颞下经天幕入路显微手术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的探讨颞下经小脑幕入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微手术方法和结果。方法 25例岩斜区脑膜瘤病人,全部经CT、MRI明确诊断,其中大型(瘤径2.5~4.4 cm)18例、巨大型(4.5 cm)7例。均采用颞下经小脑幕入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果镜下全切除肿瘤20例(80%),大部分切除5例,无死亡。术后新增颅神经损伤11例。术后随访1~24个月,全切病例有4例复发。结论颞下经小脑幕入路是切除中上斜坡以上尤其是侵及麦氏腔的岩斜区脑膜瘤实用的手术入路。     

颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路解剖与临床应用

目的通过神经导航下颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路的解剖和手术方案研究,探讨该入路临床应用效果。方法应用成人头颅标本12例(24侧),模拟颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路,观察暴露的岩斜区解剖结构;利用神经导航技术定位标本岩骨内部结构,最大限度磨除岩尖,观察斜坡鞍后区,上、中斜坡区等结构;利用该入路切除11例临床颅底肿瘤,探讨该入路的安全性和实用性。结果颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路可完全暴露鞍旁区,通过海绵窦外侧壁的手术三角可对累及海绵窦内外病变进行直视手术;神经导航辅助下耳蜗、内听道等结构定位准确,头颅标本岩尖磨除后耳蜗内侧缘岩尖剩余最大骨质平均厚度(0.8±0.19)mm,内侧视角较非导航入路增加(8±2.5)°,后外侧视野增加了(25±3.2)°,获得(3.3±0.4)cm2硬膜显露,明显扩大了后颅窝的暴露范围。临床病例资料肿瘤全切除6例,次全切3例,大部分切除2例,手术时间与既往相比缩短1~1.5 h,术后新增脑神经损害症状或原有脑神经损害症状加重3例,无长期昏迷及手术相关死亡病例。结论神经导航辅助下颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路,能最大程度暴露蝶岩斜区病变,有利于提高肿瘤的全切率和术后疗效。     

颞下经小脑幕入路切除脑桥海绵状血管畸形

目的总结颞下经小脑幕入路切除脑桥海绵状血管畸形的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析23例脑桥海绵状血管畸形病人的临床资料,采用颞下经小脑幕入路手术切除病灶。采用常规马蹄形切口15例,耳前弧形切口8例。结果全切除21例,近全切除2例,无手术死亡。术前面瘫、眼肌协同性运动障碍完全恢复,无新出现的面瘫,术后出现一过性语言障碍5例。GOS评分:恢复良好21例,重度病残2例。结论颞下经小脑幕入路能够充分显露并切除脑桥海绵状血管畸形,同时可避免出现面瘫等严重并发症。     

经后颞下入路暴露岩斜区及小脑桥脑角的神经内镜解剖学研究

目的研究经后颞下入路-经天幕暴露岩斜区及小脑桥脑角的神经内镜下血管神经解剖结构,探索岩斜区及小脑桥脑角可利用的间隙。方法成年新鲜尸头9例(18侧),交替使用0°、30°角神经内镜经后颞下入路-经小脑幕探查岩斜区及小脑桥脑角,并用摄像系统对相关的解剖结构及解剖标志纪录。结果小脑桥脑角在神经内镜下分为结构清晰的上、中、下三个间隙,三个间隙均有充分的操作空间,分别经三个间隙推进神经内镜后岩斜区得以暴露。结论神经内镜下经后颞下入路-经天幕能充分的暴露岩斜区、小脑桥脑角及周边解剖结构。     

神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗桥小脑角胆脂瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助下的显微手术在治疗桥小脑角胆脂瘤中的临床意义。方法 在 神经内镜辅助下应用显微神经外科技术治疗桥小脑角胆脂瘤23例。在显微镜视野下最大限度切除肿瘤, 再在神经内镜下观察并切除残余肿瘤。结果 显微镜下切除肿瘤后,仍有 18 例通过神经内镜发现肿瘤 残留,内镜下进一步彻底切除肿瘤。术后 1 个月内有 18 例原有症状消失,2 例面瘫和 1 例复视患者症状 减轻,1例术前无症状患者术后1周出现迟发性面瘫,经治疗在术后1个月随访时恢复正常。结论 神经 内镜辅助显微手术切除桥小脑角胆脂瘤,可以防止肿瘤残留,减少并发症,保护神经功能。     

Pure endoscopic removal of epidermoid tumors of the cerebellopontine angle

Purpose

Epidermoid tumors located in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are challenging lesions because they tend to grow slowly in the subarachnoid cisterns around delicate neurovascular structures and often extend into surgical anatomic corners. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of purely endoscopic removal of the CPA epidermoids.

Methods

Six patients harboring an epidermoid tumor located in the CPA were treated using an endoscope-controlled microsurgical technique. A retrosigmoid suboccipital approach was used in all patients. The cerebellomedullary cistern and the cisterna magna were opened to allow cerebrospinal fluid drainage and cerebellar drop, thus yielding a wide and straight working channel to the CPA. Then, the tumor and its capsule were removed by the modified microsurgical instruments.

Result

The symptoms caused by mass effect of the lesion resolved after surgery. There were no deaths, but permanent deficits occurred in one patient whose cranial nerves VII/VIII complex was accidentally lesioned. Tumors and their capsules were totally removed in five cases. All patients were discharged 3–5 days after surgery. To date, no recurrences have been observed (follow-up range 14–50 months).

Conclusion

The endoscope-controlled microsurgical technique enables a safe tumor removal even when parts of the lesion are not visible in a straight line in CPA epidermoids. By angled endoscopic lenses, tumor extending into adjacent cranial compartments or surgical anatomic corners can be removed through a single small craniotomy without retracting neurovascular structures.     

Hemifacial spasm associated with epidermoid tumors of the cerebellopontine angle

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is rarely due to serious compressive lesions, such as tumors, aneurysms, or vascular malformations, located in the cerebellopontine angle. Because of the interesting association of HFS with epidermoid tumors, we reviewed the records of all patients with HFS and all patients with intracranial epidermoid tumors seen from January 1975 to December 1986. Of the 18 patients who had epidermoid tumors of the cerebellopontine angle, 3 (17%) had a facial movement disorder that resembled HFS at sometime during their illness. There were 429 patients who had HFS with no obvious serious compressive lesion of the facial nerve. Therefore, HFS was associated with epidermoid tumor in 0.7% of cases. All 3 patients developed other findings due to involvement of adjacent neural structures. Patients with HFS have a low probability of having a serious compressive lesion, but those with atypical features should be evaluated for cerebellopontine angle masses such as epidermoid tumors.     

Cysticercosis of the cerebellopontine angle cistern mimicking epidermoid inclusion cyst

We report a case of a cystic lesion in the left cerebellopontine (CP) angle cistern. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features closely resembled an epidermoid inclusion cyst, and was interpreted as such. However, at surgery and on histopathological examination the lesion was found to be a cysticercus cyst. It may be impossible to distinguish between the two by imaging. The MR imaging findings of cysticercosis, epidermoid and other common differentials are discussed.     

桥小脑角区蛛网膜囊肿与面肌痉挛的关系（附31例临床分析）

目的 探讨桥小脑角区蛛网膜囊肿在面肌痉挛病因中的作用、以及对此类病例的处理策略.方法 回顾性总结我科从2004年9月到2007年8月间行显微血管减压术治疗的1705例面肌痉挛患者的病例资料,对术中发现的31例桥小脑角蛛网膜囊肿者进行分析总结.结果 31例蛛网膜囊肿中有7例囊肿本身明显参与和责任血管共同压迫面神经根,18例囊肿尽管本身没有参与压迫,但囊壁与后组颅神经及血管广泛粘连,对术中解剖及责任血管分离造成影响,另有6例单纯小囊肿与病因形成无关,对手术操作无影响.手术结果中,25例术后症状即时消失,6例症状减轻,5例在1～6个月的随访中延迟愈合.手术并发症有医源性一过性面瘫4例;听力减退2例; 短期单纯性耳鸣1例; 声音嘶哑呛咳1例;迟发性面瘫2例,术后血压增高1例.结论 蛛网膜囊肿不会单独成为面肌痉挛的病因;合并蛛网膜囊肿的面肌痉挛,在后组颅神经解剖和责任血管分离方面存在困难,易导致手术并发症的出现,对术者的手术技巧提出更高要求.     

Lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach to a middle fossa epidermoid tumor

A 40-year-old patient was admitted with a 9-month history of headaches and multiple episodes of generalized seizures. Investigations revealed a medial temporal epidermoid tumor that extended into the suprasellar region. The tumor was surgically resected using a lateral supracerebellar–transtentorial approach. The rationale for the surgical approach and its validity in this clinical situation is discussed.     

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to an epidermoid tumour in the cerebellopontine angle.

A 42-year-old female presented with typical glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an epidermoid tumour in the left cerebellopontine angle. Surgery showed that the tumour was compressing the glossopharyngeal nerve but no vessel was related to the nerve. The tumour was subtotally removed and after surgery the patient showed a complete relief of pain. This is a very rare case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia alone due to an epidermoid tumour.     

锁孔开颅术处理桥小脑角区肿瘤的研究

目的探讨采用锁孔开颅术镜下显微手术切除桥小脑角区肿瘤的方式、方法，减少并发症，改善手术效果。方法回顾性分析我科采用本法处理桥小脑角区肿瘤33例，其中巨大肿瘤（≥4cm）23例，大肿瘤（≥3cm）10例。结果本组肿瘤全切除30例，次全切除3例，残余肿瘤结合伽玛刀治疗2例。面神经解剖保留23例，部分功能保留16例。经病理证实属神经鞘瘤17例，脑膜瘤11例．胆脂瘤5例。随访0．5～6年，面瘫恢复15例，部分恢复5例。无肿瘤复发。结论本手术方法加上娴熟镜下手术切除抟巧，在切除肿瘤的同时，能最大限度地保留脑的正常解剖结构，具有创伤小、术后恢复快、疗效好等特点，特别适宜治疗深部肿瘤，     

Cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cysts: a report on 30 cases.

Thirty cases of cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cysts treated over a period of 20 years are reviewed with regard to their clinical features, the pathophysiology of their symptoms and their management. The predominating symptoms were related to the 7th and 8th cranial nerves and headaches. The signs and symptoms were present for an average period of 4 months. It was not always possible to determine if the signs and symptoms were due to local involvement by the epidermoid, increased intracranial pressure, or both. Diagnostic procedures evolved from angiography and ventriculography to non-invasive computed tomography and MRI. The posterior cranial fossa approach was used in 27 cases. Total excision of the epidermoid was the aim and was carried out in five (18%) patients but concern regarding the preservation of nearby important neurovascular structures forced partial removal in 22 patients. To minimise reformation, the residual epidermoid was carefully coagulated with the aid of the operating microscope and bipolar cautery without damaging surrounding neurovascular structures.     

Angiomas of the cerebellopontine angle

Summary Angiomas situated within the pontocerebellar cistern lie superficially on the ventrolateral aspect of the brain stem. Occasionally, minor extensions penetrate into the adjacent nervous structures. Five patients bearing such lesions were operated upon, using a microsurgical technique. Radical excision was performed in all cases. Within 2 to 12 months the patients had returned to their previous occupations, being fully able to work or attend school. There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of surgical treatment of angiomas of the ventrolateral aspect of the brain stem and the cerebellopontine angle. The illness usually presents with hemorrhages of varying severity, ranging from mild to devastating. Impairment of consciousness, contralateral hemiparesis and ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies are the most frequent neurological signs after bleeding. The outcome following excision is primarily related to the preoperative condition. No additional deficits or only minor further impairment can be expected from surgical interference. Exploration is advisable whenever the malformation appears to lie on the surface rather than within the brain stem.

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Zusammenfassung Die in der ponto-zerebellären Zysterne gelegenen Angiome befinden sich oberflächlich auf der ventrolateralen Seite des Hirnstammes. Gelegentlich dringen sie in geringer Ausdehnung in die benachbarten Nervenstrukturen ein. Fünf Patienten mit solchen Mißbildungen wurden mit mikrochirurgischer Technik operiert. In allen Fällen wurde eine radikale Exstirpation ausgeführt. Alle Patienten nahmen ihre frühere Tätigkeit innerhalb von 2–12 Monaten nach der Operation wieder voll auf. Es gibt zunehmende Beweise für die Wirksamkeit der chirurgischen Behandlung der Angiome der ventrolateralen Seite des Hirnstammes und des Kleinhirnbrückenwinkels. In der Regel tritt die Krankheit mit Blutungen verschiedenen Ausmaßes auf. Bewußtseinsveränderungen, gegenseitige Hemiparese, gleichseitige Hirnnervenlähmungen sind die häufigsten neurologischen Zeichen nach einer Blutung. Das Ergebnis nach Radikalexstirpation hängt in erster Linie von dem präoperativen Zustand der Patienten ab. Der chirurgische Eingriff verursacht keine oder nur geringfügige neue Ausfälle. Eine chirurgische Exploration ist immer dann ratsam, wenn die Mißbildung auf der Oberfläche zu liegen scheint, anstatt im Hirnstamm selber.