Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in the Songpa-Kangdong District, Seoul, Korea, 1986-1997

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is regarded as a rare disease in developing countries, but accurate data are generally lacking. We performed the present study to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of UC in Korea. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from 1986 to 1997 in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea. To recruit UC patients as completely as possible, multiple information sources including all medical facilities in the study area and three referral centres located nearby, but outside the study area were used. The incidence and prevalence rates were adjusted using the 1997 Korean population statistics. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 94 incident cases were identified, for an adjusted mean annual incidence rate of 0.68 per 100,000 inhabitants. On 31 December 1997, 91 patients with UC lived in the study area, giving an adjusted prevalence rate of 7.57 per 100,000 inhabitants. By using the Poisson regression analysis, the annual incidence rate increased significantly from 0.20 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1986-1988 to 1.23 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1995-1997 (P < 0.005). Patient age at diagnosis, the interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and the disease extent at diagnosis were fairly constant throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence of UC in our study area are still low compared with those of Western countries, but the incidence rate is steadily increasing.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease

The incidence of IBD has either continued to increase or has stabilized at a high rate in most developed countries, whereas the incidence continues to rise in regions where IBD had been less common. The prevalence has continued to increase as a result of a combination of previously rising incidence and improved survival. Regardless of the exact prevalence, the burden of disease in North America and Europe is significant. Studying the patterns of geographic variation and age and gender distribution may yield important clues to the cause of IBD.     

Epidemiology of fibrostenosing inflammatory bowel disease

Fibrostenosis occurs in both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Up to 21% of patients with CD present with strictures at diagnosis, while the rate of stenosis varies from 1% to 11% in UC. Despite the increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics in treatment, there has been no decrease in the rate of progression from inflammatory to complicated disease phenotypes (either stricturing or penetrating). The presence of stenosis is an independent risk factor for surgery in patients with CD, who are at a risk of postoperative recurrence at a rate of up to 55% at 10 years after surgery. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) strictures are at risk of malignant transformation. Thus, surveillance colonoscopy should be offered to this group of patients. Several risk factors for the development of stricture have been identified. In CD, patients aged less than 40‐years old, with perianal disease at diagnosis, who need steroids at the first flare up or have ileal disease are at the risk of developing strictures; while in UC, patients with extensive colitis and long‐standing disease are at risk. Recently, microbiota signatures have also been identified as markers for stricture development. The presence of Ruminococcus spp. is associated with the development of stricture in pediatric patients with CD. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, risk factors and natural history of fibrostenosing IBD.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Italy

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases is similar throughout Italy. Two prospective multicentre studies in the same period have shown an incidence very similar to Northern Europe. The incidence of ulcerative colitis ranged from 3.4 to 10.5. The incidence of Crohn's disease ranged from 1.9 to 6.6. The time trends seem to indicate an increase in both diseases. The need to set up General Registries of disease is underlined. The clinical behaviour and the diagnostic approach are homogeneous throughout the country. Compared to Northern Europe, surgery was less common in ulcerative colitis. Among the risk factors, familial occurrence has been shown to have the same prevalence as in Northern Europe suggesting a common genetic background. Studies on other risk factors are warranted considering the lack of data. Data on mortality show that there is a decrease in deaths in ulcerative colitis and a slight increase in mortality for Crohn's disease in the first few years after diagnosis. A retrospective study on costs has shown a greater economic burden from ulcerative colitis, however, new multicentre prospective studies are necessary.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia

Studies of Asians in Asia show relatively low incidence rates for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease compared with North America and Europe. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis in migrant South Asians in Europe is similar to Europeans, whereas the prevalence of Crohn's disease for migrant South Asians in Europe is decreased compared with Europeans. The prevalence for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan and Korea is relatively low. There are no obvious differences in age or sex distribution or rates of familial aggregation, and there are no significant differences in the clinical characteristics and natural history of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Asians compared with other racial groups with inflammatory bowel disease.     

中国炎症性肠病患病情况分析

近20年来,炎症性肠病(IBD)病例数在国内迅猛增加,相关研究也高潮迭起[1],但目前还没有大规模的IBD的流行病学研究.为了解IBD在国内的患病情况,我们通过检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)进行文献复习,并进行了全国多中心的以医院为基础的IBD病例调查,同时也调查了部分IBD危险因素.     

Clinical Characteristics and Long-term Prognosis of Elderly-Onset Ulcerative Colitis in a Population-Based Cohort in the Songpa-Kangdong District of Seoul,Korea

Background/AimsWe aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of elderly-onset ulcerative colitis (EOUC) in Korean patients over a 30-year period using a well-established population-based cohort in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea.MethodsClinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between two groups EOUC, defined as UC diagnosed in individuals aged ≥60 years and non-EOUC (N-EOUC), defined as UC diagnosed in individuals aged 18 to 59 years.ResultsWe identified 99 patients with EOUC (10.3%) and 866 patients with N-EOUC (89.7%) between 1986 and 2015. During the median follow-up of 104.5 months, the overall exposure to medications was comparable between patients with EOUC and N-EOUC (p=0.091 for corticosteroids, p=0.794 for thiopurines, and p=0.095 for anti-tumor necrosis factor agents). The cumulative risks of disease outcomes were also comparable between patients with EOUC and N-EOUC (22.4% vs 30.4% for proximal disease extension [p=0.351], 11.9% vs 18.1% for hospitalization [p=0.240], and 2.3% vs 1.8% for colectomy [p=0.977]) at 10 years after diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that corticosteroid use at diagnosis was an independent predictor of proximal disease extension (hazard ratio [HR], 6.216; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.314 to 28.826) and hospitalization (HR, 11.241; 95% CI, 3.027 to 41.742) in patients with EOUC.ConclusionsIn this population-based study from Korea, the pattern of medication use seemed comparable between the EOUC and N-EOUC groups. Moreover, patients with EOUC and those with N-EOUC have a similar disease course in terms of proximal disease extension, hospitalization, and colectomy. (Gut Liver 2021;15-751)     

Burden of viral respiratory disease hospitalizations among children in a community of Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1995 - 2005

Our objective was to describe respiratory disease hospitalizations among children in a community of Seoul, Republic of Korea. Discharge data (January 1995-December 2005) from Guro Hospital (Seoul, Republic of Korea) were collected from the hospital medical records office. Respiratory virus test results (March 2004-December 2005) and hospitalization charges to the National Health Insurance Corporation (January 2002-December 2005) were provided by hospital laboratory and administrative departments. Variations in hospitalizations, test results and total hospitalization-associated medical charges were described by age, clinical complaint, discharge month and length of stay. Over the 11-y period, 4247 paediatric hospitalizations for lower respiratory disease occurred. Semi-annual epidemics were identified in October-December and April-May. Among a subset (n=400) of patients, 48% had respiratory syncytial virus, 16% parainfluenza virus, 19% influenza viruses and 17% adenovirus infection. On admission, children had respiratory problems (53%), fever (39%), or other systemic problems (8%). The median charge of a lower respiratory disease hospitalization was highest in January ($1334) and lowest in October ($1076). Median hospitalization charges were highest among children 8-15 years of age compared with younger children 相似文献   

Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Malta between 1993 and 2005: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND: The primary aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in Malta in a well-defined population during a 13-year study period. METHODS: Diagnostic criteria for CD and UC were defined. A diagnosis of IBD was obtained from the histopathology reports at St. Luke's Hospital, Malta, between January 1993 and December 2005. The date of diagnosis was defined as the date of the first histopathology report revealing signs of IBD. RESULTS: Incidence rates were standardized using the direct method on the European Standard Population. The mean incidence of UC in males was 8.16 per 100,000 per year and for females was 7.59 per 100,000 per year, while that for CD in males was 0.96 per 100,000 per year and for females 1.622 per 100,000 per year. Using linear regression, in UC there is an almost significant (P = 0.069) increasing trend with time but no difference by gender (P = 0.591). On the other hand, in CD there is no significant trend with time (P = 0.555) but almost a significant difference by gender (P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first Maltese study in which the incidence of IBD has been recorded. In Malta the incidence of UC is similar to the overall incidence of other European countries while the incidence of CD is lower. In fact, the incidence rates of CD are among the lowest in Europe, similar to other southern European countries.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) once considered to be a disease only of the Western world is no longer so. Though good epidemiological studies are available from the West, still the information available from Asia is inadequate. This article is a review of the available epidemiological studies from Asia. The incidence / prevalence rates of IBD are still the highest in Europe and North America, though there is convincing evidence of rising trend of IBD in Asian countries; India probably heads the list. There is a need to study the role of various environmental and genetic factors in different countries in Asia. At present, ulcerative colitis predominates but Crohn's disease is expected to manifest more in coming years.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Focus on Asia

The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is changing globally. Incidence and prevalence may have stabilized in high-incidence areas such as North America and Europe but they continue to rise in previously low-incidence areas such as Eastern Europe, Asia, and much of the developing world. This epidemiological shift likely relates to westernization of lifestyle, changes in diet, and improved hygiene as part of socioeconomic development in developing countries. In Asia, UC is more prevalent than CD, although the UC:CD ratio is narrowing in certain areas. Clinical manifestations of IBD in Asia resemble the Western population, but with some differences, including higher prevalence of males and ileo-colonic CD, less familial clustering, lower surgical rates and extra-intestinal manifestations. These differences may relate to time, genetics and environmental factors. Studying the epidemiology of IBD in an area of rapidly increasing incidence may lead to discovery of important etiologic factors associated with disease development.     

Familial occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease in Korea

BACKGROUND: Little information is available about the familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asian populations. We therefore determined the risk of familial aggregation of IBD among first-degree relatives of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) in an ethnically distinct Korean population. METHODS: Familial aggregation of IBD was evaluated in terms of family history, prevalence, lifetime risk, and population relative risk in first-degree relatives of 1440 unrelated patients with UC (n = 1043) or CD (n = 397). RESULTS: A positive first-degree family history of IBD was observed in 27 probands (1.88%): 21 of 1043 (2.01%) with UC and 6 of 397 (1.51%) with CD. The crude prevalence of IBD in first-degree relatives of probands with IBD was 0.31%. The lifetime risk of IBD was 0.54% in all first-degree relatives of IBD probands, 0.52% in UC probands, and 0.67% in CD probands, with overall lifetime relative risks of 0.12% in parents, 0.79% in siblings, and 1.43% in offspring. The age- and sex-adjusted population relative risk of IBD was 13.8 in first-degree relatives of probands with IBD. CONCLUSIONS: Although a positive family history, prevalence, and lifetime risk of IBD among first-degree relatives of Korean IBD patients are much lower than among relatives of Western patients, the population relative risk in first-degree relatives is about equal in Koreans and Westerners. This finding indicates that a positive family history is an important risk factor for IBD in Koreans and in Westerners.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Province of Granada, Spain: a retrospective study from 1979 to 1988.

An epidemiological study of inflammatory bowel disease in the Province of Granada, Spain, was conducted between 1979 and 1988. Altogether, 257 cases were identified: 167 ulcerative colitis, 79 Crohn's disease, and 11 indeterminate colitis. The mean incidence of ulcerative colitis in the 10 year period was 2/10(5) and 0.9/10(5) for Crohn's disease. This is the first epidemiological study in Spain of the incidence of ulcerative colitis and corroborates the results of an earlier population based study on the incidence of Crohn's disease in Spain.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in adults who refer to gastroenterology care in Romania: a multicentre study

AIM: The Romanian Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy developed a multicentre, prospective study to evaluate the frequency and epidemiological features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in an adult population that refers to gastroenterology centres in Romania. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen centres with adequate diagnostic and therapeutic facilities uniformly distributed across Romania reported through a proforma the new and old IBD cases between 1 June 2002 and 1 June 2003. The rates of incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have been reported per 100 000 inhabitants. Epidemiological features and disease characteristics were analysed. RESULTS: During the study, 407 cases of UC (163 incident cases) and 254 cases of CD (85 incident cases) were identified. The incidence in the referral population was 0.97/100 000 and 0.50/100 000 for UC and CD, respectively, whereas the prevalences was 2.42/100 000 and 1.51/100 000 for UC and CD, respectively. A slight male predominance, wider age distribution and predominant urban residence were the main demographic features of incident cases; smoking and appendectomy/appendicitis were infrequent in UC, while a higher proportion of CD patients were smokers. Lower rates of severe, extensive or complicated IBD were noted as compared with the literature. CONCLUSION: Incidence and prevalence rates of IBD in Romania are low. Predominant male involvement and a wider distribution of incident cases were the main demographic features in our population. IBD in our patients had a more 'benign' course as compared with the literature, with lower rates of severe, extensive or complicated disease and a small proportion of patients who need surgery.     

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in South America: A systematic review

BACKGROUND The worldwide epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is rapidly changing. Increasing Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) incidence and prevalence have been recorded in developing regions such as Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe where it was previously thought to be uncommon. Whether this is also the case in South America is not well known. Demonstration that developing regions worldwide have increasing IBD incidence would indicate that environmental change plays a significant role in the development of IBD.AIM To report the incidence, prevalence and disease characteristics of CD and UC within the South American continent.METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching published studies in major international and regional databases(MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus) between January 1990 and December 2018. Outcomes considered were incidence,prevalence, phenotype, environmental and genetic factors, ethnicity and gender.A pair of independent reviewers screened and reviewed all identified articles.RESULTS One hundred and sixty two citations were initially retrieved with 18 studies included in this systematic review. The majority of included studies were from Brazil(n =13, 72%). The incidence of UC ranged from 4.3-5.3/100000 personyears whilst the incidence of CD ranged from 0.74-3.5/100000 person-years.Prevalence ranged from 15.0-24.1/100000 inhabitants for UC and from 2.4-14.1/100000 inhabitants for CD. The incidence and prevalence of both UC and CD has increased significantly in Brazil over the past 21 years. Pancolitis was the most common disease distribution in patients with UC whilst colonic involvement was the most common distribution in CD. People residing in urbanareas were at higher risk of developing both CD and UC.CONCLUSION The IBD burden in South America is increasing at a rate possibly even greater than other developing regions around the world. There is a paucity of highquality epidemiological studies and further robust and representative data are required to further explore modifiable risk factors and disease phenotypes.