共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Background
Recent data indicate increasing rates of adult obesity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Greece. No data, however, are available on prevalence of overweight and obesity in relation to CVD risk factors among young adults in Greece.Methods
A total of 989 third-year medical students (527 men, 462 women), aged 22 ± 2 years, were recruited from the University of Crete during the period 1989–2001. Anthropometric measures and blood chemistries were obtained. The relationships between obesity indices (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio [WHpR], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and CVD risk factor variables (blood pressure, glucose, serum lipoproteins) were investigated.Results
Approximately 40% of men and 23% of women had BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Central obesity was found in 33.4% (average percentage corresponding to WC ≥ 90 cm, WHpR ≥ 0.9 and WHtR ≥ 50.0) of male and 21.7% (using WC ≥ 80 cm, WHpR ≥ 0.8, WHtR ≥ 50.0) of female students. Subjects above the obesity indices cut-offs had significantly higher values of CVD risk factor variables. BMI was the strongest predictor of hypertension. WHtR in men and WC in women were the most important indicators of dyslipidaemia.Conclusion
A substantial proportion of Greek medical students were overweight or obese, obesity status being related to the presence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Simple anthropometric indices can be used to identify these CVD risk factors. Our results underscore the need to implement health promotion programmes and perform large-scale epidemiological studies within the general Greek young adult population.2.
Mohammadreza Bozorgmanesh Farzad Hadaegh Fereidoun Azizi 《Lipids in health and disease》2010,9(1):100
Background
The body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used marker for evaluating obesity related risks, however, central obesity measures have been proposed to be more informative. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an alternative continuous index of lipid accumulation, which is computed from waist circumference (WC, cm) and triglycerides (TGs, mmol/l): (WC-65) ×TG (men) and (WC-58) ×TG (women). We sought in this study to assess if LAP can outperform BMI, waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR), or waist-to-hip-ratio (WHpR) in identifying prevalent and predicting incident diabetes. 相似文献3.
Obesity and lipid-related parameters for predicting metabolic syndrome in Chinese elderly population
Zhan Gu Ping Zhu Qiao Wang Huayu He Jingjuan Xu Li Zhang Dong Li Jianying Wang Xiaojuan Hu Guang Ji Lei Zhang Baocheng Liu 《Lipids in health and disease》2018,17(1):289
Background
The present study evaluated the predictive ability of five known “best” obesity and lipid-related parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), triglyceride-to-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in identifying metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese elderly population.Methods
A total of 6722 elderly Chinese subjects (≥60?years) were recruited into our community-based cross-sectional study from April 2015 to July 2017. The anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, blood lipid profiles, family history and health-related behaviours were assessed.Results
The prevalence of MetS was 40.4% (32.5% in males and 47.2% in females). With the increase in the number of MetS components (from 0 to 5), all the five parameters showed an increase trend in both genders (all P for trend <?0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses, all the five parameters performed high predictive value in identifying MetS. The statistical significance of the areas under the curves (AUCs) differences suggested that the AUCs of LAP were the greatest among others in both genders (AUCs were 0.897 in males and 0.875 in females). The optimal cut-off values of LAP were 26.35 in males and 31.04 in females. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, LAP was strongly associated with the odds of having MetS in both genders, and ORs for MetS increased across quartiles using multivariate logistic regression analysis (P?<?0.001).Conclusion
LAP appeared to be a superior parameter for predicting MetS in both Chinese elderly males and females, better than VAI, TG/HDL-C, WHtR and BMI.4.
C. N. David Renato Bandeira de Mello N. M. Bruscato E. H. Moriguchi 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(5):597-603
Objective
To evaluate the association between overweight and abdominal obesity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly aged 80 and over.Design
A prospective cohort study.Setting
A population-based study of community-dwelling very elderly adults in a city in southern Brazil.Participants
236 very elderly adults, number that represents 85% of the population aged 80 and over living in the city in the period (mean age 83.4 ± 3.2).Measurements
Overweight and abdominal obesity were assessed using recommended cut-off points for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR). The association between these anthropometric measurements and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were independently estimated by Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan-Meier was used to assess survival time.Results
Increased WC (>80cm F and >94cm M) and WHtR (>0.53 F and >0.52 M) were associated with lower all-cause mortality, but only WHtR remained associated even after controlling for residual confounding (HR 0.55 CI95% 0.36-0.84; p<0.001). Additionally increased WC was independently associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases (HR 0.57 CI95% 0.34-0.95; p<0.030). BMI and WHR did not show significant independent association with mortality in the main analysis.Conclusion
Greater abdominal fat accumulation, as estimated by WC and WHtR, presented an association with lower allcause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly aged 80 and over, but not by BMI and WHR.5.
H. Hu J. Wang X. Han Y. Li F. Wang J. Yuan X. Miao H. Yang Meian He 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(8):975-981
Objective
To investigate the association of obesity and all-cause mortality in a sample of middle-aged and elderly population.Design and Setting
Information of participants was collected in the Dongfeng-Tongji study, a perspective cohort study of Chinese occupational population. The main outcome was risk of death after 8.5 years of follow-up.Participants and measurements
We examined the association of BMI, waist circumference (WC, and waist–height ratio (WHtR) with all-cause mortality in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study (n=26,143). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to calculate the power of prediction models.Results
During a mean of 8.5 years of follow-up, 2,246 deaths were identified. There is a U-shaped association of BMI with all-cause mortality in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Compared with individuals with normal BMI, underweight was positively (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.69) while overweight (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84) and obesity (HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79) were negatively associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for potential confounders including WC. In contrast, WC (Q5 vs. Q1, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.86) and WHtR (Q5 vs.Q1, HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.04) were positively associated with mortality after further adjustment for BMI (P trend < 0.001). Addition of both BMI and WC into the all-cause mortality predictive model significantly increased AUC (P =0.0002) and NRI (NRI = 2.57%, P = 0.0007).Conclusions
BMI and WC/WHtR were independently associated with all-cause mortality after mutual adjustment. Combination of BMI and WC/WHtR improved the predictive ability of all-cause mortality risk in the middle-aged and elderly population.6.
Yaoyue Hu S. Malyutina H. Pikhart A. Peasey M. V. Holmes J. Hubacek D. Denisova Y. Nikitin M. Bobak 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(4):381-388
Objective
To investigate the associations of overweight and obesity with longitudinal decline in physical functioning (PF) among middle-aged and older Russians.Design
Prospective cohort study.Setting
Four rounds of data collection in the Russian Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe study with up to 10 years of follow-up.Participants
9,222 men and women aged 45-69 years randomly selected from the population of two districts of Novosibirsk, Russia.Measurements
PF score (range 0-100) was measured by the Physical Functioning Subscale (PF-10) of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline and three subsequent occasions. Body mass index (BMI), derived from objectively measured body height and weight at baseline, was classified into normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.9), and obesity class II+ (BMI≥35.0).Results
The mean annual decline in the PF score during the follow-up was -1.92 (95% confidence interval -2.17; -1.68) in men and -1.91 (-2.13; -1.68) in women. At baseline, compared with normal weight, obesity classes I and II+ (but not overweight) were associated with significantly lower PF in both sexes. In prospective analyses, the decline in PF was faster in overweight men (difference from normal weight subjects -0.38 [-0.63; -0.14]), class I obese men and women (-0.49 [-0.82; -0.17] and -0.44 [-0.73; -0.15] respectively) and class II+ obese men and women (-1.13 [-1.73; -0.53] and -0.43 [-0.77; -0.09] respectively). Adjustment for physical activity and other covariates did not materially change the results.Conclusions
PF decreased more rapidly in obese men and women than among those with normal weight. The adverse effect of high BMI on PF trajectories appeared to be more pronounced in men than in women, making more extremely obese Russian men an important target population to prevent/slow down the process of decline in PF.7.
Objectives
To identify the relationship between diet-related indicators and overweight and obesity in older adults in rural Japan.Design
Cross-sectional survey.Setting
Obira, Hokkaido, Japan.Participants
Local residents aged between 65 and 74 years, except for those with poor health, were included.Intervention
A health- and diet-related questionnaire was applied to participants house-to-house by trained health professionals.Measurements
The following indicators were examined: number of meals, number of balanced meals, food diversity, food group diversity, chewing ability, alcohol intake habit, smoking habit, instrumental activities of daily living scores, age, and residing alone or with family.Results
Of 550 residents, 317 residents completely responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 41 were had low body mass index (BMI≤20) and were excluded. This resulted in a sample of 307 subjects comprising 117 men and 190 women; 37.6% and 46.8% of men and women were classified as obese (BMI≥25), respectively. Women with a normal BMI (20<BMI<25) had significantly higher food diversity in diet-related indicators compared with women with high BMI. The mean number of meals per day of normal men was significantly higher than of obese men. Using logistic regression analysis (stepwise), it was found that the number of meals per day was associated with obesity in men (OR=3.02; 95% CI 0.91–9.98; P=0.071), and food diversity was significantly associated with obesity in women (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.12–3.38; P=0.018).Conclusions
The associations between dietary indicators and obesity differed by sex. Food diversity may be a potential indicator to measure nutritional status in women.8.
Eman Sameh Mohammed Mostafa Ehab Salah Eshak Amany Edward Seedhom Eman Ramadan Ghazawy 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(6):625-630
Aim
Body dissatisfaction is an important component of a variety of prevalent health problems. This study aimed to assess the media influences on body dissatisfaction among female college students.Subjects and methods
This study included a sample of 408 adolescent females who were chosen randomly from Minia University and completed a survey using the the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale (SATAQ-4) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in the period from 1 March to 1 April 2017. In addition, their body mass index (BMI) was measured.Results
It was found that adolescents who showed marked concern with body shape had higher SATAQ-4 scores. The independent variables (BMI, SATAQ total score and its subscales) explained 58% of the variance in body shape dissatisfaction. The most significant predictors of body dissatisfaction were BMI and subjective feelings of media pressure to have an ideal appearance (β?=?0.38 and 0.31, respectively).Conclusion
There was a relation between media influence and body dissatisfaction in this sample of Egyptian female students. Media literacy training could represent a promising approach to eating and body disturbance prevention.9.
Jenni?Lehtisalo J.?Lindstr?m T.?Ngandu M.?Kivipelto S.?Ahtiluoto P.?Ilanne-Parikka S.?Kein?nen-Kiukaanniemi J.?G.?Eriksson J.?Tuomilehto J.?Luchsinger For The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(2):146-154
Objectives
To investigate associations of long-term nutrient intake, physical activity and obesity with later cognitive function among the participants in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, in which a lifestyle intervention was successful in diabetes prevention.Design
An active lifestyle intervention phase during middle age (mean duration 4 years) and extended follow-up (additional 9 years) with annual lifestyle measurements, followed by an ancillary cognition assessment.Setting
5 research centers in Finland.Participants
Of the 522 middle-aged, overweight participants with impaired glucose tolerance recruited to the study, 364 (70%) participated in the cognition assessment (mean age 68 years).Measurements
A cognitive assessment was executed with the CERAD test battery and the Trail Making Test A on average 13 years after baseline. Lifestyle measurements included annual clinical measurements, food records, and exercise questionnaires during both the intervention and follow-up phase.Results
Lower intake of total fat (p=0.021) and saturated fatty acids (p=0.010), and frequent physical activity (p=0.040) during the whole study period were associated with better cognitive performance. Higher BMI (p=0.012) and waist circumference (p=0.012) were also associated with worse performance, but weight reduction prior to the cognition assessment predicted worse performance as well (decrease vs. increase, p=0.008 for BMI and p=0.002 for waist).Conclusions
Long-term dietary fat intake, BMI, and waist circumference have an inverse association with cognitive function in later life among people with IGT. However, decreases in BMI and waist prior to cognitive assessment are associated with worse cognitive performance, which could be explained by reverse causality.10.
Y. Liu J. Huang G. Xu S. He J. Zhang X. Wang Hui Cai Yi Shen 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(5):574-582
Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate MS prevalence according to three criteria and its risk factors among men in rural China.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
The Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study (NMSS) was conducted during 2007–2008 in Nantong, China.Participants
6997 male participants aged 18–74 years.Measurements
In person interviews, blood glucose and lipid measurements were accomplished.Results
The prevalence of MS was 12.86%, 8.55% and 15.28% according to IDF, ATPIII and ATPIII-modified criteria, respectively. The IDF and ATP III–modified criteria agreed only moderately with ATP III criteria (?= 0.56 and 0.68), whereas ATP III–modified and the IDF criteria agreed perfectly (?= 0.90). Vigorous occupational physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of MS with Odds ratio (OR) of 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-0.74). Beer drinkers (alcohol ≤ 6.2 g/day) and rice wine drinkers (alcohol ≤ 9.0 g/day) had about 34% and 33% low risks of developing MS respectively, compared with non-drinkers. OR of MS was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.39-2.73) in men who had familial history of at least two diseases, including hypertension and diabetes, compared with men without familial history of those diseases.Conclusions
Our data suggested that MS is highly prevalent among men in rural China. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is a risk factor in MS development. Physical activity, rice wine and beer consumption are associated with a significantly lower risk.11.
Midori Ishikawa T. Yokoyama N. Murayama 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(10):1095-1101
Objective
The objective of this study was to identify lifestyle and nutritional factors associated with low BMI in Japanese older adults, with a focus on alcohol energy intake.Design
Cross-sectional study. Participants: Data from 1,093 respondents (711 men and 382 women) to the National Health and Nutrition Survey aged 65 years and older were included in this study.Measurements
Data were analyzed for associations between BMI and lifestyle, energy, and nutrient intake. Alcohol energy intake was calculated from total energy and participants were categorized into BMI quartiles. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were calculated as residuals from a regression model, with BMI as the independent variable and lifestyle factors and nutrient intake as dependent variables. Between-BMI quartile differences were assessed for each sex using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, the nutrient intakes of men consuming more than 280 kcal and less than 280 kcal of alcohol energy per day were compared.Results
Men and women in the lowest BMI quartile had lower total energy intake but higher alcohol energy intake than men in the other BMI quartiles. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lowest BMI quartile was associated with total energy (OR: 0.81, p = 0.0310) and alcohol energy intake (OR: 1.22, p = 0.0472) in men. In men, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, iron, and vitamin intakes were less in those that consumed ≥ 280 kcal than in those that consumed < 280 kcal of alcohol per day.Conclusion
Our results demonstrate an association between alcohol energy intake and low BMI in older Japanese individuals.12.
S. Pohlhausen K. Uhlig E. Kiesswetter R. Diekmann H. Heseker D. Volkert P. Stehle Stephanie Lesser 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(3):361-368
Objective
To date, no study has examined the nutritional status and disease burden of elderly home-care receivers living in Germany. Aim of this cross-sectional study was, first, to assess disease burden and nutritional status, denoted in anthropometrics, and, second, to investigate associations between anthropometrics and disease burden.Design
Cross-sectional multi-centre study.Setting
Home-care receivers living in three urban areas of Germany in 2010.Participants
353 elderly (>64 years) in home care (128 males aged 79.1 ±7.8 years, 225 females aged 82.0 ±7.5 years).Measurements
Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC). Medical conditions were assessed in personal interviews. A 3-day prospective nutrition diary was kept. Metric data are reported as mean±SD or median (interquartile range), p<0.05 was considered significant.Results
Most participants were substantially (59%), and 11% severest in need of care. The seniors suffered from 5 (4–7) chronic diseases; dementia, depression, stroke, and respiratory illness were most prevalent (each 20–40%). More than one-third of participants had only moderate or poor appetite, nearly half were unable to eat independently. Chewing problems were reported for 52% of study participants, and more than one quarter of elderly had swallowing problems. Daily mean energy intake was 2017±528 kcal in men (n=123) and 1731±451 kcal in women (n=216; p<0.001). Mean protein intake amounted to 1.0 g/kg body weight. Mean BMI was 28.2±6.2 kg/m2 (n=341), 14% of seniors had a BMI <22 kg/m2 (including 4% with BMI <20 kg/m2). Critical MUAC (<22 cm) was indicated in 6% of subjects; and CC <31 cm in 11% of men, 21% of women (p<0.05). After adjusting for sex and age, BMI, MUAC and CC were negatively associated with high care level, hospitalization in the previous year, nausea/vomiting, prevalence of dementia, poor appetite, and eating difficulties like dependency, chewing and swallowing problems.Conclusion
We recommend to pay special attention to the nutritional status of elderly persons in home-care exhibiting named disease burden.13.
Nadia Danon-Hersch S. Fustinoni P. Bovet J. Spagnoli B. Santos-Eggimann 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(7):799-810
Objectives
To examine the longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with mortality and incident disability in Lc65+ cohort.Design
Population-based cohort of non-institutionalized adults with up to 8.9 years of follow-up.Setting
City of Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants
1,293 individuals aged 65 to 70 at baseline (58% women).Measurements
BMI, WC and covariates were measured at baseline in 2004-2005. Vital status was obtained up to the 31st December 2013 and difficulty with basic activities of daily living (BADL) was reported in a self-administered questionnaire sent to participants every year. Main outcomes were total mortality and disability, defined as difficulty with BADL for ≥2 years or institutionalization. Cox regression was used with BMI/WC quintiles 2 as the reference.Results
130 persons died over a median follow-up of 8.47 years (crude mortality rate, men: 16.5/1,000 person-years, women: 9.7/1,000 person-years). In Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, education, financial situation, smoking and involuntary weight loss (IWL) at baseline, mortality was significantly associated with neither BMI nor WC, but there were trends towards non-significant J-curves across both BMI and WC quintiles. Disability (231 cases) tended to increase monotonically across both BMI and WC quintiles and was significantly associated with BMI quintile 5 (HR=2.44, 95% CI [1.65-3.63]), and WC quintiles 4 (HR=1.81 [1.15-2.85]) and 5 (HR=2.58, [1.67-4.00]).Conclusion
Almost half of the study population had a substantially increased HR of disability, as compared to the reference BMI/WC categories. This observation emphasizes the need for life-long strategies aimed at preventing excess weight, muscle loss and functional decline through adequate nutrition and regular physical activity, starting at early age and extending throughout life.14.
Eleonora Poggiogalle C. Lubrano G. Sergi A. Coin L. Gnessi S. Mariani A. Lenzi L. M. Donini 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(9):958-963
Objectives
Recently metabolic aspects linked to sarcopenic obesity (SO) were investigated. Extant studies involved especially older people from Asian or White-mixed American cohorts. The aims of our study were: to explore the prevalence of sarcopenia in Caucasian adult obese subjects using two different indices of sarcopenia, and to investigate the relationship among SO, metabolic syndrome (MS), inflammation, and serum albumin concentrations.Design
Cross- sectional study.Subjects/methods
The study was performed from 2011 to 2014 in a hospitalized care setting. Inclusion criteria were: age>18 and <65 years, BMI=30 Kg/m2. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by DXA. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) was calculated. Sarcopenia was defined as ASMM/height2 or ASMM/weight <2SD than the sex-specific mean of a young population. The cutoffs were ASMM/h2<6.54 Kg/m2 for men and 4.82 Kg/m2 for women, and ASMM/weight<0.2827 for men and 0.2347 for women. ISI-Matsuda was calculated. MS was diagnosed (NCEP-ATPIII).Results
727 subjects (age: 45.72±13.56 years, BMI: 37.74±5.82 kg/m2) were enrolled. The prevalence of SO was 1.0% or 34.8% in men and 0.6% or 50.1% in women, using ASMM/height2 ratio or ASMM/weight. Subjects with SO based on ASMM/height2 were scarce, only data relying on ASMM/weight were considered. Subjects with SO had higher BMI, waist circumference, FM, and lower FFM and ASMM than nonsarcopenic obese individuals (all p<0.05). ISI-Matsuda was lower and hs-CRP levels were higher in subjects with SO (all p<0.05). MS was more prevalent in subjects with SO than nonsarcopenic obese subjects (47.6% vs 34.3%, p<0.001). ASMM/weight was decreased in subjects with MS (0.2522±0.0410 vs 0.2423±0.0352, p=0.001).Conclusion
SO is associated with MS and low- grade inflammation in adult Caucasian subjects. Metabolic profile evaluation should be recommended in subjects with SO.15.
Objectives
To compare the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults aged 35 to 74 years of the Turkish and Moroccan communities in Belgium with the prevalence in native Belgians. To examine the determinants and specific mechanisms responsible for differences in diabetes between these communities.Method
Both objectives were examined using the Health Interview Surveys of 1997, 2001 and 2004. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed with diabetes as the outcome variable. The variables 'age', 'sex', 'ethnic origin', 'body mass index', 'lack of physical activity', 'educational attainment' and 'income' were introduced in the model in consecutive steps.Results
In 35- to 74-year-olds, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher in Belgians of Tur-kish and Moroccan origin than in native Belgians. In native Belgian men, the prevalence amounts to 5.0%. In 35- to 74-year-old men of Turkish and Moroccan origin, the diabetes prevalence is 5.8% and 6.5% respectively. 4.3%, 18.7% and 11.9% of the women of Belgian, Turkish and Moroccan origin respectively suffer from diabetes. In men, differences in the prevalence of diabetes are strongly reduced after controlling for lack of physical activity and educational attainment. In women, differences remain high, although they become smaller after accounting for BMI and educational attainment.Conclusions
In men, the differences in diabetes prevalence are explained by lifestyle factors and educational attainment. In women, the community differences in diabetes prevalence persist, although lifestyle factors and educational attainment play an important part in understanding these differences.16.
D. Guido Simone Perna M. Carrai R. Barale M. Grassi M. Rondanelli 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(10):971-981
Objective
This study, by taking a holistic approach, investigates the relationships between taste, smell sensitivity and food preference with prognostic (endogenous and health) factors including age, gender, genetic taste markers, body mass, cigarette smoking, and number of drugs used.Design
Cross sectional study.Setting
Northern Italy.Participants
203 healthy subjects (160 women/43 men; mean age: 58.2±19.8 years) were examined.Measurements
Individual taste sensitivity was determined by saccharose, sodium chloride, acetic acid and caffeine solutions and by 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) responsiveness test. Olfactory sensitivity has been assessed by «Sniffin’ Sticks». Four tag Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regions of interest were genotyped. Factor analysis and multivariate regression were performed for scaling food preferences and screening prognostic factors, respectively.Results
Increasing age is associated with decreased responsiveness to NaCl (P=0.001), sweet solutions (P=0.044), and smell perception (P<0.001). Concerning the food preferences, elderly like the “vegetables” and “fruits” but dislike “spicy” more than younger. Regarding number of drugs taken, there is a significant negative effect on smell perception (P<0.001). In addition, drugs reduce both the “vegetables foods” score (P=0.002) and the “milk-product foods” score (P=0.027). With respect to Body Mass Index (BMI), only a significant effect was shown, on sweet perception (P=0.006). Variation in taste receptor genes can give rise to differential perception of sweet, acid and bitter tastes. No effect of gender and smoking was observed.Conclusions
Our study suggested that age, genetic markers, BMI and drugs use are the factors which affect taste and smell perception and food preferences.17.
Celia Monteagudo Sánchez S. C. Dijkstra M. Visser 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2015,19(6):612-618
Introduction: Objectives
The prevalence of obesity is highest in older persons and a correct self-perception of body weight status is necessary for optimal weight control. The aim of this study was to determine self-perception of, and satisfaction with, body weight status, and to compare current versus ideal body image in a large, nationally representative sample of older people. Furthermore, determinants of misperception were explored.Design
A cross-sectional study.Setting
The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), conducted in a population-based sample in the Netherlands.Participants
1295 men and women aged 60–96 years.Measurements
Body weight status was assessed using measured weight and height. Self-perceived body weight status, satisfaction with body weight and current and ideal body image were also assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of age, educational level and objectively measured BMI with underestimation of body weight status.Results
The prevalence of obesity was 19.9% in men and 29.3% in women. The agreement between objective and self-perceived body weight status was low (Kappa < 0.2). Among overweight and obese persons, 42.1% of men and 44.1% of women were (very) dissatisfied with their body weight status and >99% of obese participants desired to be thinner (ideal body image < current image). Only 4.4% of obese men and 12.3% of obese women perceived their body weight status correctly. Higher age (women), lower educational level (men) and higher BMI (all) were associated with greater underestimation of body weight status.Conclusion
Many older persons misperceive their body weight status. Future actions to improve body weight perception in older persons are necessary to increase the impact of public health campaigns focussing on a healthy body weight in old age.18.
M.-J. Chi C.-K. Liang W.-J. Lee L.-N. Peng Ming-Yueh Chou Liang-Kung Chen 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(2):227-232
Objective
Older patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing diabetic macro- and micro-vascular complications and cardiovascular diseases than younger diabetes mellitus patients. However, older diabetes mellitus patients are very heterogeneous in their clinical characteristics, diabetes mellitus-related complications and age at disease onset. This study aimed to evaluate the all-cause mortality rates and adverse health outcomes among older adults with new-onset diabetes mellitus through a nationwide population-based study.Design
A retrospective cohort study.Setting
2001-2011 data of the National Health Insurance database.Population
Nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults aged 65 years and older with propensity score-matched controls.Main outcome measures
All-cause mortality and adverse health outcomes.Results
During the study period, 45.3% of patients in the diabetes mellitus cohort and 38.8% in the non-diabetes mellitus cohort died. The adjusted relative risk for mortality in the diabetes mellitus cohort compared to the non-diabetes mellitus cohort was 1.23 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.16-1.30) for males and 1.27 (95%CI=1.19-1.35) for females. During the follow-up period, 8.9% of the diabetes mellitus cohort and 5.8% of the non-diabetes mellitus cohort developed cardiovascular diseases; the diabetes mellitus cohort had an adjusted relative risk of cardiovascular complications compared to the non-diabetes mellitus cohort of 1.54 (95%CI=1.36-1.75) for men and 1.70 (95%CI=1.43-2.02) for women. The adjusted relative risk of mortality in the patients with hypoglycemia compared to non-hypoglycemia patients in the diabetes mellitus cohort was 2.33 (95%CI=1.81-3.01) for men and 2.73 (95%CI=2.10-3.52) for women after adjustment for age, Charlson comorbidity index, acute coronary syndrome, respiratory disease, cancer, infectious disease and nervous system disease at baseline.Conclusions
New-onset diabetes in older adults is associated with an increased risk of mortality, and hypoglycemia is an important marker of this association. Individualized care plans stratified by age at onset, duration of disease, comorbidity and functional status, as well as hypoglycemia avoidance, would benefit the management of diabetes in older adults.19.
Mateu Serra-Prat X. Sist A. Saiz L. Jurado R. Domenich A. Roces M. Papiol 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(6):653-658
Background
Characterization of the main features of pre-frailty may contribute to better understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of frailty.Objective
To characterize the pre-frail population consulting in primary care centres in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain), to describe the Fried’s frailty criteria for this population and to identify the main associated factors.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Three primary care centres in Catalonia.Participants
Pre-frail subjects recruited from among persons aged 70 years and older consulting primary care centres and screened for frailty according to Fried’s criteria.Measurements
Clinical, nutritional and functional data.Results
Frailty prevalence of 31.0% and pre-frailty prevalence of 49.0% were observed. Comorbidity was not especially frequent among elderly individuals classified as pre-frail (except for diabetes with 35.8% prevalence). Functional status and nutritional status were both reasonably satisfactory in pre-frail subjects with mean Barthel score of 98 points and 91% classified as well nourished. Among pre-frail subjects, 35% were obese (body mass index>30); 75% reported pain; 12% had an accidental fall in the previous three months; and the mean number of medications ingested was 6.2. Weakness was the most prevalent frailty criterion (70%), followed by slowness (30%). Weakness was associated with age in men and with pain in women. Poor physical activity was associated with pain.Conclusions
Pre-frailty is very common among elderly subjects consulting primary care centres. Weakness, slowness, diabetes, pain and polypharmacy should alert healthcare professionals to the onset of a frailty process.20.
M. Liset Rietman D. L. van der A S. H. van Oostrom H. S. J. Picavet M. E. T. Dollé H. van Steeg W. M. M. Verschuren A. M. W. Spijkerman 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(1):8-15