昆明市儿童龋病和氟牙症流行状况调查

目的 通过对昆明市儿童龋病和氟牙症的流行病学调查,为该区开展饮水加氟预防龋齿提供可行性依据,并为昆明市龋病和氟牙症长期流行病学研究提供基础数据.方法 采用分层、整群随机抽样方法,调查5、12岁2个年龄组儿童各212、1 149人,调查内容包括5、12岁儿童龋病患病现状以及12岁儿童氟牙症流行现状.结果 昆明市5岁儿童...     

2005年天津市12岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

目的了解天津市城、乡12岁人群氟牙症流行状况。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,对天津市城、乡12岁人群进行氟牙症流行病学抽样调查。调查项目包括氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数。调查样本量为774人,其中男391人（城区197人、农村194人）,女383人（城区188人、农村195人）。结果天津市12岁人群氟牙症患病率为63.6%（城区56.6%,农村70.4%）,社区氟牙症指数为1.53,属氟牙症中度流行地区。城区以轻度及轻度以下氟牙症为主,农村以中度氟牙症为主,城、乡重度氟牙症患者较少见。结论天津市为氟牙症中度流行区,并有农村重于城区的趋势,今后应加强饮水除氟工作。     

新疆温宿县中小学生氟牙症与龋病流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆温宿县中小学生氟牙症和龋病发病特点及相互关系。方法 按Dean分度标准和WHO第3版《口腔健康调查基本方法》对1527名6－16岁维、汉族学生进行氟牙症和冠龋流行病学调查,电极法进行水和尿氟含量测定。结果 维、汉族氟牙症患病率和指数分别为73．70％、64．67％和1．647、1．303;维、汉族患龋率和龋均分别为61．19％、42．66％和1．648、1．023;氟牙症组与氟牙症组患龋率和龋均分别为51．94％、52．99％和1．305、1．449。水氟含量：2－5mg/L,尿氟含量：维5.28mg/L,汉3.64mg/L。结论 新疆温宿县学生氟牙症患病率异,可能与摄氟量过高、口腔卫生差、医疗条件有限等因素导致龋病上升有关。     

广东省12,15岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

为了解我省人群口腔健康状况,我们参与１９９５年第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,组织了广东省口腔健康流行病学调查。现将我省城乡１２、１５岁人群氟牙症抽样调查结果报告如下。对象与方法１．对象：调查对象以集体常住人口为主。调查年龄为１２、１５岁两个年龄组。...     

广东天然氟区龋病和氟牙症影响因素的逐步回归分析

作者在广东东部饮水氟浓度０．１－２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ天然氟区进行，调查了接触氟化物有关的生活习惯和其他影响龋病，氟牙症发生的多种因素，检查了龋病，氟牙症，分别以龋均，龋面均，氟牙症指数作自变量，对多种因素进行了逐步回归分析，筛选出影响龋病，氟牙症作用显著的因素，明确表示出各因素的作用大小，对当地制定适宜水解氟浓度标准具有指导意义，分析了其某些因素的作用未达显著性的原因，并对龋均，龋面均在这个龋病流行病学     

2005年北京市城、乡12岁人群口腔健康流行病学抽样调查

目的了解北京市12岁年龄组城乡人群恒牙龋病、牙周健康及氟牙症状况,为北京市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市12岁城乡常住人口792人,男女各半。按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》口腔健康检查中牙列状况检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙牙冠龋病、牙周健康状况及氟牙症。数据采用SPSS11.5软件统计。结果12岁组恒牙患龋率26.39%,龋均0.47;患龋率和龋均城、乡之间无显著性差异。城市男性低于女性;农村男、女之间无显著性差异。牙龈出血检出率62.88%,人均2.77颗;牙石检出率58.59%,人均3.13颗。氟牙症患病率3.41%,社区氟牙症指数为0.10。结论北京市12岁年龄组人群患龋率及龋均较低,但农村学生的龋齿充填率偏低;牙龈出血及牙石检出率城市学生均高于农村学生;氟牙症患病率和社区氟牙症指数属于正常范围。     

2005年广东省12岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

目的 了解广东省12岁城乡人群恒牙氟牙症状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省12岁城乡常住人口720人,男女各半.按照<第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>中临床氟牙症的检查方法和标准,检查全口恒牙牙冠氟牙症情况.数据采用SAS软件统计,计算出患病率和氟牙症指数.结果 12岁组人群氟牙症患病率为4.44%,氟牙症指数为0.03,城乡和性别的差异无显著性意义.结论 广东省氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数处于较低水平.     

辽宁省12岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的:了解辽宁省12岁儿童恒牙患龋状况,为龋病预防提供科学依据。方法:按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对辽宁省城乡6个地区36个调查点的792名12岁儿童进行了口腔检查。结果:在792名受检者中,患龋率和龋均分别为30.05%和0.51,农村和城市地区的患龋率分别为28.54%和31.57%,经统计学检验城乡无统计学意义(χ2=0.87,P>0.05),男女患龋率之间有统计学意义(χ2=10.6,P<0.01),显著性龋均指数为1.53。结论:辽宁省12岁儿童龋患明显低于十年前的状况,但患龋率仍达到30.05%,龋齿充填率也较低,龋齿主要集中于第一恒磨牙,仍应加大预防的力度,以降低龋病的发生。     

江苏省3～5岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查报告

目的了解江苏省3～5岁儿童龋病流行现状,为江苏省儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用分层多阶段等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取江苏省3～5岁儿童1 337人,其中3岁组441人、4岁组455人、5岁组441人。使用CPI探针检查全口乳牙冠龋情况,计算患龋率、龋均、充填率等。结果 3、4、5岁人群乳牙患龋率分别为47.39%、60.22%和71.43%;龋均分别为2.22、2.94、4.05;龋齿充填率分别为0.72%、1.72%、2.63%。不同年龄组的患龋率和龋均不同(P<0.05),随年龄增长,患龋状况加重。患龋率和龋均在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义。3岁人群患龋率农村高于城市(P<0.01),4岁、5岁人群患龋率在城乡间差异无统计学意义。4岁人群龋均农村大于城市(P<0.05),3岁、5岁人群龋均在城乡间差异无统计学意义。不同样本地区儿童乳牙患龋状况不同。3、4、5岁儿童乳牙显著性龋均指数分别为6.01、7.44、9.03。乳牙患龋率最高的牙位是上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙。5岁儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均高于2005年,充填率仅有小幅提升。结论江苏省3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况严重,应针对高风险人群进行重点防治。     

2005年海南省5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况抽样调查

目的:了解海南省5岁人群乳牙龋病状况,为海南省口腔卫生预防保健工作提供信息支持.方法:采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取海南省5岁城乡常住人口757人.按照<第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>中牙列状况的检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口乳牙龋病状况.数据采SPSS12.0软件统计.结果:5岁人群患龋率为76.1%,龋均为4.88.而患龋儿童中,因龋充填率仅为2.5%.龋均和患龋率在城乡和性别的差异无统计学意义.在牙位上,患龋好发牙位前三位为下颌第一乳磨牙、上颌第一乳前牙、下颌第二乳磨牙.结论:海南省5岁人群龋病发病率较高,且其中绝大部分龋齿未得到治疗.     

Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis at Varying Water Fluoride Concentrations

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between caries experience and dental fluorosis at different fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The impact of other fluoride products also was assessed. Methods : This study used data from the 1986–87 National Survey of US Schoolchildren. Fluoride levels of school water were used as an indicator of the children's water fluoride exposure. The use of fluoride drops, tablets, professional fluoride treatments, and school fluoride rinses were ascertained from caregiver questionnaires. Only children with a single continuous residence ( n =18,755) were included in this analysis. Results : The sharpest declines in dfs and DMFS were associated with increases in water fluoride levels between 0 and 0.7 ppm F, with little additional decline between 0.7 and 1.2 ppm F. Fluorosis prevalence was 13.5 percent, 21.7 percent, 29.9 percent, and 41.4 percent for children who consumed <0.3, 0.3 to <0.7, 0.7 to 1.2, and >1.2 ppm F water. In addition to fluoridated water, the use of fluoride supplements was associated with both lower caries and increased fluorosis. Conclusion : A suitable trade-off between caries and fluorosis appears to occur around 0.7 ppm F. Data from this study suggest that a reconsideration of the policies concerning the most appropriate concentrations for water fluoridation might be appropriate for the United States.     

上海3岁儿童龋病状况的多因素方差分析

目的：了解和调查上海市3岁儿童的龋病状况及其相关影响因素。方法：对上海市452名3岁儿童进行龋病状况调查。龋病状况采用由世界卫生组织所推荐的龋失补指数（dmft）来评估。通过问卷调查来收集口腔健康相关的行为、知识和态度等信息。通过多因素方差分析得出与龋病状况相关的影响因素。结果：调查对象的患龋率为39．8％,龋均为1．63（标准差为2．80）。多因素方差分析的结果显示,郊区儿童、经常含奶瓶睡觉的儿童、每天吃甜点2次及以上的儿童和过去1年内有口腔就医行为的儿童具有较高的dmft指数（P〈0．05）。结论：3岁儿童的患龋水平较低,居住地、喂养习惯、饮食习惯和口腔就医行为是影响他们龋病状况的主要因素。     

黑龙江省12岁儿童患龋状况与饮水氟浓度关系的抽样调查

目的:研究黑龙江省不同地区12岁儿童龋齿和氟斑牙的发病情况与当地饮水氟浓度的关系。方法:按照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》的要求,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,抽取全省城乡6个地区的12岁年龄组792例儿童进行龋齿和氟牙症调查。采用SPSS12.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:6个地区饮水氟浓度分别为0.29、0.40、0.68、0.77、0.80和1.14mg/L;相应的患龋率为44.7%、43.2%、41.7%、37.1%、28.0%和40.5%。除饮水氟浓度1.14mg/L组外,随着饮水氟浓度的增高,患龋率有下降趋势,两者呈负相关关系(r=-0.81)。社区氟牙症指数(CFI)与饮水氟浓度呈正相关关系(r=0.78)。结论:适当的饮水氟浓度可有效降低龋齿的发病率,在水氟过高的情况下,可能会引起龋病和氟牙症的高发。     

Dental Fluorosis and Caries Prevalence in Children Residing in Communities with Different Levels of Fluoride in the Water

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of dental fluorosis and caries in 7–14-year-old children residing in communities with negligible (NF: 0.2 ppm), optimal (OPF: 1.0 ppm), and four-times optimal (4X OPF: 4.0 ppm) naturally occurring fluoride in their water systems. Methods : Examinations were performed on 344 children who were lifetime residents of their communities. Results : Whether using the tooth surface index of fluorosis or Dean's index, children examined in the 4X OPF community had the highest prevalence of dental fluorosis. While the severity of fluorosis seen in the OPF and NF communities was mild in appearance, the results indicate that fluorosis does occur in optimally and negligibly fluoridated communities. Compared to the NF community, DMFT and DMFS scores in the OPF community were 9.2 percent and 21.2 percent lower, respectively. Conclusions : The ingestion of water containing 1 ppm or less fluoride during the time of tooth development may result in dental fluorosis, albeit in its milder forms. However, in these times of numerous products containing fluoride being available, children ingesting water containing 1 ppm fluoride continue to derive caries protection compared to children ingesting water with negligible amounts of fluoride. Thus, the potential for developing a relatively minor unesthetic condition must be weighed against the potential for reducing dental disease.     

Considerations on Optimal Fluoride Intake Using Dental Fluorosis and Dental Caries Outcomes – A Longitudinal Study

Objectives: The "optimal" intake of fluoride has been widely accepted for decades as between 0.05 and 0.07 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (mg F/kg bw) but is based on limited scientific evidence. The purpose of this paper is to present longitudinal fluoride intake data for children free of dental fluorosis in the early-erupting permanent dentition and free of dental caries in both the primary and early-erupting permanent teeth as an estimate of optimal fluoride intake. Methods: Data on fluoride ingestion were obtained from parents of 602 Iowa Fluoride Study children through periodic questionnaires at the ages of 6 weeks; 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 months; and then at 6-month intervals thereafter. Estimates of total fluoride intake at each time point were made by summing amounts from water, dentifrice, and supplements, as well as other foods and beverages made with, or containing, water. Caries data were obtained from examinations of children at ages 5 and 9 years, whereas fluorosis data were obtained from examinations of children only at age 9 years. Results: The estimated mean daily fluoride intake for those children with no caries history and no fluorosis at age 9 years was at, or below, 0.05 mg F/kg bw for nearly all time points through the first 48 months of life, and this level declined thereafter. Children with caries had generally slightly less intakes, whereas those with fluorosis generally had slightly higher intakes. Conclusions: Given the overlap among caries/fluorosis groups in mean fluoride intake and extreme variability in individual fluoride intakes, firmly recommending an "optimal" fluoride intake is problematic.