中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响研究

在人口老龄化的背景下,如何控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化已经成为世界性难题.本文通过实证研究分析中国人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制,为医疗和养老政策的制定提供参考.面板门槛效应模型的回归结果显示,中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响与城镇化水平有关.城镇化水平存在双重门槛效应,当城镇化水平低于第二个门槛值,人口老龄...     

安徽省居民医疗卫生费用支出状况分析

本文利用 1998年安徽省卫生服务调查资料 ,分析居民医疗卫生药品费用、两周就诊费用和住院费用等医疗卫生费用支出情况 ,期望客观反映其医疗卫生的负担能力和负担水平。同时对在居民现有的医疗卫生负担能力和水平下 ,如何改善居民的医疗卫生服务提出对策和建议。1　材料与方法1.1　调查对象资料来自 1998年安徽省卫生服务调查资料。综合考虑调查户的社会经济因素 ,采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法 ,从全省抽取了 12个县 (市区 ) ,60个乡镇(街道 ) ,12 0个村 (居委会 ) ,7193户 ,共 2 7118人。1.2　调查方法采用一次性横断面调查方法 ,入户调…     

我国医疗卫生支出的公共政策研究

随着经济的发展,卫生投资作为人力资本投资的重要性已被充分认识。卫生投资一方面会提高人群的身体素质和生活质量,另一方面具有创造国民收入的溢出效应,同时,也决定了在该领域中,市场机制作用的发挥会对医疗卫生资源的配置和社会公平性产生影响。医疗市场的失灵,为政府对该领域进行干预提供了潜在的理论依据。从公平和效率的角度评价我国医疗卫生制度的发展,从供给和需求两方面调整公共医疗卫生政策,既有利于医疗资源的优化配置,又有利于促进社会公平。     

人口老龄化与医疗卫生事业发展研究

21世纪将进入人口老龄化时代,在我国城镇65岁以上的人口和农村60岁以上的人口都将超过总人口的10.00%.人口老龄化趋势给医疗卫生事业发展带来许多问题,对今后医疗卫生事业持续健康发展将产生影响.现就人口老龄化与医疗卫生事业发展的关系进行研究,目的在于更好地促进人口老龄化与医疗卫生事业的相互协调.     

山东省农村居民医疗卫生费用支出状况分析

本文利用2002年山东省农村居民卫生服务抽样调查资料,分析农村居民医疗卫生药品费用、两周就诊费用和住院费用等医疗卫生费用支出情况,以期客观反映农村居民医疗卫生的负担能力和负担水平.同时在对此分析的基础上,对改善农村居民的医疗卫生服务提出了有关对策和建议.     

人口老龄化对农村医疗卫生服务的新要求

在我国未富先老的情况下,农村人口老龄化水平高于全国平均水平和城市水平,大多数农村社会保障制度尚未建全,为老年人提供的医疗卫生保健服务发展严重滞后,现有的农村医疗模式难以满足越来越多的老年人医疗卫生服务需求。为此,提出健全农村基层卫生服务网络体系,大力培养全科医学人才,充分利用中医药,加大健康教育力度、做好预防工作,重视老年医学的教育和科学研究,以满足人口老龄化对农村医疗服务提出的新要求。     

人口老龄化对农村医疗卫生服务的新要求

在我国未富先老的情况下,农村人口老龄化水平高于全国平均水平和城市水平,大多数农村社会保障制度尚未建全,为老年人提供的医疗卫生保健服务发展严重滞后,现有的农村医疗模式难以满足越来越多的老年人医疗卫生服务需求.为此,提出健全农村基层卫生服务网络体系,大力培养全科医学人才,充分利用中医药,加大健康教育力度、做好预防工作,重视老年医学的教育和科学研究,以满足人口老龄化对农村医疗服务提出的新要求.     

世界人口老龄化对医疗卫生的严峻挑战

世界人口老龄化现状及趋势 人口老龄化是指一个国家或地区在一个时期内老年人口比重不断上升的现象或过程。国际上一般以60岁以上老年人口超过10％或65岁以上老年人口超过7％以上称为老龄化国家、城市或地区。     

我国老年人医疗卫生支出影响因素研究

目的:为完善老年人医疗保障体系提供政策建议。方法:基于Andersen医疗服务利用行为模型框架,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年数据,建立我国老年人医疗卫生支出影响因素的Tobit模型。结果:需要因素中的自评健康状况与是否患有慢性病,能力因素中的医疗保险、养老保险与自评生活水平,以及倾向因素中的年龄、性别、婚姻状况和城乡身份显著影响我国老年人的医疗卫生支出。结论:建议按照"堵疏结合,区别对待"的原则,构建我国老年人医疗保障体系。     

人口老龄化、地方财政能力对医疗卫生资源供给的影响

基于2002—2019年省级面板数据,采用固定效应模型探究人口老龄化、地方财政能力对医疗卫生资源供给的影响。结果表明:人口老龄化对医疗卫生资源供给存在正向影响;地方财政能力对医疗卫生财力投入具有显著正向影响,对医疗卫生人力资源投入具有显著负向影响;地方财政能力一定程度可以降低人口老龄化对卫生资源供给产生的边际效应。因此,需紧扣区域人口结构变动特征,协调医疗卫生资源配置结构;优化地方财政支出结构,加大对医疗卫生领域的投入力度,进一步促进医疗卫生资源配置均衡化。     

Health care expenditure and income in Europe

In this work we have tried to analyse the variations in health care expenditure in all the countries of the European Community except Greece and Portugal. We have wanted to provide additional evidence on the empirical relationship between expenditure on health care and income. Our analysis, starting from the approach of Fuchs and Baumol, has been an extension of the traditional studies on health care international comparisons, in at least three directions: we have not imposed any restrictions on the price effects, we have analysed dynamic models instead of the cross-sectional analysis and we have used proper deflators. We have deflated health care expenditure in each country by means of its sectoral price index and by the purchasing parity power of its currency, to allow international comparisons. In the former case we express health care in terms of ‘expenditure’, in the latter we express health care in terms of ‘weighted quantity’. Income elasticities, in the short and in the long-run, have been estimated using econometric methods that allow us to obtain simultaneously equilibrium long-run relationships, if any, and adjustment processes in the short-run. We have found cointegrating relationships and we have estimated consistent estimators of the elasticities. The estimated income elasticities are greater than one in all the models analysed.     

A multilevel analysis on the determinants of regional health care expenditure: a note

Health care in most countries is a rather “local good” for which the fiscal decentralization theory applies and heterogeneity is the result. In order to address the issue of multijurisdictional health care in estimating income elasticity, we constructed a unique sample using data for 110 regions in eight Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 1997. We estimated this sample data with a multilevel hierarchical model. In doing this, we tried to identify two sources of random variation: within- and between-country variation. The basic purpose was to find out whether the different relationships between health care spending and the explanatory variables are country specific. We concluded that to take into account the degree of fiscal decentralization within countries in estimating income elasticity of health expenditure proves to be important. Two plausible reasons lie behind this: (a) where there is decentralization to the regions, policies aimed at emulating diversity tend to increase national health care expenditure and (b) without fiscal decentralization, central monitoring of finance tends to reduce regional diversity and therefore decrease national health expenditure. The results of our estimation do seem to validate both these points.

Health care expenditure inertia in the OECD countries: A heterogeneous analysis

Health care expenditure studies of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries remain important because their findings often suggest cost containment and other policy initiatives. This paper focuses on the compatibility of OECD health data with the “expenditure inertia” (or lagged adjustments) hypothesis, by modeling individual country time‐series data of 21 nations for the 1960–1993 period. Maximum likelihood estimates of the Box–Cox transformation regression models reveal that: (a) the hypothesized impact of health “expenditure inertia” is both pervasive and strong, averaging 0.64 across the countries; (b) the real GDP elasticities of health care expenditures vary widely among the countries and average 0.34 in the short run – implying that health care is a necessity; (c) the long run GDP elasticities are less than 1 in 8 countries, unitary elastic in 8 countries and elastic in 5 countries – suggesting that health care is not universally a necessity or a luxury commodity for the OECD countries; (d) physician‐inducement effects (dis‐inducement in a few countries) are weak, with a mean elasticity estimate of 0.17; and (e) no unique functional form approximation model is globally compatible with the data across the countries. Health care cost containment policy implications of these findings are explored. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pooling international health care expenditure data.

The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to analyse the statistical relationship between real health care expenditure per capita and aggregate income, public share in finance, age-dependency ratio and inflation. The second purpose deals with methodological problems involved in pooling health care expenditure data. The empirical work is based on pooled cross-sectional, time-series data for 22 OECD countries from 1972 to 1987. Public finance share and inflation were found to be associated with lower per capita health care expenditure. No consistent correlation was found between the age-dependency ratio and health care expenditure. Contrary to results of earlier studies, we found that health care expenditure does not appear to be income (GDP) elastic. However, the results do not appear to be robust to changes in the time periods and countries included.     

医药费用控制相关政策分析(一)——卫生部门主导政策

如何控制医药费用的不合理上涨，缓和“看病贵、看病难”的社会矛盾，一直是卫生政策的重要着眼点，经过对近20年来与医药费用控制相关卫生政策的系统回顾与梳理，大致将其归纳为由卫生部门主导的政策、基本医疗保险政策和药品政策。该文分析了相关政策对费用控制的设计思路、实施成效，对存在问题提出具有针对性的政策建议。     

我国城乡居民医疗保健支出现状分析

目的 了解我国城乡居民卫生费用及医疗保健支出情况,为完善卫生系统筹资战略提供客观依据.方法 采用1999年至2007年统计年鉴数据,对我国城乡居民卫生费用及医疗保健支出现状及变化趋势进行分析.结果 城乡卫生费用筹资额定比增长了200%;城乡居民人均医疗保健支出增长幅度差异明显(城市为152.86%,农村为172.77%);居民医疗保健支出随人均收入变化而稳步增长,但健康消费总体水平仍很低,尤其是农村居民;2003年以来农村居民医疗保健支出收入弹性比城镇居民大,相对差距正逐步缩小.结论 应重点增加农村居民收入,提高社会边际医疗保健支出倾向;改善医疗卫生服务条件,扩大医疗保障覆盖面,带动城乡居民医疗保健的合理消费;重视文化因素的作用,提高全民健康投资意识和自我保健能力.     

政治体制对政府医疗卫生支出及健康产出的影响综述

大多数发展中国家的政府医疗卫生支出及健康产出长期处于较低水平,与发达国家有较大差距。这种差距并不能仅仅由经济因素解释,政府主导了卫生资源的分配,因此分析理性政府在公共资源分配中的激励问责机制尤为重要。本文分析了政治体制对政府提供医疗卫生服务的激励问责机制,综述了近年来有关政治体制影响政府医疗卫生支出及健康产出的实证研究。大量研究结果表明与非民主政治体制相比,民主政治体制在增加政府医疗卫生支出、提高健康产出方面有显著的积极作用。     

人口老龄化背景下中国护理服务产业现状及其发展建议

通过在人口老龄化背景下预测中国护理服务需求，对比护理服务提供现状的差距，分析其中原因。在比较分析国内外发展护理服务应对人口老龄化经验的基础上，提出发展中国护理产业的构想及其在行业管理、经济补偿和人力资源等领域的政策建议。