861例巨大原发性肝癌的手术切除治疗

目的探讨巨大原发性肝癌手术切除治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院近15年开展的861例巨大肝癌手术切除治疗及随访结果资料。结果可切除的巨大肝癌具有以下临床特点：肿瘤巨大、肝硬化程度轻、肿瘤与肝内及肝周大血管呈推压关系、发病年龄小;不同肝血流阻断方法进行巨大原发性肝癌切除术中出血量及大出血发生率不同;手术切除治疗巨大肝癌病例的1、2、3、5年生存率分别为78．56％、54．42％、33．25％、21．44％,明显高于同期TACE治疗巨大肝癌病例。结论只要掌握适当的适应证,注意术中操作和围手术期处理,手术切除巨大肝癌是安全、有效、可行的。     

手术在原发性肝癌治疗中的地位

随着医学科技的发展 ,近年来对肝癌的治疗取得了长足进展 ,手术切除率明显提高 ,对不能手术切除的肝癌采用预治疗后 ,有些病例又可获二期切除。经过手术切除复发的肝癌还可以再次手术切除 ,以提高病人的生活质量和 5年生存率。迄今 ,医学界普遍认为 ,肝切除是治疗原发性肝癌的最有效方法。只有肝切除术治疗肝癌 ,才能使病人无瘤生存 ,而且 (1,3,5)年生存率也明显高于其他疗法。1.早期小肝癌的手术切除 :小肝癌的早期手术切除仍是延长肝癌病人生存期的主要途径。小肝癌局部切除与肝叶切除相比 ,前者 5年生存率虽低于后者 ,但无明显统计学差异…     

大肝癌的外科治疗体会

目的　探讨手术切除大肝癌的可行性和安全性。方法　回顾性分析总结我院近 10年施行手术切除的 78例大肝癌的资料 ,并与同期手术治疗的 2 7例小肝癌进行比较。结果　大肝癌组施行的手术切除范围、术中失血量显著大于小肝癌组 ,手术时间亦明显长于小肝癌 ,因而并发症率也高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但两组间的死亡率并无显著差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　大肝癌应积极地进行手术切除。经过仔细地选择病例 ,手术切除是安全可行的。     

孤立性大肝癌的外科治疗进展

大肝癌临床十分常见,长期被归为"晚期、不可切除"的肝癌。肝切除迄今仍是肝癌最佳的治疗手段。大肝癌的外科治疗较为困难,严重制约了肝癌外科治疗水平的进一步提高。但孤立性大肝癌具有独特的临床病理学特征与分子病理学特征和相对好的肿瘤生物学特性。若无血管侵犯,无论肿瘤大小均属早期。虽然瘤体巨大、手术切除困难,风险大,但其手术效果佳,5年总体生存率可达40%左右,患者生存获益明显。故对于孤立性大肝癌应倡导积极开展手术切除,不要轻易放弃手术。作者定义了临界可切除肝癌,对此类患者的治疗要严格把握并正确判断手术适应证,综合评估患者的手术安全性与耐受性,熟练掌握孤立性大肝癌的手术技巧。对于有经验的外科医生,开展孤立性大肝癌与临界可切除肝癌的手术切除是安全有效的。     

经皮注射消融治疗小肝癌结节71例

肝癌的早期发现和小肝癌的手术切除,是当前提高肝癌治疗效果的基础.但肝硬化的程度和肝癌的位置是影响小肝癌手术切除的局部因素,常可能使切除性手术存在极大风险[1].在超声引导下经皮注射消融治疗小肝癌结节操作简便、安全、微创.可反复进行,且费用低廉,易被患者接受.我科在超声引导下经皮注射消融治疗小肝癌结节患者71例.总结报道如下.     

经肝动脉化疗治疗中晚期肝癌

至今，手术切除肿瘤及其局围肝组织是治疗肝癌的最有效的方法。但是，我国肝癌80％匕上上合并肝硬变，且多于就诊时已发展到不能进行根治性切除，因此，能够行手术切除者只有5％左右。尽管诊查手段的不断提高、健康体检日益普及，而临床所见的肝癌病人仍以中晚期肝癌为多，故此非切除治疗肝癌的方法也是肝癌治疗的重要组成部分。     

肝切除治疗巨大肝癌65例报告

目的 探讨肝切除治疗大直径肝癌的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾性总结切作巨大肝癌（直径大于１０ｃｍ）的治疗结果。结果 肝切除治疗巨大肝癌６５例，切除的标本湿重６８０～５０００ｇ；平均１０２９ｇ全组无手术死亡，术后１，３，５年生存率分别为６７．６％，２２．５％和８．３％，延长病人生存时间的效果是明显的。结论 以肝切除治疗巨大肝癌是安全可行的。     

前入路肝切除技术探讨

目的 探讨前入路肝切除术在难切性肝癌肝切除术中的应用价值。方法 对2例用常规手术方法难以切除的肝右叶肝癌和2例肝门部胆管癌用前入路的方法行肝切除,探讨其手术技巧和适应证。结果 2例右半肝切除,1例肝门部胆管加左半肝切除,1例肝门部胆管加尾状叶切除手术均获得成功。术中平均出血量1075ml,手术至出院时间12.5d。无手术死亡。结论 前入路肝切除术对难切性肝癌是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜联合微波技术治疗肝脏肿瘤

目的 探讨安全有效的腹腔镜治疗肝脏肿瘤的方法。方法 腹腔镜下应用微波技术分别对２例肝癌和２例肝血管癌在微波凝固后行肿瘤切除，４例可切除和１例不宜手术切除的肝癌病人行微波固化治疗。结果 ４例肝肿瘤切除平均出血量〈２００ｍｌ，全部病人术后恢复顺利。２例肝癌切除病例，存活时间分别为２０、２７个月。５例肝癌微波固化存活时间６￣１６个月。结论 腹腔镜联合微波技术治疗部分肝脏肿瘤，是一种简便、安全、微创而有效     

肝癌伴肝硬化、脾功能亢进一期手术治疗体会

目的探讨肝癌合并肝硬化、脾功能亢进一期手术治疗的临床疗效。方法对2002年1月至2005年10月我院手术治疗的36例肝癌合并肝硬化、脾功能亢进患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果36例患者行肝脏癌肿切除,联合脾切除一期手术。术后1例患者因肝功能衰竭死亡,35例患者恢复顺利,脾功能亢进全部消失,无严重手术并发症。结论对肝癌合并肝硬化、脾功能亢进患者采用肝脏癌肿切除联合脾切除一期手术是安全可行的。围手术期的处理是提高患者远期疗效的关键。     

解剖性肝段切除

目的 探讨解剖性肝段切除的方法和应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月～2013年1月近3年我科采用不同手术方式实施肝切除的差别.其中解剖性肝段切除组15例、Pringle组25例,比较两种方法对术中失血量、术后肝功能及康复时间等指标的影响.结果 解剖性肝段切除组失血量较Pringle组显著减少（P＜0.05）,解剖性肝段切除组术后肝功能恢复快、康复时间短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 解剖性肝段切除较传统的Pringle肝门阻断下切肝方法有明显的优越性.     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

外科手术是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的重要手段。手术切除的适应证已扩展至满足肝内肿瘤能全部切除、切缘阴性、肝脏储备功能足够即可;而手术切除联合局部治疗进一步扩大了手术适应证。转移癌及原发癌一期或二期手术的远期生存率比较,差异无统计学意义。腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移安全可行,疗效确切。围手术期辅助化疗疗效并不明确,新辅助化疗可能不会使所有患者都受益。     

Coagulation changes during liver resection]

Thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were measured during liver resection surgery in 8 patients. TAT and PAI activities of patients under liver resection were compared with those of 11 patients under resection of esophageal carcinoma. TAT activity increased during liver resection (P < 0.001) and reached 14 times (P < 0.001) of its control value in the recovery room. PAI activity was very stable during operation, but increased to twice (P < 0.01) of its control value in the recovery room. TAT activity of patients after liver surgery in the recovery room was (P < 0.05) more than twice of that of patients after esophageal surgery. We conclude that hypercoagulable state occurred during liver resection to a greater degree compared with that observed with esophageal surgery, and that its cause might be liver resection itself.     

Laparoscopic liver resection assisted with radiofrequency

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency-assisted laparoscopic liver resection is reported. METHODS: Patients suitable for liver resection were carefully assessed for laparoscopic resection. Patient and intraoperative and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection. All operations were performed without vascular clamping and consisting of tumorectomy (n = 9), multiple tumoretcomies (n = 2), segmentectomy (n = 2), and bisegmentectomies (n = 2). Mean blood loss was 121 +/- 68 mL, and mean resection was time 167 +/- 45 minutes. There was no need for perioperative or postoperative transfusion of blood or blood products. One patient developed pneumothorax during surgery as a result of direct puncture of pleura with the radiofrequency probe, and 1 patient had transient liver failure and required supportive care after surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.0 +/-1.5 days. At follow-up, those with liver cancer had no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency-assist laparoscopic liver resection can decrease the risk of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion.     

快速康复外科联合精准肝切除对非选择性肝切除患者的应用价值

目的探讨快速康复外科技术及精准肝切除的引入在非选择性肝切除患者中的应用价值。 方法选取2009年1月至2014年1月武汉黄陂区人民医院收治的345例肝切除的手术患者,随机分为传统组及快速康复组,传统组155例,按照常规开腹手术方法以及通气后进饮食等传统围手术期治疗方案进行治疗;快速康复组190例,应用快速康复外科技术联合精准肝切除技术。对比分析两组患者术后C反应蛋白(CRP)、血皮质醇、血糖等变化以及术后离床时间、进食时间、肛门排气时间、住院天数、住院费用等指标,并观察记录不良反应及并发症。 结果快速康复组手术前后皮质醇、血糖水平变化小于传统组(P<0.05),离床时间、进食时间、肛门排气时间明显提前(P<0.05),住院天数、住院费用少于传统组,且并未增加并发症及再入院率。 结论快速康复外科技术联合精细肝切除的引入对于非选择性肝切除患者是成功且较安全的。     

联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术治疗传统不可切除肝癌之进展

近年来,肝癌综合治疗进展显著,但手术切除仍为肝癌病人获得长期生存的主要治疗方式。随着肝脏外科的快速发展,肝脏解剖学的复杂性和手术操作已不再是肝脏手术的主要障碍,肝切除术后剩余肝脏体积不足成为肝脏手术的主要限制因素。临床上多数肝癌病人因此无法行一期根治性切除术,只能接受非手术治疗,长期预后较差。联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二...     

Management of colorectal liver metastases

Hepatic metastases occur in 60% of patients following resection for colorectal cancer. Liver resection is the only curative option, with one third of resected patients alive at five years. In those developing recurrence in the liver following resection, further liver surgery may be curative, with similar 5 years survival rates of about 30%. Until recently surgery was feasible in only 15–25% of patients with colorectal liver metastases. New strategies, such as downstaging chemotherapy, portal vein embolization and two‐stage hepatectomy, may increase the resectability rate by 15%. Earlier detection of liver metastases would increase resectability, although good follow‐up trials are lacking. Once suspected, colorectal liver metastases are staged by spiral CT, CT portography and MRI, which have similar overall accuracies. Mortality following liver resection is less than 5% in major centres, with a morbidity rate of 20% to 50%. Prognostic scoring systems can be used to predict the likely cure rate with resection. Pulmonary metastases occur in 10–25% of patients with resected colorectal cancer, but are limited to the lung in only 2% of cases. In these selected cases surgery provides long‐term survival in 20–40%, and repeat lung resection has shown similar rates. For patients with unresectable disease, chemotherapy and ablation techniques have been demonstrated to prolong survival, although chemotherapy alone has been shown to improve quality of life.     

Ultrasonic-mediated laparoscopic liver transection

Parenchymal liver transection represents a fundamental phase of liver surgery. Several devices have been described for safe and careful dissection of the liver parenchyma during laparoscopic liver surgery, but the ideal technique has not yet been defined. This report describes the combined use of ultrasonic dissector and the ultrasonic coagulating cutter for laparoscopic liver resection. The ultrasonic dissector is used to fracture the parenchyma along the line of proposed division, and the uncovered bridging structures are sealed using the ultrasonic coagulating cutter. The combined use of ultrasonic dissector and harmonic scalpel allows liver resection to be safely performed, with the advantage of minimal surgical complication and low blood losses.     

Surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases

Recent advances not only in diagnostic imaging examinations but also in surgical techniques of liver resection have extended the indication of liver resection for colorectal metastases, and accumulated experience has improved surgical outcome. Liver metastases develop in a quarter of patients with colorectal cancer, and of these 30 % are candidates for liver resection under the criteria that liver resection is indicated when all tumors can be removed technically with adequate normal parenchyma left, no extrahepatic metastases are detectable, and the patients is considered fit for surgery. As the 5 year survival rate ranges from 30 % and 40 %, liver resection benefits 9 % to 12 % of patients with liver metastases. Recurrence in the liver remnant after liver resection develops in 40% to 50 %, and repeat liver resection benefits those patients.     

Laparoscopic liver resection: Experience based guidelines

Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR) has been progressively developed along the past two decades. Despite initial skepticism, improved operative results made laparoscopic approach incorporated to surgical practice and operations increased in frequency and complexity. Evidence supporting LLR comes from case-series, comparative studies and meta-analysis. Despite lack of level 1 evidence, the body of literature is stronger and existing data confirms the safety, feasibility and benefits of laparoscopic approach when compared to open resection. Indications for LLR do not differ from those for open surgery. They include benign and malignant(both primary and metastatic) tumors and living donor liver harvesting. Currently, resection of lesions located on anterolateral segments and left lateral sectionectomy are performed systematically by laparoscopy in hepatobiliary specialized centers. Resection of lesions located on posterosuperior segments(1, 4a, 7, 8) and major liver resections were shown to be feasible but remain technically demanding procedures, which should be reserved to experienced surgeons. Hand-assisted and laparoscopy-assisted procedures appeared to increase the indications of minimally invasive liver surgery and are useful strategies applied to difficult and major resections. LLR proved to be safe for malignant lesions and offers some short-term advantages over open resection. Oncological results including resection margin status and long-term survival were not inferior to open resection. At present, surgical community expects high quality studies to base the already perceived better outcomes achieved by laparoscopy in major centers' practice. Continuous surgical training, as well as new technologies should augment the application of lap-aroscopic liver surgery. Future applicability of new technologies such as robot assistance and image-guided surgery is still under investigation.