及并发症。结果观察组手术时间明显较对照组长[(110. 84±13. 61) min vs.(99. 16±9. 59) min],住院时间、骨折愈合时间明显较对照组短[(15. 64±2. 07) d vs.(18. 69±2. 42) d,(11. 36±1. 88)周vs.(13. 52±2. 04)周],P 0. 05;观察组术后1、3个月VAS评分均明显低于对照组[(3. 03±0. 56)分vs.(3. 62±0. 71)分,(1. 16±0. 20)分vs.(2. 23±0. 28)分,P 0. 5];术后6个月时,观察组AOFAS评分明显高于对照组[(86. 73±8. 60)分vs.(77. 50±7. 94)分](P 0. 05),且观察组血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、1型前胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)明显高于对照组[(139. 34±16. 70) U/L vs.(110. 45±12. 36) U/L,(7. 45±1. 05)μg/L vs.(5. 98±0. 78)μg/L,(131. 46±12. 76)μg/L vs.(114. 74±10. 01)μg/L],血清β胶原降解产物(β-CTX)明显低于对照组[(0. 33±0. 05)μg/L vs.(0. 49±0. 06)μg/L],P 0. 05;观察组临床疗效优良率明显高于对照组(89. 29%vs. 77. 78%,P 0. 05);两组术后并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(3. 57%vs. 3. 70%,P0. 05)。结论联合韧带修复在踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者ORIF治疗中疗效显著,可有效缓解术后疼痛,改善骨代谢,有助于促进骨质愈合及踝关节功能恢复,安全性好,值得应用推广。     

微型锁定钢板与空心螺钉治疗MutchⅡ型肱骨大结节骨折的疗效对比研究

目的 比较微型锁定钢板与空心螺钉治疗MutchⅡ型肱骨大结节骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性研究2017年1月—2020年1月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇二医院骨科收治的31例MutchⅡ型肱骨大结节骨折患者,男性20例,女性11例;年龄19～61岁,平均35.4岁;摔伤17例,道路交通伤9例,高处坠落伤5例.根据内固定物不同分为微型钢板组(14例)和空心螺钉组(17例).记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度及骨折愈合时间.随访时记录肩关节功能活动度(ROM)及并发症,采用Constant-Murley评分(CSS)评定疗效.结果 患者均获得12～32个月(平均17.4个月)随访.两组手术时间[(45.9±8.2)minvs.(44.1±8.8)min]、术中出血量[(58.2±8.5)mLvs.(52.7±12.1)mL]、切口长度[(4.4±0.5)cmvs.(4.7±0.5)cm]及骨折愈合时间[(9.6±1.6)周vs.(10.1±2.2)周]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).微型锁定钢板组无严重并发症.空心螺钉组有1例出现内固定松动,行非手术治疗,4个月畸形愈合,功能可;2例复位丢失,再次行手术治疗,恢复较满意.两组关节活动比较(微型钢板组vs.空心螺钉组),前屈上举[(156.4±13.1)°vs.(127.1±17.1)°、外展(128.2±11.7)°vs.(117.9±10.0)°、后伸(43.9±11.1)°vs.(32.1±14.5)°],微型钢板组优于空心螺钉组(P<0.05).微型钢板组CSS评分高于空心螺钉组[(85.7±8.9)分vs.(72.7±8.1)分],P<0.05.结论 与空心螺钉相比,微型钢板治疗MutchⅡ型肱骨大结节骨折具有固定牢靠、可早期行功能锻炼、肩关节功能恢复好、术后并发症少等优点.     

不同方法置入拉力螺钉内固定治疗Haraguchi Ⅰ型后踝骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较不同方法置入拉力螺钉内固定治疗Haraguchi Ⅰ型后踝骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年1月复旦大学附属华东医院骨科收治的Haraguchi Ⅰ型后踝骨折患者80例.男性36例,女性44例;平均年龄55.9岁;致伤原因:扭伤40例,道路交通伤31例,跌伤9例.按固定方法不同分为前后螺钉组(42例)和后前螺钉组(38例).前后螺钉组经皮由前向后置入拉力螺钉内固定,后前螺钉组经后外侧入路直接置入拉力螺钉内固定.比较两组手术时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重所需时间;采用踝关节Burwell-Charnley放射学评分比较两组患者踝关节面复位情况;采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分评估两组患者术后6、12个月的踝关节功能;比较两组患者术后并发症发生情况.结果 前后螺钉组的手术时间[(50.4±9.6)min]短于后前螺钉组[(68.5±12.8)min],P<0.05.两组完全负重所需时间比较[(13.1±1.4)周vs.(12.6±1.3)周]、骨折愈合时间比较[(12.5±1.6)周vs.(11.8±1.6)周],P>0.05.前后螺钉组的Burrwell-Charnley放射学评分优良率为76.2％,低于后前螺钉组的89.5％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后6、12个月,前后螺钉组的AOFAS分别为(75.4±13.1)分和(80.6±9.4)分,均低于后前螺钉组的(80.9±11.0)分和(88.2±10.9)分,P<0.05.结论 经皮由前向后置入拉力螺钉内固定治疗HaraguchiⅠ型后踝骨折的手术时间较短,但由后向前置入拉力螺钉的患者踝关节面复位情况和踝关节功能恢复情况均优于由前向后置入拉力螺钉的患者,且安全性更好.     

改良经皮微创修复术治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂的临床疗效研究

目的比较改良经皮微创修复手术与传统切开修复手术在治疗急性闭合性跟腱损伤时的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学第二附属医院骨三科2016年1月—2016年12月收治的25例急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者作为传统组,均采用传统手术方式切开修复;2017年2月—2018年1月采用经皮微创修复手术治疗的23例急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者作为微创组,比较两组病例术中情况、随访结果及并发症发生率、恢复工作时间等指标,分析两种手术方式的临床治疗效果。结果传统组有1例患者失访,其余患者得到术后3个月及12个月各门诊随访1次。微创组手术时间、平均住院日明显短于传统组[(33.7±9.2)minvs.(64.3±16.4)min,(3.0±2.2)dvs.(12.0±2.4)d,P<0.05],手术切口长度明显小于传统组[(2.4±0.8)cmvs.(11.5±2.4)cm,P<0.05]。术后3个月随访,两组踝关节跖屈肌力无明显差异,微创组踝关节活动度、AOFAS评分优于传统组[(42.0±5.2)°vs.(36.2±78)°、(69.6±5.8)分vs.(61.0±7.4)分,P<0.05],术后12个月随访,两组踝关节跖屈肌力、踝关节活动度、AOFAS评分无明显差异(P>0.05)。两组未发生深静脉血栓、跟腱再断裂并发症。术后传统组跟腱感染3例,其中浅层感染2例,深层感染1例,脂肪液化2例,均经有效治疗,获得良好愈合;传统组、微创组各有1例腓肠外侧皮神经损伤,于术后3个月随访时完全恢复。两组患者于术后平均9.3周重返正常工作。结论经皮微创修复急性跟腱断裂可以明显缩短手术时间、住院时间及手术切口长度,显著降低了术后感染率,未增加腓肠神经损伤率,并能达到同切开修复相似的临床治疗效果,患者的治疗接受程度更高。     

高压氧联合胫骨远端后外侧入路术治疗Pilon骨折的疗效及术后并发症分析

目的探究高压氧联合胫骨远端后外侧入路术对Pilon骨折患者疗效及术后并发症发生率的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2022年6月在临沂市中心医院接受胫骨远端后外侧入路术治疗的Pilon骨折患者89例, 依据随机数字表法, 将其分为观察组(44例)和对照组(45例), 对照组患者于术后行常规抗生素、血管扩张等药物干预, 观察组在对照组基础上于术后1 d接受高压氧治疗。记录并比较2组患者软组织肿胀消失时间、切口愈合时间、骨折线模糊时间、骨折线消失时间, 采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)评估患者术后疼痛情况, 采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝关节评分评估患者踝关节功能。比较2组患者临床疗效、VAS及AOFAS评分、并发症发生率。结果观察组肿胀消失时间、切口愈合时间、骨折愈合时间短于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后12h VAS、AOFAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05), 术后7 d、术后1个月、术后3个月, 2组患者VAS与术后12 h相比均有下降, AOFAS评分均有上升, 但观察组改变程度更为显著, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)...     

3D打印导航模板辅助钢板内固定术治疗SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折效果分析

目的探讨3D打印导航模板辅助钢板内固定术治疗SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2018年8月深圳市盐田区人民医院收治的SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折患者105例,男性67例,女性38例;年龄23~59岁,平均36.5岁;SandersⅢ型58例,Ⅳ型47例。根据手术方式不同分为3D组(55例)和常规组(50例),3D组行3D打印导航模板辅助钢板内固定术,常规组行常规复位内固定。观察两组患者围术期情况及疗效,术前及术后6个月AOFAS评分和Maryland评分、Bohler角和Gissane角。结果 3D组手术时间及术中出血量少于常规组[(52.24±6.37) min vs.(61.96±8.86) min、(22.84±2.76) mL vs.(28.51±5.68) mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3D组住院时间及X线片透视次数少于常规组[(11.42±4.35)d vs.(12.83±5.95)d、(4.23±1.34)次vs.(4.54±1.44)次],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组优良率90.91%高于常规组76.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后6个月的AOFAS评分、Maryland评分及Bohler角均较术前显著提高,Gissane角均较术前显著降低(P <0.05);3D组并发症发生率10.91%低于常规组18.00%,但两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3D打印导航模板辅助钢板内固定术治疗SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折可缩短手术时间,降低术中出血量,安全可靠。     

The effect of supervised rehabilitation on strength, postural sway, position sense and re-injury risk after acute ankle ligament sprain

The effect of an early rehabilitation program, including postural training, on ankle joint function after an ankle ligament sprain was investigated prospectively. Ninety-two subjects, matched for age, sex, and level of sports activity, were randomized to a control or training group. All subject received the same standard information regarding early ankle mobilization. In addition, the training group participated in supervised physical therapy rehabilitation (1 h, twice weekly) with emphasis on balance training. Postural sway, position sense and isometric ankle strength were measured 6 weeks and 4 months after the injury, and at 12 months re-injury data were obtained. In the training group, there was a significant difference between the injured and uninjured side for plantar flexion (P < 0.01), eversion (P < 0.01) and inversion (P < 0.05), but not for dorsiflexion at 6 weeks. In the control group, there was a significant difference between the injured and uninjured side for plantar flexion (P < 0.01), eversion (P < 0.01), inversion (P < 0.01), and dorsiflexion (P < 0.05) at 6 weeks. Postural sway, but not position sense, differed between the injured and uninjured side in both groups (P < 0.01) at 6 weeks. The side-to-side percent differences were similar in both groups for all variables (P > 0.05) at 6 weeks, and there were no side-to-side differences at 4 months in either group. In the control group, 11/38 (29%) suffered a re-injury, while this number was only 2/29 (7%) in the training group (P < 0.05). These data showed that an ankle injury resulted in reduced ankle strength and postural control at 6 weeks, but that these variables had normalized at 4 months, independent of the supervised rehabilitation. However, the findings also demonstrated that supervised rehabilitation may reduce the number of re-injuries, and therefore may play a role in injury prevention.     

改良胫后肌移位术治疗腓总神经损伤后足下垂及内翻畸形

目的 探讨改良胫后肌移位术治疗腓总神经损伤所致足下垂及内翻畸形的早期疗效.方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2017年12月至2019年10月北京积水潭医院收治的6例腓总神经麻痹性足下垂及内翻患者的临床资料,其中男4例,女2例;年龄33～48岁[(39.5 ±6.0)岁].左侧4例,右侧2例.患者均行胫后肌移位术,通过异...     

Isokinetic profile of dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of the ankle--a comparative study of élite versus untrained subjects.

A comparative study was made of the isokinetic characteristics of the ankle (plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion) in young men. Six cyclists, seven gymnasts, 10 soccer players and 25 non-athletic young men were tested on the Cybex II+ dynamometer. Peak torque, torque acceleration energy (TAE), total work and average power were measured. Cyclists had slightly higher (5%) mean plantar flexion than the others, but this was not significant. The situation was reversed for dorsiflexion. Moreover, the average dorsiflexion per unit of plantar flexion was significantly higher in the gymnasts than it was in the cyclists for both torque and work. This suggests that at a specific level of plantar flexion, the gymnasts had stronger dorsiflexion compared with the cyclists and that in sports involving jumping and running, increased attention should be given to strengthening the antagonist muscle groups (dorsiflexors) in order to achieve greater agonist-to-antagonist muscle balance thus preventing injury. The non-athletic subjects had substantially lower endurance capability in both flexors as measured by the endurance ratio. This implies that identifiable specialization in particular muscles results from training or participating in specialized sports.     

后内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的评估后内侧切口治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2008年4月~2013年4月我院139例后踝骨折患者临床资料,根据入院时的影像学资料,其中29例诊断为后Pilon骨折,并采用后内侧切口行切开复位内固定治疗且资料完整。男性19例,女性10例;年龄21~74岁,平均46.3岁。损伤原因包括坠落伤12例,平地扭伤10例,道路交通伤7例;均伴外踝骨折及关节软骨面塌陷;所有患者足踝部肿胀、畸形及活动受限。受伤至手术时间1~11d,平均5.3d;术后定期随访切口及骨折愈合情况,并采用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分系统评价术后疗效。结果 29例均获随访,随访时间15~47个月,平均24.6个月。所有患者切口均一期愈合;术后2d X线片显示,解剖复位(胫骨远端关节面无台阶,踝穴正常)26例,复位良好(胫骨远端关节面移位1mm,踝穴增宽1mm)3例,解剖复位率89.7%;29例骨折均愈合,愈合时间12~21周,平均15.2周。末次随访时AOFAS评分为81~100分,平均89.5分,其中优21例,良8例,优良率100%。结论后Pilon骨折采用后内切口可完全暴露整个后内侧骨折块,有利于骨折复位和固定,临床疗效满意,应作为治疗后Pilon骨折的首选入路。     

Physiological coxa varus–genu valgus influences internal knee and ankle joint moments in females during crossover cutting

This study evaluated the ankle and knee electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic differences of 20 nonimpaired females with either neutral (group 1) or coxa varus–genu valgus (group 2) alignment during crossover cutting stance phase. Two-way mixed model ANOVA (group, session) assessed mean differences (p<0.05) and correlation analysis further delineated relationships. During impact absorption, group 2 displayed earlier peak horizontal braking (anterior-posterior) ground reaction force timing, decreased and earlier peak internal knee extension moments (eccentric function), and earlier peak internal ankle dorsiflexion moment timing (eccentric function). During the pivot phase, group 2 displayed later and eccentrically-biased peak ankle plantar flexion moments, increased peak internal knee flexion moments (eccentric function), and later peak knee internal rotation timing. Correlation analysis revealed that during impact absorption, subjects with coxa varus–genu valgus alignment (group 2) displayed a stronger relationship between knee internal rotation velocity and peak internal ankle dorsiflexion moment onset timing (r=–0.64 vs r =–0.26) and between peak horizontal braking ground reaction forces and peak internal ankle dorsiflexion moment onset timing (r=0.61 vs r=0.24). During the pivot phase these subjects displayed a stronger relationship between peak horizontal braking ground reaction forces and peak internal ankle plantar flexion moment onset timing (r=–0.63 vs r=–0.09) and between peak horizontal braking forces and peak internal ankle plantar flexion moments (r=–0.72 vs r=–0.26). Group differences suggest that subjects with coxa varus–genu valgus frontal-plane alignment have an increased dependence on both ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscle group function during crossover cutting. Greater dependence on ankle muscle group function during the performance of a task that requires considerable 3D dynamic knee joint control suggests a greater need for frontal and transverse plane weight bearing tasks that facilitate eccentric ankle muscle group function to optimize injury prevention conditioning and post-surgical rehabilitation programs.     

Effect of eccentric training on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties

PURPOSE: It has been shown that eccentric training can be effective in the rehabilitation of patients with Achilles tendonopathy. The mechanism behind these results is not clear. However, there is evidence that tendons are able to respond to repeated forces by altering their structure and composition, and, thus, their mechanical properties change. In this regard, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether eccentric training affects the mechanical properties of the plantar flexor's muscle-tendon tissue properties. METHODS: Seventy-four healthy subjects were randomized into two groups: an eccentric training group and a control group. The eccentric training group performed a 6-wk eccentric training program for the calf muscles. Before and after this period, all subjects were evaluated for dorsiflexion range of motion using universal goniometry, passive resistive torque of the plantar flexors, and stiffness of the Achilles tendon. Passive resistive torque was measured during ankle dorsiflexion on an isokinetic dynamometer. Stiffness of the Achilles tendon was assessed using a dynamometer, in combination with ultrasonography. RESULTS: The results of the study reveal that the dorsiflexion range of motion was significantly increased only in the eccentric training group. The eccentric heel drop program also resulted in a significant decrease of the passive resistive torque of the plantar flexors (from 16.423 +/- 0.827 to 12.651 +/- 0.617 N.m). The stiffness of the Achilles tendon did not change significantly as a result of training. CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence that an eccentric training program results in changes to some of the mechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscles. These changes were thought to be associated with modifications to structure rather than to stretch tolerance.     

闭合和切开复位联合克氏针内固定治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果比较

目的比较闭合和切开复位联合克氏针内固定治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年5月-2017年5月绵阳市中心医院小儿外科收治的101例GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料,其中男性72例,女性29例;年龄2~13岁,平均5.8岁。按手术方法不同分为切开组(n=51,采用切开复位联合克氏针内固定治疗)和闭合组(n=50,采用闭合复位联合克氏针内固定治疗),比较两组手术效果、临床相关指标、术后3、6个月测量Baumann角和提携角及术后并发症情况。结果末次随访时两组优良率(88.2%vs.94.0%)比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.031,P=0.309);闭合组术中失血量(2.0±0.9)m L、手术时间(23.0±3.2)min、住院时间(7.5±1.6)d及骨折愈合时间(5.2±1.1)个月均少(短)于切开组[(12.1±1.2)m L、(35.8±4.0)min、(12.4±2.5)d、(8.9±2.8)个月,t=48.253、17.871、11.706、8.708,均P<0.001];术后3个月及术后6个月两组提携角[(12.5±2.5)°vs.(12.9±2.0)°、(12.5±2.3)°vs.(12.9±2.6)°]和Baumann角[(71.3±9.3)°vs.(72.6±12.2)°、(70.2±8.3)°vs.(71.8±10.2)°]比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.455、0.614、0.603、0.865,P=0.650、0.541、0.548、0.389);经随访两组术后并发症发生率(2.0%vs.4.0%)比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.364,P=0.546)。结论儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折采用闭合复位联合克氏针内固定与切开复位联合克氏针内固定治疗效果相当,但前者具有手术时间及住院时间短等特点,且创伤小、骨折愈合较快,对患儿皮肤美观无影响。     

Proprioception level after endoscopically guided percutaneous Achilles tendon

Purpose

To evaluate ankle function following endoscopically guided percutaneous Achilles tendon repair. The hypothesis of this study was that patients with percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon would still display impaired involved side ankle proprioception.

Methods

Nineteen male patients with percutaneous Achilles tendon surgery were tested for bilateral ankle active angle reproduction at 10° dorsiflexion and 15° plantar flexion, peak concentric isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor torque, one-leg hop for distance, and single-leg vertical jump height. Dominant sides of age- and sex-matched 19 healthy controls were evaluated for ankle active angle reproduction at 10° dorsiflexion and 15° plantar flexion, peak concentric isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor torque.

Results

Peak isokinetic torque, one-leg hop for distance, single-leg vertical jump for height and ankle joint position sense at 10° dorsiflexion did not differ between the affected and unaffected side. Ankle joint position sense for active angle replication at 15° plantar flexion revealed a significant side-to-side difference. Joint position sense at 10° dorsiflexion and at 15° plantar flexion at affected side was poor in patients compared with the controls, while joint position sense at 10° dorsiflexion and at 15° plantar flexion at unaffected side was same in patients compared with the controls.

Conclusions

It has revealed a significant difference in joint position sense at plantar flexion of the patients at least 1 year after percutaneous Achilles tendon surgery compared to their unaffected limb. Large prospective longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate therapeutic interventions designed to improve proprioception.

Level of evidence

III.