基层医院开展冠状动脉内支架术治疗冠心病的体会

目的：探讨基层医院开展冠状动脉支架植入术治疗冠心病的成功经验。方法：选择冠状动脉造影阳性的33例患，男24例，女9例，年龄38－77岁，平均62．3岁，全部病例术前均有心肌缺血及不同程度心绞痛。术前33例冠状动脉造影显单支病变20例，多支病变13例（其中3支病变3例）。病变长度1．2cm－3.8cm，狭窄形态多表现为不规则、偏心性、部分有索条状钙化、血栓及溃疡形成。狭窄程度为85％－100％。3例急性心肌梗死患急诊做冠状动脉造影都显示左前降支闭塞。植入支架前1－2d患口服抵克力得和阿司匹林联合抗凝，术中肝素化，胺PTCA和支架手术程序进行操作。结果：33例37支冠状动脉病变植入49只支架，其中植入左前降支21只，右冠状动脉4只，左回旋支12只。33例全部一次植入成功，支架植入后经冠状动脉造影证实狭窄消失，效果良好，其中3例急性心肌梗死急诊植入支架后，病情转危为安。结论冠状动脉内支架植入术是治疗冠心病的一种效果良好的介入性治疗技术，在基层医院也能安全地开展。     

120例冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨冠心病病人冠状动脉病变部位、程度，并对冠脉造影表现与年龄、临床特征之间的关系进行分析，评估冠脉造影价值和介入治疗对冠状动脉狭窄病人的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析120例冠状动脉造影的影像表现、年龄分布及临床特征，并观察经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张成形术(PTCA)及支架植入后血供改变情况。结果：120例冠状动脉造影有阳性改变者74例(61．7％)，受累靶血管145支，其中前降支62支(42．8％)，回旋支35支(24．1％)，右冠42支(29．0%)，重度以上狭窄124支(85．5％)。老年人冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度及多支病变狭窄的发生率较中青年人明显增加。心肌梗塞组(A组)阳性率90．0％，心绞痛组(B组)67．6％，胸痛 心电图缺血组(C组)16．7％，狭窄血管经PTCA及支架植入后血供明显改善。结论：冠状动脉造影是诊断冠心病的金标准，可以明确诊断冠心病。老年患者有典型临床症状，冠状动脉狭窄一般较为严重，经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术是治疗冠心病的有效方法。     

Duke评分在冠状动脉病变程度预测中的价值研究

目的探讨平板运动试验评分即Duke评分（DTS）在冠状动脉病变程度预测中的价值。方法对179例先后接受平板运动试验（TET）和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查病例的临床和心电图资料分析，揭示Duke评分和冠状动脉病变程厦的相关性。结果低危Duke评分组38例无〉75％狭窄，5例1支血管〉75％狭窄，7例2支血管〉75％狭窄或前降支病变，2例3支血管〉75％狭窄或左主干病变；中危Duke评分组18例无〉75％狭窄，11例1支血管〉75％狭窄，41例2支血管〉75％狭窄或前降支病变，7例3支血管〉75％狭窄或左主干病变；高危13uke评分组2例无〉75％狭窄，2例1支血管〉75％狭窄，19例2支血管〉75％狭窄或前降支病变，27例3支血管〉75％狭窄或左主干病变。Duke评分与冠脉病变的严重程度和范围呈明显相关性（P〈0．01）。结论Duke评分对冠脉病变的严重程度和范围具有一定的预测价值。     

冠心病经皮冠状动脉内成形术的临床应用

目的：观察心绞痛、心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉内成形术（PTCA）的安全性和有效性。方法：不稳定型心绞痛3例,急性心肌梗死2例。其中病变血管6支,回旋支远端狭窄1例,左前降支完全闭塞1例,左前降支近端狭窄3例（其中1例合并右冠状动脉中段狭窄）。分别行PTCA或PTCA加支架术。结果：PTCA成功4例,失败1例。PTCA后有3例发现内膜撕裂和血管壁塌陷,随即行支架植入。术前急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验（TIMI）血流0－1级,术后均恢复TIMI血流3级。术后随访1－3个月,患者均无心绞痛发作。结论：PTCA和支架植入,是冠状血管再通安全而有效的方法。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术4例报告

2例右冠状动脉、1例左前降支及1例回旋支病变的冠心病患者行冠状动脉内支架植入术，术后冠脉狭窄消失，疗效满意。     

心电图正常的冠心病心绞痛患者冠状动脉造影特征分析

【目的】分析心电图正常的冠心病心绞痛患者的冠状动脉造影特点,以提高临床诊断技术。【方法】对本院120例心电图检查正常的冠心病心绞痛患者行冠脉动脉造影检查,分析其特点。【结果】冠脉动脉造影检查示患者均有不同程度的冠脉狭窄,其中,10例为单纯左主干狭窄病变占8．4％（10/120）;43例为单支血管病变,占35．8％（43/120）,以前降支者多见,占15．8％（19/120）;67例为2～3支血管病变,占55．8％（67/120）,前降支和右冠脉者占28．3％（34/120）。【结论】冠状动脉造影有助于冠心病心绞痛患者早期诊断,对于指导早期治疗具有较大的临床意义。     

心电图正常的冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点

目的：探讨心电图正常的冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点。方法：对280例静息心电图正常的冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析。结果：冠脉造影显示，3支血管病变者94例，占33．6％；2支血管病变者132例，占47．1％；2～3支血管病变者226例，占80．7％；单支血管病变者54例，占19．3％。结论：冠心病心绞痛患者冠脉2～3支血管病变者心电图正常，与血管狭窄部位相互对应有关；单支血管病变与狭窄程度较轻有关。对有心前区不适的患者，不能仅凭心电图轻易否定冠心病诊断，应尽早行冠脉造影，以便早期诊治。     

经皮冠状动脉气囊成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术的临床应用

为总结冠状动脉气囊成形术(PTCA)和冠状动脉内支架植入术(CASI)的临床应用经验,提高对手术并发症的认识和处理,回顾性分析我院88例冠心病患者108支血管PICA和CASI术的结果,88例患者108支血管,PTCA成功85例(105支血管),病例成功率96.6％,病变成功率97.2％,PTCA不成功的3例病变血管均为前降支完全慢性闭塞性病变,导丝不能通过。血管发生严重内膜撕裂或夹层形成25支,均经植入支架后消失。共植入支架92个,其中PTCA效果不满意30个;疗效满意的62例中,首次介入治疗时植入35个,PTCA并发严重夹层或急性闭塞或频临闭塞时植入支架25个,直接植入2个。植入单个73例、2个8例、3个1例。同一支血管最多植入2个支架共5例。10个支架植入后出现近端或远端血管痉挛,2例并发新的夹层,无死亡、急性心肌梗死和紧急冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)等并发症发生。经1～20月随访,2例单纯PTCA和3例植入支架者心绞痛复发。提示PTCA是一有效而安全的冠心病治疗方法,CASI术可提高冠心病介入治疗的成功率和安全性。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病

目的 评价冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病的效果。方法 ２７例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者中４例行直接支架植入术,２３例行常规方法支架植入术。结果 ２７例患者２８处病变血管植入３１只支架。在未经介入治疗的病变血管植入支架（ＤｅＮｏｖｏ ｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ）１９只,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）结果不理想植入支架（Ｓｕｂｏｐｔｉｎａｌ ｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ）８只,ＰＴＣＡ并发夹层、内膜撕裂和濒临闭塞时植入支架（     

冠状动脉内支架的临床应用价值

目的了解冠状动脉内支架（ＩＣＳ）的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院近七个月来ＩＣＳ应用情况，经临床随访，观察ＩＣＳ置入术后再狭窄。结果１２例冠心病患者接受ＩＣＳ置入术，１３枚支架置入１３支病变的冠状动脉，其中左前降支占３０．７％，左回旋支占７．６９％，右冠状动脉占６１．５４％。手术成功率１００％，血管狭窄程度由术前的８８．７±８．６％降至１０．７±８．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１％），平均最小血管直径由０．４１±０．２６ｍｍ增至２．８７±０．２１ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１），无严重并发症。平均临床随访４个月，无再狭窄表现。结论ＩＣＳ置入可以减少经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后的再狭窄率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.