实时超声造影在经直肠前列腺穿刺活检中的应用

目的:探讨实时超声造影技术提高经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的应用价值。方法:PSA异常升高(4~20μg/L)、直肠指检(DRE)异常或前列腺MRI异常的男性患者,经积极肠道准备后进行前列腺穿刺活检,穿刺方案为12+X针(左右侧叶前列腺尖部、中部及基底部腺体各穿刺1针+可疑结节靶向穿刺X针)。穿刺前先对前列腺进行常规超声检查,然后进行超声造影。比较超声造影前后发现前列腺结节内可疑前列腺癌结节数目差异,以及常规超声引导和实时超声造影引导下前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率的差异。结果:常规经直肠超声发现可疑结节86个,检出前列腺癌57个,阳性率为66.3%。超声造影发现异常结节118个,其中108个检测出前列腺癌,阳性率91.5%。超声造影诊断前列腺异常结节效率明显高于常规经直肠超声(P0.01)。超声造影引导下穿刺检出前列腺癌39例(42.8%),而常规经直肠超声检查仅能检出28例(30.8%),两者差异显著(P=0.033)。结论:实时超声造影可提高前列腺可疑结节的检出率,为前列腺靶向穿刺提供更精确定位。靶向穿刺可有效提高前列腺癌的检出率,有利于早期发现前列腺癌。     

超声造影在前列腺周缘带结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 评估超声造影在判断前列腺周缘带低回声结节良恶性中的价值.方法 对108例临床怀疑前列腺癌的患者进行超声造影和经直肠前列腺穿刺活检,比较经直肠超声造影检查中前列腺癌和前列腺增生周缘带低回声结节超声造影的不同表现.结果 108例患者中,49例为前列腺癌,59例为前列腺增生.在63例患者的前列腺周缘带中发现低回声结节81个.其中,43例前列腺癌周缘带中低回声结节60个:20例前列腺增生周缘带低回声结节21个.前列腺癌周缘带结节超声造影表现为:高增强36个(36/60),低增强15个(15/60),等增强9个(9/60);45个(45/60)以"快进"为主要灌注模式.前列腺增生周缘带结节超声造影表现为:高增强2个(2/21),低增强5个(5/21),等增强14个(14/21),18个(18/21)以"慢进"为主要灌注模式.结论 前列腺癌周缘带结节以快进和高增强为主,而前列腺增生周缘带结节则以慢进和等增强为主.超声造影有助于判断前列腺周缘带结节良恶性.     

经直肠超声造影靶向前列腺穿刺活检在PSA水平为4~20 ng/ml患者中的作用

目的：探讨前列腺超声造影在经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检中的临床应用价值.方法选择96例血清PSA在4~20 ng/ml行前列腺穿刺活检的患者,其中50例行经直肠超声前列腺13针系统性穿刺活检;46例先行经直肠前列腺超声造影,后对超声造影异常增强区靶向穿刺加6点常规穿刺,超声造影无异常者同系统性穿刺.比较两组穿刺活检的效率.结果系统性穿刺组前列腺癌的阳性率为22.0％,造影穿刺组为41.3％,两组间对单纯移行区肿瘤的检出率有统计学差异(P＜0.05).系统穿刺组人均穿刺13.0针,单针阳性率为11％;造影穿刺组人均穿刺10.9针,单针阳性率为20％;两组单针阳性率、人均穿刺针数差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超声造影异常的患者单针阳性率明显高于普通超声检查的患者(31.5％ v s 11.3％),同时人均穿刺针数低于超声引导下系统性穿刺(9.7 vs 13.0针),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).系统性穿刺组前列腺癌患者总 Gleason评分为74分,人均6.7分,超声造影穿刺组则分别为133、7.0分,两组比较有统计学差异.两组无严重并发症.结论对于PSA＜20 ng/ml 的患者,超声造影对引导经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检具有更高的效率,可减轻患者的痛苦.     

前列腺靶向穿刺活检新进展

影像学引导下靶向活检是当下前列腺癌穿刺活检的主流方式,基于影像学和生化标志物的风险分组可能成为前列腺癌穿刺活检的新标准,本文就前列腺靶向穿刺活检中不同影像学方法的新进展以及活检策略进行综述：超声辅助引导下前列腺活检的方法主要包括直肠超声前列腺活检(TRUS)、经直肠超声造影(TR-CEUS)、经直肠实时弹性成像(TRTE),与活检联合应用能显著增加前列腺癌的诊断率。三维经超声直肠检查(3D-TRUS)技术可适用于先前活检结果为阴性的患者。目前最新的超声手段显微超声(Micro-US)在前列腺靶向活检检出率方面并不逊于多参数磁共振(mp-MRI)。mp-MRI靶向活检提高了临床有意义前列腺癌(csPCa)的检出率,目前常见的核磁靶向技术为认知融合活检(MRI-visual-TB)、mp-MRI/TRUS融合活检(MRI-fusion-TB)、mp-MRI直接引导下穿刺活检(MRI-TB)。将MRI与Micro-US成像融合用于靶向活检也成为新的靶向活检方式,磁共振(MR)机器人辅助活检正逐渐被应用。正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)更加改善了对肿瘤的定位,对初始分期、生化...     

经直肠实时弹性成像引导靶向穿刺在前列腺病变的应用价值研究

目的本研究主要探讨经直肠实时弹性成像(TRTE)引导靶向穿刺在前列腺病变中的应用价值。方法对符合纳入标准的112例可疑前列腺癌患者进行经直肠前列腺超声检查,在TRTE引导下对可疑病灶进行2针靶向穿刺活检及超声引导下传统12针系统穿刺活检。分析TRTE对前列腺良恶性病变诊断效能及比较TRTE引导下靶向穿刺与系统穿刺诊断的准确性。结果本研究112例患者中,TRTE共诊断前列腺癌54例,良性病变58例,最终病理确诊前列腺癌42例,良性病变70例,诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为88.1%、75.7%、80.3%、0.68、0.91。TRTE引导靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数84针,阳性率37.5%(84/224),系统穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数313针,阳性率23.3%(313/1344),二者具有统计学差异,χ~2=4.08,P0.05。同时行靶向加系统穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数397针,阳性率25.3%(397/1568)。结论 TRTE在前列腺病变诊断中具有较高的灵敏度、特异度、准确度。利用TRTE引导靶向穿刺诊断Pca拥有比系统穿刺更高的准确性,但就目前来讲TRTE引导靶向穿刺尚无法完全取代系统穿刺法,而两者相结合是减少前列腺癌穿刺假阴性率的主要方案。     

经直肠超声造影鉴别老年前列腺良恶性结节

目的应用经直肠超声造影及穿刺活检病理分析,探讨前列腺良恶性结节的超声造影特点。方法使用SonoVue对135例经直肠超声检出的前列腺异常结节患者进行造影检查,观察良恶性结节的常规超声及超声造影表现,利用Q-Lab软件对良恶性结节的组织造影参数进行对比分析。结果经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检检出异常结节174个,恶性结节77个,良性结节97个;55个恶性结节位于外腺区,69个良性结节位于内腺区。71.43%(55/77)的恶性结节超声造影表现为"快进快出"的高增强。88.66%(86/97)内外腺良性结节表现为与周围前列腺组织同步灌注的均匀增强。结论经直肠超声造影在鉴别前列腺结节良恶性及判定病变部位具有良好的临床应用价值。     

超声造影检查在经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影检查在经直肠超声引导下(CE-TRUS)经会阴前列腺穿刺活检中的临床应用价值.方法 病例选择标准:①直肠指检异常;②PSA>10 ng/ml;③PSA 4～10 ng/ml,f/t PSA异常或PSAD值异常,符合以上之一者即入围此研究.共116例入选者,年龄50～84岁,既往均无前列腺手术病史.行6点系统加异常回声处活检,其中PSA＜10ng/ml者25例,10 ng/ml～者25例,20 ng/ml～者11例,>30 ng/ml者55例.行CF-TRUS经会阴前列腺穿刺活检,彩色多普勒超声检查并记录前列腺局灶性病变部位、回声特征及彩色多普勒血流等情况,其中43例行前列腺超声造影,了解并记录异常血流部位.结果 116例患者穿刺活检证实前列腺癌64例,BPH 52例.43例行超声造影检查后活检者,前列腺癌和BPH分别为25及18例,造影组和非造影组前列腺癌穿刺阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.622).PSA≤30ng/ml组共61例,其中行超声造影23例,发现前列腺癌8例,未造影组38例中发现前列腺癌5例,造影组穿刺阳性率高于非造影组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.046);PSA>30 ng/ml患者造影和非造影穿刺阳性率(97.1%与85.0%)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.095). 结论与B超引导下经直肠前列腺活检相比,CE-TRUS经会阴前列腺穿刺活检并发症少而轻.PSA≤30ng/ml患者结合超声造影检查能提高前列腺癌穿刺阳性率.     

超声引导下前列腺结节活检对提高前列腺癌诊断率的研究

目的:通过前列腺内各种回声结节的穿刺病理结果,探讨前列腺内异常回声结节的病理诊断与鉴别诊断对提高早期前列腺癌诊断率的意义。方法:对95例临床疑前列腺癌患者行经直肠超声(TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺活检,除了行扩大范围系统活检外,并对前列腺内异常回声结节进行穿刺活检,分析其声像图特征与病理结果。结果:95例患者中,前列腺癌35例(36.8%),其中低回声结节16例(45.7%),强回声结节4例(11.4%),等回声结节10例(28.6%),混合性不均质回声5例(14.3%)。35例前列腺癌中,T2b期以内占46.2%(17/35),其中结节处检出前列腺癌阳性率70.6%(12/17),明显高于系统活检检出前列腺癌阳性率29.4%(5/17,P<0.05)。结论:对前列腺内异常回声结节的辨别与活检有利于前列腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断,并可提高早期前列腺癌诊断率,减少不必要的活检针数及减少患者不必要的痛苦,但它仍然不能代替传统的系统活检。     

超声造影在鉴别前列腺结节良恶性的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影在鉴别前列腺结节良恶性的价值。方法应用超声造影剂声诺维（SonoVue）对30例经腹部超声发现的前列腺结节患者进行超声造影。观察并分析结节的超声造影特征。结果本组30例36个前列腺低回声结节中,位于内腺20个,外腺16个。内腺结节均为良性增生结节,外腺结节中4个为良性增生结节,12个前列腺癌。不同部位不同性质的结节超声造影表现也不相同。内腺低回声结节表现为与周围内腺实质同步灌注的均匀增强模式;外腺低回声良性结节表现与周围外腺实质增强强度相似的灌注模式：外腺低回声恶性结节表现为增强强度明显高于内腺前列腺组织和周围外腺前列腺组织。所有结节均经手术或前列腺穿刺活检病理证实。结论超声造影在鉴别前列腺结节良恶性中有一定的应用价值。     

磁共振-经直肠超声靶向穿刺联合前列腺病理大切片对前列腺癌精准诊断的优势分析

目的:探讨磁共振-经直肠超声靶向穿刺联合前列腺病理大切片在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法:选取2018年1月至2020年12月在我院就诊的疑似前列腺癌患者310例,根据穿刺方法分为观察组(n=183)和对照组(n=127),观察组给予磁共振与经直肠超声融合引导靶向穿刺,对照组给予标准12针经直肠超声穿刺活检,观察两组前列腺...     

经直肠实时弹性成像引导靶向穿刺在前列腺病变的应用价值研究

［摘要］ 目的 本研究主要探讨经直肠实时弹性成像（TRTE）引导靶向穿刺在前列腺病变中的应用价值。方法 对符合纳入标准的112例可疑前列腺癌患者进行经直肠前列腺超声检查,在TRTE引导下对可疑病灶进行2针靶向穿刺活检及超声引导下传统12针系统穿刺活检。分析TRTE对前列腺良恶性病变诊断效能及比较TRTE引导下靶向穿刺与系统穿刺诊断的准确性。结果 本研究112例患者中,TRTE共诊断前列腺癌54例,良性病变58例,最终病理确诊前列腺癌42例,良性病变70例,诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为88.1%、75.7%、80.3%、0.68、0.91。TRTE引导靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数84针,阳性率37.5%（84/224）,系统穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数313针,阳性率23.3%（313/1344）,二者具有统计学差异,χ2=4.08,P<0.05。同时行靶向加系统穿刺诊断前列腺癌针数397针,阳性率25.3%（397/1568）。结论 TRTE在前列腺病变诊断中具有较高的灵敏度、特异度、准确度。利用TRTE引导靶向穿刺诊断Pca拥有比系统穿刺更高的准确性,但就目前来讲TRTE引导靶向穿刺尚无法完全取代系统穿刺法,而两者相结合是减少前列腺癌穿刺假阴性率的主要方案。     

超声造影在直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声造影（CEUS）下直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法：对70例高危前列腺癌患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中普通直肠超声（TRUS）组穿刺活检34例,CEUS组36例。结果：CEUS组36例患者共接受穿刺282针,平均7．8针;TRUS组34例接受穿刺279针,平均8．2针。CEUS组发现前列腺癌9例,阳性率为25．0％;TRUS组8例,阳性率为23．5％,两组阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义。而穿刺组织条石蜡病理标本显示,CEUS组282针中,阳性针数37针,阳性率为13．1％;TRUS组279针中,阳性针数25针,阳性率为8．9％;两者阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者穿刺后无严重并发症发生。结论：CEUS下直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检安全可靠,可以提高诊断前列腺癌的敏感性。     

经直肠超声造影与经直肠常规超声诊断前列腺癌的比较研究

目的:比较经直肠超声造影与经直肠常规超声诊断前列腺癌的各自优势。方法:选择前列腺癌患者213例,年龄54~83岁,平均71岁。检测PSA为4.12~150.00μg/L,平均22.53μg/L。先行经直肠常规超声检查,再行经直肠前列腺超声造影检查,绘制时间强度曲线(TIC曲线),分别判读常规超声和超声造影结果。随后行12针前列腺系统穿刺活检。结果:213例患者中,常规超声诊断前列腺癌123例,超声造影诊断前列腺癌113例,穿刺活检病理确诊前列腺癌99例。常规超声与病理检查的诊断符合率为53.52%,超声造影与病理检查的诊断符合率为80.28%。两种诊断方法敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、漏诊率、病理检查符合率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经直肠超声造影可灵敏显示前列腺血流分布情况,对前列腺癌的诊断有较高的准确性,值得推广使用。     

经直肠与经会阴途径穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的对比分析

目的比较经直肠途径与经会阴途径穿刺活检对前列腺癌(PCa)的检出率。方法回顾性收集128例首次确诊的PCa患者,根据活检途径不同,分为经直肠途径组62例和经会阴途径组66例,比较2种途径诊断不同总前列腺特异性抗原(TPSA)水平PCa及临床意义前列腺癌(CsPCa)检出率的差异。对其中104例(经直肠途径组42例,经会阴途径组62例)在常规超声检查基础上行CEUS,于83例(经直肠途径组28例,经会阴途径组55例)检出阳性病灶后行靶向穿刺,比较2组系统穿刺及靶向穿刺PCa、CsPCa的检出率。结果经直肠途径组PCa检出率为35.48%(22/62),CsPCa检出率为25.81%(16/62);经会阴途径组PCa检出率为42.42%(28/66),CsPCa检出率为28.79%(19/66),差异均无统计学意义(P=0.471、0.676);2组对不同TPSA水平PCa及CsPCa的检出率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。经直肠途径组与经会阴途径组在系统穿刺中PCa检出率[35.48%(22/62) vs 40.91%(27/66);P=0.587]、阳性针数/总针数[14.25%(106/744) vs 14.52%(115/792);P=0.879]、CsPCa检出率[25.81%(16/62) vs 28.79%(19/66);P=0.676]差异均无统计学意义;靶向穿刺活检PCa检出率[35.71%(10/28) vs 14.55%(8/55);P=0.002]、阳性针数/总针数[30.77%(24/78) vs 6.76%(10/148);P0.001]差异有统计学意义。结论超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检经直肠途径与经会阴途径对PCa及CsPCa检出率无差异。CEUS可引导前列腺靶向穿刺活检,穿刺操作时选择与CEUS相同的患者体位及解剖断面可提高PCa检出率。     

Transrectal ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a new maneuver designed to improve the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions

PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound can reveal potentially malignant prostate lesions while they are still small. However, based on ultrasound alone they are often difficult to distinguish from benign focal lesions. We tested the reliability of a new technique for the sonographic evaluation of typical prostate lesions in differentiating adenocarcinoma from benign lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 18 months 398 consecutive male patients 45 to 76 years old underwent transrectal ultrasound for the early detection of prostate cancer. When suspicious hypoechoic lesions were noted in the peripheral regions of the prostate, moderate pressure was applied on the lesion using the ultrasound probe to evaluate consistency. Based on the response lesions were classified as deformable (the shape changed from approximately spherical to oval) or nondeformable (the original shape was retained). All lesions were then diagnosed based on fine needle biopsy. RESULTS: Peripheral hypoechoic prostate lesions were sonographically identified in 146 of 398 patients (36.7%). In 68 cases nondeformable lesions proved to be adenocarcinoma in 63 (92.6%), and chronic prostatitis and/or adenomatous hyperplasia in 5. In contrast, 62 of the 78 deformable nodules (79.5%) showed histological features of hyperplasia and/or chronic inflammation. The remaining 16 nodules, which showed more limited changes in shape during compression, were characterized by hyperplasia with acute inflammatory changes. In 5 cases there was also evidence of adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guided compression of suspicious prostate lesions detected on transrectal sonography is a simple, rapid and reliable maneuver that may increase the diagnostic potential of this examination.     

Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate

Ultrasound imaging and ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies were performed in 251 consecutive men with abnormal prostates on digital rectal examination. A hypoechoic defect on ultrasound was identified in 227 of 251 patients (90 per cent) corresponding to the area of palpable nodularity or abnormal firmness. A mean of 6.25 biopsies were obtained per patient using a commercially available spring-loaded gun. Biopsies were positive for cancer in 165 of the 251 prostates (66 per cent). Palpable nodules more often were hypoechoic and more often contained cancer than less distinct areas of abnormal firmness on digital examination. Among the clinical stages B1, B2 and B3 nodules 70, 76 and 88 per cent, respectively, were positive for cancer, as were 100 per cent of the clinical stage C prostates. Of 77 abnormally firm, nonnodular prostates 36 per cent were positive for cancer. Random biopsy of the contralateral normal lobe in 56 men with clinical stage B1 or B2 nodules showed cancer present contralaterally in 42 and 60 per cent, respectively; 20 per cent had positive biopsies despite a contralateral isoechoic ultrasound. In 78 patients with prior digitally guided biopsies, ultrasound guided biopsies confirmed previously diagnosed cancers in 94 per cent. However, in 23 of 43 patients (53 per cent) with previous negative digitally guided biopsies, ultrasound guided biopsies made the new diagnosis of cancer. Complications, including post-biopsy fever and bleeding, occurred in 6 of 251 patients (2.4 per cent). The combination of the new spring-loaded biopsy guns and transrectal ultrasound guidance of biopsies provides the urologist with a tool that allows multiple prostate cores to be obtained safely and painlessly, reducing the sampling error and increasing the accuracy in diagnosing prostate cancer in the man with a palpable abnormality of the prostate.     

经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的临床分析

目的 探讨经直肠前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的临床价值.方法 194例前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)升高或直肠指诊阳性或经直肠前列腺超声发现可疑结节的患者,行超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检.结果 194例患者中前列腺癌患者51例,前列腺增生患者87例,前列腺炎患者14例,前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)患者36例,前列腺梗死患者6例.有38例出现一过性肉眼血尿,血便20例;发热16例;败血症5例;无血精、前列腺脓肿等并发症发生.结论 经直肠前列腺穿刺活检是一种安全的方法,有助于提高前列腺癌的早期诊断及前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断.

Abstract：

Obiectives To explore the clinical value of ultrasound guided transrectal prostate biopsy for diagnosing prostate carcinoma.Methods Systemic biopsy were performed on 194 patients who had normal level of prostate specific antigen (PSA)or who had prostate nodules by digital rectal examination or on ultrasound.Results Prostate carcinoma were detected in 51 cases;Benign prostatic hyperplasia 87 cases;prostatitis 14 cases;Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 36 cases;Prostatic infarction 6 cases.38 patients had transient gross hematuria,20 patients had hematochezia;fever was seen in 16 patients;5 patients got Sepsis;there were no hematospermia,prostate abscess and other complications occurred.Conclusions Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Biopsy can increase the cancer early detection and in diffematiul diagnosis with other prostate disease.It is safe and efficacioious.     

Transperineal magnetic resonance image guided prostate biopsy

PURPOSE: We report the findings of a transperineal magnetic resonance image (MRI) guided biopsy of the prostate in a man with increasing prostate specific antigen who was not a candidate for a transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an open configuration 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and pelvic coil, a random sextant sample was obtained under real time MRI guidance from the peripheral zone of the prostate gland as well as a single core from each MRI defined lesion. The patient had previously undergone proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and, therefore, was not a candidate for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Prior attempts to make the diagnosis of prostate cancer using a transurethral approach were unsuccessful. RESULTS: The random sextant samples contained benign prostatic hyperplasia, whereas Gleason grade 3 + 3 = 6 adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 15% and 25% of the 2 cores obtained from the MRI targeted specimens of 2 defined lesions. The procedure was well tolerated by the patient. CONCLUSIONS: Transperineal MRI guided biopsy is a new technique that may be useful in detecting prostate cancer in men with increasing prostate specific antigen who are not candidates for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy.