脑静脉畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨MRI对脑静脉畸形（CVM）的诊断价值。方法收集我院9例CVM患者资料进行回顾性分析。3例行CT平扫检查,9例行MRIT1WI、T2WI、T2FLAIR、T1WI增强扫描,其中有3例行3DTOFMRA扫描,2例行VENBOLDSENSE扫描。结果 CVM位于幕下5例,幕上4例。3例CT平扫均未见CVM直接征象,其中2例发现异常病灶,1例未见异常。5例MRI平扫显示髓静脉呈长T1长T2信号,中央静脉干呈长T1短T2信号或长T1长T2信号,FLAIR上髓静脉为稍高信号,中央静脉干为稍低信号或稍高信号,增强呈典型的＂水母＂征或＂树根＂征表现。2例MRI平扫显示条管状流空低信号,增强呈条状高信号。1例MRI平扫显示类圆形等长T1、等长T2信号,中心可见流空信号。增强MRA显示髓静脉呈放射状汇入中央静脉并见引流入上矢状窦。1例术前只诊断为血管畸形,未能明确分型。结论 MRI多序列成像对脑静脉畸形绝大多数可明确诊断,MRI增强及VENBOLDSENSE序列是发现脑静脉畸形最敏感的方法,应做为CVM的首选检查方法。     

SWAN序列在脑静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的：探讨T2加权血管成像（SWAN）序列在脑静脉畸形（CVM）诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析15例CVM患者的MRI资料,所有患者均行常规平扫、SWAN和增强扫描。结果15例CVM中,11例位于幕上,4例位于幕下,MRI平扫显示引流静脉呈长T1短T2流空信号12例,呈长T1长T2信号3例,髓静脉均呈长T1长T2信号。SWAN清晰显示引流静脉及髓静脉呈低信号,表现为典型“海蛇头”征。增强扫描显示多条髓静脉呈放射状共同汇入引流静脉。结论SWAN较常规MRI平扫及增强扫描能更清晰及敏感地显示CVM的特征性表现,可作为CVM诊断的常规检查序列。     

MRI在脑静脉畸形诊断中的价值

目的探讨MRI在脑静脉畸形(CVM)诊断中的价值。方法搜集12例CVM病例的MRI资料进行回顾性分析,均行常规MRI平扫、磁敏感加权成像(SWI)及增强扫描。结果额叶5例,顶叶3例,小脑4例,MRI平扫显示引流静脉7例呈管状长T1长T2信号,5例呈管状长T1短T2流空信号,髓静脉网呈细条状及条纹状长T1长T2信号。增强扫描显示多支髓静脉呈放射状或树根状排列,共同汇聚于中心引流静脉,形如"水母头"。SWI清晰显示髓静脉、引流静脉呈低信号。结论 MRI能够明确CVM诊断,SWI序列较常规MRI平扫及增强扫描能显示更多髓静脉,应作为CVM诊断的常规序列。     

脑静脉畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨脑静脉畸形的MRI表现，评价各成像序列的诊断价值。方法7例经DSA及手术证实的脑静脉畸形病例，均行常规MRI平扫及轴位增强扫描。4例行三维多层重叠薄块采集(3 dimensional multi overlapping thin slab acquisnion，3D-MOTSA)增强MRA检查。结果病灶位于小脑4例，额叶、硕叶共3例。常规MRI平扫引流静脉为长T1短T2流空信号，扩张的髓静脉为网状及条状长T1低信号长T2高信号，增强呈“水母头”样改变，即多条髓静脉呈辐射状汇入粗大的引流静脉。3D-MOTSA MRA检查显示部分引流静脉，髓静脉显示较少。4例3D-MOTSA增强MRA检查引流静脉全程显示，髓静脉显示数目多。结论MRI能明确诊断脑静脉畸形的合并症，弥补脑血管造影的不足，结合3D-MOTSA增强MRA检查可取代脑血管造影。     

脑静脉性血管畸形MRI应用及价值

目的探讨MRI多种成像序列在脑静脉性畸形诊断中的应用及评价。方法回顾性分析22例CVM分布及MR征象。常规平扫后,其中18例加做增强后T1WI扫描,CE-MRA8例,3D-TOFMRA3例,SWI6例。结果 MRI平扫显示引流静脉（或导静脉）通常为长T1长T2信号影,少数为短T2信号;髓静脉为长T1、长T2或等T2信号,大部分显示不佳,增强后可清晰显示多根髓静脉呈放射状汇入粗大的引流静脉,呈典型＂水母头＂状或＂蜈蚣＂、＂树根状＂改变。SWI显示CVM更为敏感,引流静脉和髓静脉均为低信号。结论各种MRI成像方法相结合能满意显示CVM的特征性表现,在其诊断和合并症判断方面具有重要价值。     

脑静脉畸形的CT和MRI诊断和评价

目的:探讨X线计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)在脑静脉畸形(CVM)诊断中的价值. 方法:对17例CVM患者的MRI和CT资料进行分析,15例行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中2例行磁共振脑静脉成像检查.3例行磁共振脑动脉成像检查,8例患者行妇CT检查,包括平扫2例,增强4例,cT脑动脉造影检查2例.17例中4例行数字减影血管造影检查证实. 结果:17例患者有21个CVM,其中3例为多发,4例患者合并有海绵状血管瘤.有21个CVM中,幕上7个,幕下14个.12个CVM为浅型,位于皮质和皮质下区,9个为深型.CT平扫均不能显示CVM的直接征象,增强CT、CT脑动脉造影和MRI增强扫描均能清晰显示CVM的特征性表现,即"水母头"状扩张的髓静脉汇入粗大的引流静脉干,MRI能清晰显示合并的海绵状血管瘤和其他脑实质异常.磁共振脑静脉成像也能清晰显示CVM. 结论:CVM为最常见的脑血管畸形,具有典型的影像学表现,CT增强、CT动脉成像以及MRI均能显示其特征性改变,并对其做出诊断.MRI检查可显示合并的其他异常表现,是首选的影像学检查方法.     

磁共振成像对肿瘤患者合并脑静脉畸形的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振各种成像序列对肿瘤患者合并脑静脉畸形（cerebral venous malformation,CVM）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析19例肿瘤患者合并CVM的磁共振平扫、弥散加权成像（DWI）、增强扫描及其中3例扰相梯度回波加权成像（T2^＊）、2例磁敏感加权成像（SWI）、2例磁共振血管成像（MRA）的表现,分别评价其对肿瘤患者合并CVM的显示价值。结果：额叶11例,枕叶5例,顶叶、颞叶及小脑半球各1例,发现CVM20个。MRI平扫17个CVM可见引流静脉显示,10个CVM见扩张髓静脉区异常信号。MRI增强扫描后,20个CVM的引流静脉及扩张髓静脉均明显强化,其中,16个呈特征件的“海蛇头”征,2例合并脑转移瘤。MRA仅显示1例粗大引流静脉,扩张髓静脉均未见显示。T2^＊与SWI发现2例CVM合并海绵状血管瘤,1例合并出血。结论：各种磁共振成像序列相结合能明确诊断肿瘤患者合并CVM。     

脑发育性静脉异常的CT、MRI诊断

目的探讨脑发育性静脉异常的CT、MRI表现,提高影像学诊断水平。方法搜集经病理及DSA证实的DVA38例,7例手术病理证实,31例DSA证实,全部病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,8例行CT检查,回顾性分析其CT、MRI表现。结果发生于幕下11例,幕上27例。8例行CT检查中,4例平扫未见明显异常密度灶,2例可见右侧小脑半球出血灶,1例右侧额叶见高低密度混杂病灶。1例增强扫描见右侧额叶条纹状异常增强血管影及粗大的引流血管相连。MR扫描显示清晰,T1WI、T2WI表现为条状血管流空影32例,并发海绵状血管瘤5例,表现为不均匀短T1长T2异常混杂信号。增强扫描显示明显强化的髓静脉及引流静脉,呈典型＂水母头＂状。幕下DVA引流静脉汇入脑表面静脉者4例,汇入第四脑室的室管膜下静脉7例,幕上DVA引流静脉经皮层静脉汇入脑表面静脉窦者15例,汇入室管膜下静脉者12例,即汇入脑表面静脉又汇入脑深静脉者1例。结论CT诊断对该病特异性较小,MRI增强扫描多方位观察,可清楚显示DVA的典型表现,MR检查可完全替代DSA成为DVA首选及确诊检查手段。     

8例脑静脉血管畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨脑静脉血管畸形（CVM）的MRI诊断价值。方法回顾性分析8例CVM患者的MRI表现。结果8例MRI均显示髓静脉汇入引流静脉,呈“水母头”样,其中3例平扫未显示髓静脉,而增强、SWI扫描显示髓静脉汇入引流静脉;额叶3例,顶叶2例,基底节区2例,小脑半球1例。结论MRI对CVM的影像学表现具有特征性,可作为诊断本病的首选检查方法。     

幕上血管母细胞瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的 探讨幕上血管母细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现特征,以提高对该病的认识.方法 搜集经手术、病理证实的9例幕上血管母细胞瘤患者的影像学资料,分析其CT与MRI表现.9例均行CT平扫,其中8例行MRI平扫,增强扫描及扩散加权成像（DWI）序列.结果 病变均为单发.大囊小结节型6例,单纯囊型2例,实质型1例.8例CT平扫囊腔呈低密度,1例呈高密度,肿瘤壁结节均呈等密度 7例MRI平扫囊腔T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,DWI呈明显低信号 肿瘤壁结节T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,液体衰减反转恢复（T2-flair）序列呈高信号 8例MR增强扫描壁结节及实质性肿块均呈明显均匀强化,囊壁未见强化 3例肿瘤周围或肿瘤内可见流空血管,MRA显示瘤周或瘤内增多、增粗、迂曲的动脉血管.结论 幕上血管母细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现有一定特征性,影像学检查有助于其定位及定性诊断.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.