手术学实验用犬两种麻醉方法的比较分析

目的观察速眠新与戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉对外科手术实验用杂种犬的麻醉效果。方法联合用药组：成年健康杂种犬,雌雄兼用,同侧颈部不同部位肌肉内同时注射麻醉（60只）和单纯氯胺酮麻醉（60只）为对照。结果联合用药组的诱导期短,麻醉维持时间长,术中麻药追加次数少。对照组麻醉维持时间短,术中麻药追加次数不定。结论戊巴比妥钠与速眠新复合麻醉协同作用好,适合需要连续处理多个动物的外科实验和实验时间较长的动物外科教学,是一种较理想的实验动物麻醉方法。     

速眠新复合麻醉对外科手术实验用犬的效果观察

目的观察速眠新与戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉对外科手术实验用杂种犬的麻醉效果。方法成年健康杂种犬60只，雌雄兼用，肌内注射麻醉。结果速眠新与戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉用药量比推荐剂量少，平均麻醉诱导期6min，麻醉维持时间270min。速眠新有较好的镇静、镇痛和肌肉松弛作用，复合麻醉使速眠新效果更佳，诱导期短，维持时间长，复苏较快。结论速眠新与戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉适合动物实验时间较长的手术，是一种较理想的实验动物麻醉方法。     

戊巴比妥钠与速眠新和戊巴比妥钠对家犬麻醉效果的比较

目的:比较戊巴比妥钠与速眠新和戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉对家犬的麻醉效果。方法:成年家犬136条,分成单纯戊巴比妥钠麻醉组、速眠新和戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉组,戊巴比妥钠采用腹腔麻醉,速眠新采用肌肉麻醉。结果:戊巴比妥钠麻醉起效时间为18±2.2 min,复合麻醉组起效时间为3.8±1.2 min,维持时间长,麻醉效果好,诱导期和复苏期无明显兴奋现象。结论:速眠新和戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉适合于实验时间较长的家犬麻醉,起效快,维持时间长,效果稳定,是一种较理想的实验动物麻醉方法。     

复合麻醉在犬颜面移植术中效果观察

目的观察复合麻醉在犬同种异体颜面部复合组织移植术中的麻醉效果。方法以比格犬为实验动物,以氯胺酮诱导麻醉,3%戊巴比妥钠和速眠新维持麻醉,术野采用0.5%的利多卡因浸润麻醉,观察比格犬麻醉后诱导期、麻醉期和苏醒期的表现。结果复合麻醉用量比推荐剂量少,比格犬在实验中麻醉效果好,诱导期短,氯胺酮的诱导期为(3.7±2.4)min,戊巴比妥钠和速眠新复合麻醉后,诱导期为(3.2±2.5)min,麻醉维持时间约100min,苏醒快,平均约10min。结论氯胺酮、速眠新、戊巴比妥钠和利多卡因复合麻醉进行犬颜面部同种异体复合组织移植手术,麻醉用药剂量小,且安全有效。     

速眠新Ⅱ联用安定在Beagle犬牙周手术中麻醉效果安全性的初步观察

目的:观察速眠新Ⅱ与安定复合麻醉对牙周手术实验中Beagle犬的麻醉效果以资参考.方法:成年健康雄性Beagle犬,按速眠新Ⅱ0.05、0.1、0.15ml/kg辅以安定0.3ml的剂量,臀部肌内注射(联合用药组),追加剂量为首次用量的1/2.单纯速眠新Ⅱ按0.05、0.1、0.15 ml/kg的剂量为对照,追加次数视情况而定.比较各组Beagle犬麻醉诱导期、初次麻醉维持时间及麻醉后不良反应的差别.结果:联合用药组各剂量诱导期分别为(11.00±1.41)min、(9.00±0.82)min、(12.75±0.50)min,初次麻醉维持时间分别为(29.75±6.65)min、(46.00 ±5.29)min、(45.25 ±6.02)min,术中追加1次可再延长麻醉维持时间分别为(38.75±3.50)min、(45.25±4.03)min、(37.25±2.75)min.单纯速眠新Ⅱ的麻醉诱导期分别为(15.75±2.50)min、(14.25±2.99)min、(14.50 ±2.08)min,初次麻醉维持时间分别为(20.75±5.19)min、(20.5±3.42)min、(22.25±5.19)min,术中麻药追加次数不定,实验犬死亡数为2只.联合用药组与单纯速眠新Ⅱ各组间诱导期经t检验.速眠新Ⅱ0.1 ml/kg辅以安定0.3 ml的剂量(P<0.05),联合用药组与单纯速眠新Ⅱ的初次麻醉维持时间经t检验(P<0.05).结论:速眠新Ⅱ0.1 ml/kg辅以安定0.3ml的剂量复合麻醉时协同效果比单用速眠新Ⅱ更满意,术后苏醒快,可靠性高,不良反应少,利于较长的Beagle犬牙周手术实验.     

戊巴比妥钠联合速眠新Ⅱ在犬手术中的麻醉效果

目的观察联合应用戊巴比妥钠和速眠新Ⅱ注射液合剂在动物犬手术中的麻醉效果,探讨经济有效的动物麻醉方法。方法选用手术用杂种犬78只,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用速眠新Ⅱ注射液合剂按体质量0.1 ml/kg臀部肌注,联合3%戊巴比妥钠生理盐水溶液按体质量0.2 ml/kg静脉注射麻醉;对照组使用3%戊巴比妥钠按体质量1 ml/kg静脉麻醉。观察比较两组犬只麻醉效果、麻醉诱导期、麻醉用药剂量、首次麻醉维持时间、苏醒时间、麻醉并发症等情况。结果两组患者在麻醉效果、麻醉诱导期、麻醉用药剂量、首次麻醉维持时间比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,而在麻醉并发症和苏醒时间等方面无统计学差异。结论戊巴比妥钠联合速眠新Ⅱ注射液合剂麻醉效果好,使用剂量也较单一使用戊巴比妥钠降低,是一种理想的麻醉方法。     

引入速眠新Ⅱ对戊巴比妥麻醉效果的改进

目的:观察速眠新Ⅱ的麻醉效果,改进现有戊巴比妥钠麻醉方法的不足。方法:健康杂种犬随机分两组,一组以单纯戊巴比妥钠按3%浓度以1 mL/kg腹腔注射,另一组先以速眠新Ⅱ0.04 mL/kg静脉注射,固定后再注射戊巴比妥钠(3%,0.5 mL/kg)。结果:复合组在麻醉时间不变的前提下,麻醉诱导期,麻醉死亡率,麻醉稳定性均好于单纯麻醉组。结论:此方法能显著改进实验动物麻醉效果。     

小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉效果观测

目的 研究速眠新Ⅱ和戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉法,对小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉效果,探讨小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物安全、可靠的麻醉方法。 方法 采用速眠新Ⅱ(0.1 ml/Kg)肌肉注射和3％戊巴比妥钠生理盐水溶液(0.2 ml/Kg)静脉注射联合麻醉法对12只小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物进行麻醉,观察动物的基础生理指标、生物反射指标、镇静、镇痛和肌松效果、以及麻醉维持时间。 结果 静脉注射麻醉后15 min之内,所有小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的眼睑反射、角膜反射和肛门反射均消失、进入良好的镇静、镇痛和肌松状态,并持续至75 min;诱导期为（6.22±0.84）min,麻醉期为（79.9±3.6）min,苏醒期为（66.1±3.7）min,提供了长达80 min的良好麻醉时间。 结论 肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ和静脉注射戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉法,对小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉,具有操作简便、镇静、镇痛、肌松效果好、用药量小、安全可靠等优点,是一种较为理想的麻醉方法。     

4 种麻醉药物对家兔手术的麻醉效果比较

目的 比较乌拉坦、戊巴比妥钠、异丙酚、硫喷妥钠4 种麻醉药物对实验家兔外科手术的麻醉效果。 方法 将12 只健康的实验家兔分为4 组,每组3 只,分别经耳缘静脉缓慢推注乌拉坦（20.0%,4 ml/kg）、戊 巴比妥钠（0.7%,1 ml/kg）、异丙酚（1.0%,1 ml/kg）、硫喷妥钠（2.5%,0.6 ml/kg）。记录各组呼吸频率、心 率、麻醉起效时间、麻醉维持时间、麻醉苏醒时间,并进行比较。结果 乌拉坦组、戊巴比妥钠组、异丙酚组、 硫喷妥钠组的麻醉起效时间分别为（6.4±0.8）、（9.0±0.6）、（7.7±0.3）和（3.1±0.5）min,麻醉维持时间分 别为（32.2±3.7）、（40.1±6.5）、（43.4±3.9）和（30.6±3.7）min,术后苏醒时间依次为（25.2±3.7）、（13.6±6.4）、 （12.1±3.9）、（5.1±1.4）min。结论 采用2.5% 硫喷妥钠对实验家兔进行麻醉起效最快;1.0% 异丙酚麻醉时 间最长,适用于较长时间观察的动物实验;20.0% 乌拉坦麻醉维持时间长,术后死亡率高,适用于实验要求不高, 术后要处死动物的实验。     

戊巴比妥钠联用速眠新Ⅱ对西藏小型猪麻醉效果观察

目的观察联合应用速眠新Ⅱ和戊巴比妥钠对西藏小型猪的麻醉效果。方法采用速眠新Ⅱ（0.1mL/kg）肌内注射和3%戊巴比妥钠生理盐水溶液（0.2 mL/kg）静脉注射联合麻醉方法对15头行胚胎移植术的西藏小型猪进行麻醉,观察动物麻醉维持时间、镇痛效果、呼吸频率和心率变化及术后苏醒情况。结果80%（12头/15头）西藏小型猪初始量麻醉状态维持45 min以上,20%（3头/15头）西藏小型猪手术过程中追加麻醉。麻醉期间肌肉松弛效果好,动物呼吸和心率平稳。手术过程中西藏小型猪呼吸频率为（12-22）次/min,心率为（63-85）次/min,麻醉过程中未出现麻醉死亡,术后苏醒时间为30-60 min。结论速眠新和戊巴比妥钠混合麻醉效果好,且麻醉剂量较以往大幅减少,术后苏醒快。戊巴比妥钠联用速眠新复合麻醉对西藏小型猪是一种较理想的麻醉方法,且动物麻醉安全性高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.