基质金属蛋白酶在食管癌组织中的表达及与微量元素含量之间的关系

目的:探讨MMP-9、MMP-2及微量元素在食管癌的发生、发展、浸润、转移过程中的作用及相互关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)SP法检测49例食管癌及16例癌旁组织中MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达情况与食管癌的病理分型、分化程度、淋巴结转移及患者性别、年龄之间的相互关系.用AA-670原子吸收分光光度计测定食管癌组织中微量元素的含量.并对两者的结果做相关分析.结果:MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达在食管癌中表达明显高于癌旁正常组织(69.3% vs 12.5%,71.4% vs 6.25%),且在有淋巴结转移组明显高于无淋巴结转移组(85.7% vs 47.6%,82.1% vs 52.3%),但在不同病理分型、年龄、性别、分期、分化程度中无明显统计学差异.食管癌组织中Zn含量及Zn/Cu显著低于癌旁正常食管组织Zn含量及Zn/Cu(8.13 μg/g±3.08 μg/g vs 11.63 μg±3.49 μg/g;7.50±3.65 vs 15.40±6.84),同时腺癌的Zn/Cu低于鳞癌的Zn/Cu(4.48±3.52 vs 8.02±3.45),食管腺癌组织中Se的含量显著高于食管鳞癌中Se的含量(0.91 μg/g±1.72 μg/g vs 0.29 μg±0.28 μg/g);有淋巴结转移组癌组织中Zn含量及Zn/Cu显著低于无淋巴结转移组癌组织中Zn含量及Zn/Cu(7.72 μg/g±3.03 μg/g vs 9.59 μg/g±3.06 μg/g;6.91±3.86 vs 9.93±4.81).而不同分化程度、不同分期、不同年龄、不同性别的食管癌中微量元素含量没有明显差别.结论:MMP-2、MMP-9及微量元素Zn的含量及Zn/Cu与在食管癌的发生发展及侵袭转移中可能起重要作用.联合检测微量元素、MMP-2与MMP-9有可能成为判断食管癌生物学行为的客观指标,对判断预后可能有一定价值.     

Lipid peroxidation and trace elements in systemic sclerosis

Oxidative stress appears to be important in the causation and perpetuation of tissue injury and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis or scleroderma (SSc). We conducted a case-control study to assess lipid peroxidation levels as determined by measuring fasting plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of the trace elements selenium, iron, zinc and copper in SSc. Plasma MDA levels were almost tenfold higher in patients than in controls (p=0.00007), and an inverse relationship between MDA levels and disease duration (r=–0.52, p=0.044) was observed. Selenium levels were lower in patients than in controls (p=0.012). Within the patient cohort, copper correlated inversely with the total skin score (r=–0.52, p=0.03). Our findings provide further evidence that lipid peroxidation is increased and antioxidant capacity is reduced in SSc. The gradual decline in MDA levels with time suggests that antioxidant therapy, if to be useful in SSc, is most likely to be effective early in the course of the disease.     

Recommended daily allowance and dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and calcium in Japanese

In the sixth edition of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Japanese-dietary reference intakes by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, RDA and tolerable upper limit (UL) for vitamin D and calcium were set. RDA and UL for calcium were set on the basis of the calcium balance study and the factorial method. In contrast, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in subjects as a maker reflecting vitamin D nutrition status was first used for setting the RDA and UL in this edition.     

老年性痴呆与微量元素的关系

在发达国家,老年性痴呆的发病率随年龄的增长而急剧增加,65～74岁人群中的发病率是3%～6%,75～84岁发病率为18.7%,85岁以上甚至高达47%[1,2].     

Zinc and other trace elements in liver cirrhosis.

Alterations in trace element concentrations may be observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Notably, selenium and zinc levels are reduced both in serum and in liver tissue of cirrhotic patients. Low selenium levels have been involved in the pathogenesis of liver damage as this element is important in controlling the levels of toxic oxygen radicals in the cells. Zinc deficiency has been involved in the pathogenesis of a number of clinical findings in chronic liver disease. These include the possible role of zinc deficiency in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, by inducing alterations in urea metabolism. In CC14 cirrhotic rats oral zinc supplementation reduces ammonia levels and increases OCT activity in the liver. Oral zinc supplementation has been also proposed in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy, the results however are not yet conclusive.     

Role of trace elements in the dynamics of arteriosclerosis

According to the present state of knowledge 7 quantitative elements and possibly 18 trace elements are of vital importance for the animal. Their metabolism is antagonistically or synergistically influenced by the inorganic and organic constituents of the food of different kind. More than 30 elements (Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, V and so on) shall be connected with the process of arteriosclerosis. Cu-deficiency as well as Cu-abundance may increase the cholesterol content of the blood serum. Under conditions of Cu-deficiency the formation of the crosslinks of the elastin of the blood vessels is disturbed. Under conditions of Zn-deficiency the serum cholesterol content is as a rule, but not exceptionally decreased in the animal. Similarly unclear is the influence of high administrations of Zn on the process of arteriosclerosis. An Mg-deficit may lead to a whole chain of changes (disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, necrotic changes, atheromatous plaques, high values of total cholesterol, low values of HDL-cholesterol). Via the glucose tolerance factor a Cr-deficit possibly takes influence on the arteriosclerotic process. Hardness of the water, Mn, Pb, Ni, Mn shall also become effective. The Cu-Zn-relation as factor evoking arteriosclerosis further needs analysis. The investigations concerning arteriosclerosis in the animal experiment should in future be performed by means of semisynthetic rations, in order to render the results of the experiments comparable and to be able to control the large number of evoking factors.     

氟病区人群微量元素水平对血液抗氧化酶类的影响

检测了饮水氟含量不同的两组氟病村患者及两组正常人群内外环境 F、Se、Zn、Cu、Mo 等元素,血液 GSH—Px、SOD 及 LPO。结果病村、非病村内外环境 Se 含量较低。随饮水 F 增加,氟病患者体Se 增加;血、尿 F、血 Zn、Mo、Zn/Cu 比升高,血 Cu、Cu/Mo 比减少;血 LPO 升高,GSH—Px、SOD、GSH—Px/LPO 比降低。此提示,氟中毒患者体内 Se 等元素平衡紊乱,抗氧化酶类受损害,脂质过氧化代谢发生异常。本文就其相互关系及在氟病发病中的作用进行了初步讨论。     

矽肺患者及接尘人员发中微量元素的测定

目的了解矽肺病人发中的微量元素。方法用火焰原子吸收分光光度计对无尘肺隧道工(O期)工人及Ⅰ期矽肺患者共138例进行了人发中微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、M n的测定。结果矽肺O期、O 接尘人员及Ⅰ期矽肺患者与对照组比较,其微量元素含量均有不同程度的下降,O 、Ⅰ期矽肺患者下降更为明显,非常显著性差异(P<0.01),Ⅰ期矽肺患者Fe/Cu比值明显降低。结论适当补充Cu、Zn、Fe、M n微量元素,对治疗及预防矽肺可能有益。     

Partially hydrolysed 100% whey-based infant formula and the prevention of atopic dermatitis: comparative pharmacoeconomic analyses

Clinical trials have demonstrated that the risk of developing atopic dermatitis is reduced when using hydrolysed formulas to feed infants with a documented risk of atopy (i.e. an affected parent and/or sibling)when breastfeeding is not practised. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of using hydrolysed formulas. Consequently, economic analyses in 5 European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Spain and Switzerland) have evaluated the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specific brand of 100% whey-based partially hydrolysed infant formula, NAN-HA? (PHF-W) compared with a cow's milk standard formula (SF) in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in at-risk children. This review synthesises the findings of these studies. Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) used a decision-analytic model to determine treatment pathways, resource utilisation and costs associated with the management of atopic dermatitis in healthy at-risk newborns who were not exclusively breastfed. The model had a 12-month horizon and applied reimbursement rates of 60-100% depending on the country. Outcomes were considered from the perspective of the public healthcare system (e.g. the Ministry of Health; MOH), family and society. The final outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per avoided case of atopic dermatitis (ICER) for PHF-W versus SF. A cost-minimisation analysis was also performed to compare PHF-W with extensively hydrolysed formulas (EHF). The base-case CEA produced ICERs per avoided case for PHF-W versus SF of EUR 982-1,343 (MOH perspective), EUR -2,202 to -624 (family perspective) indicating savings, and EUR -1,220 to 719 from the societal perspective. The main costs related to formula (MOH and society) and time loss (family). In the cost-minimisation analysis, PHF-W yielded savings of between EUR 4.3 and 120 million compared with EHF-whey when the latter was used in prevention. In conclusion, PHF-W was cost-effective versus SF in the prevention of atopic dermatitis and cost saving compared with EHF when used in prevention.     

Role of calcium and other trace elements in the gastrointestinal physiology

Calcium is an essential ion in both marine and terrestrial organisms, where it plays a crucial role in processes ranging from the formation and maintenance of the skeleton to the regulation of neuronal function. The Ca2 balance is maintained by three organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, bone and kidney. Since first being cloned in 1993 the Ca2 -sensing receptor has been expressed along the entire gastrointestinal tract, until now the exact function is only partly elucidated. As of this date it still remains to be determined if the Ca2 -sensing receptor is involved in calcium handling by the gastrointestinal tract. However, there are few studies showing physiological effects of the Ca2 -sensing receptor on gastric acid secretion and fluid transport in the colon. In addition, polyamines and amino acids have been shown to activate the Ca2 -sensing receptor and also act as allosteric modifiers to signal nutrient availability to intestinal epithelial cells. Activation of the colonic Ca2 -sensing receptor can abrogate cyclic nucleotide-mediated fluid secretion suggesting a role of the receptor in modifying secretory diarrheas like cholera. For many cell types changes in extracellular Ca2 concentration can switch the cellular behavior from proliferation to terminal differentiation or quiescence. As cancer remains predominantly a disease of disordered balance between proliferation, termination and apoptosis, disruption in the function of the Ca2 -sensing receptor may contribute to the progression of neoplastic disease. Loss of the growth suppressing effects of elevated extracellular Ca2 have been demonstrated in colon carcinoma, and have been correlated with changes in the level of CaSR expression.