高龄无保护左主干病变患者血运重建术的长期预后

目的:本研究旨在对比经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗高龄(≥65岁)无保护左主干病变(ULMCA)的长期预后。方法:入选2003年1月至2009年7月,北京安贞医院行PCI或CABG治疗的高龄(≥65岁)ULMCA患者427例(210例行PCI置入药物洗脱支架,217例行CABG),研究终点包括全因死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、卒中、心源性死亡/心肌梗死/卒中联合硬终点以及主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE,包括心原性死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、卒中及再次血运重建的联合终点)。Cox比例风险模型用以计算风险比(HR)及95%可信区间(CI),及多因素分析。结果:随访时间7.0(5.2,8.1)年,校正前结果显示,心源性死亡/心肌梗死/卒中联合硬终点发生率CABG组显著高于PCI组(HR=1.544,95%CI:1.003～2.375,P=0.048)。卒中发生率CABG组显著高于PCI组(HR=3.089,95%CI:1.332～7.162,P=0.009)。再次血运重建发生率PCI组显著高于CABG组(HR=0.278,95%CI:0.159～0.486,P0.001)。全因死亡率两组间差异无统计学意义(HR=1.545,95%CI:0.951～2.510,P=0.079)。非致命性心肌梗死发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(HR=0.619,95%CI:0.314～1.222,P=0.167)。MACCE发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(HR=0.770,95%CI:0.550～1.079;P=0.129)。经Cox多因素分析校正后,CABG组心源性死亡/心肌梗死/卒中联合硬终点发生率仍显著高于PCI组(P=0.048),CABG组卒中发生率显著高于PCI组(P=0.011),PCI组MACCE发生率显著高于CABG组(P=0.027),主要由于PCI组较CABG组显著升高的再次血运重建率(P0.001),死亡、心肌梗死经校正后两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:CABG较PCI治疗高龄ULMCA患者的卒中发生率及心源性死亡、卒中、心肌梗死联合终点发生率显著升高,PCI组再次血运重建率显著升高。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术与冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗无保护左主干病变远期疗效的Meta分析

目的:比较经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)对无保护左主干病变(ULMCA)的远期疗效和安全性。方法:检索PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane数据库,收集国内外公开发表的关于ULMCA行PCI与CABG术后长期随访的对比研究,研究的相关临床终点为全因死亡、心肌梗死、脑血管事件、靶血管血运重建。采用RevMan 5软件进行数据分析。结果:最终纳入文献8篇,共11 332例患者,3年以上随访结果显示,PCI组与CABG组全因死亡率(OR=1.02,95%CI:0.73~1.42,P=0.92)、脑血管事件发生率(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.33~1.07,P=0.08)差异无统计学意义,但PCI组心肌梗死率(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.43~2.11,P0.000 01)、靶血管血运重建发生率(OR=2.60,95%CI:1.81~3.72,P0.000 01)显著增高。亚组分析结果显示:5年随访,与CABG组相比,PCI组全因死亡率(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.64~1.28,P=0.59)轻微降低,脑血管事件发生率(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.28~1.48,P=0.29)无明显差异,但心肌梗死率(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.62~2.69,P0.000 01)、靶血管血运重建发生率(OR=2.70,95%CI:1.80~4.03,P0.000 01)仍显著增高。7年随访,与CABG组相比,PCI组全因死亡率(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.46~0.80,P=0.000 4)、脑血管事件发生率(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.16~0.32,P0.000 01)均显著降低,心肌梗死率(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.39~2.86,P=0.000 2)、靶血管血运重建发生率(OR=2.37,95%CI:1.65~3.41,P0.000 01)仍显著增高。结论:PCI与CABG治疗ULMCA患者3年随访全因死亡率、脑血管事件发生率相当,但PCI心肌梗死率与靶血管血运重建发生率较高。分层分析后7年随访,与CABG相比,PCI全因死亡率、脑血管事件发生率均显著降低,心肌梗死率、靶血管血运重建发生率仍显著增高。     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再次血运重建的危险因素研究

目的探讨冠心病患者PCI术后再次血运重建的相关因素分析。方法回顾性分析278例冠心病患者介入治疗的临床资料,分为再次血运重建组(血运重建组)55例,无再次血运重建组(无血运重建组)223例,比较2组的病史、症状和冠状动脉造影等临床资料。对复发胸痛再次血运重建的患者进行危险因素分析。结果与无血运重建组比较,血运重建组第一次入院诊断为急性心肌梗死(50.9%vs 14.3%,P=0.030)、心功能≥Ⅱ级(34.5%vs9.0%,P=0.020)、室壁运动异常(72.7%vs 26.9%,P=0.035)、多支冠状动脉病变(89.1%vs 40.4%,P=0.010)等均显著增高,差异有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归显示,复发胸痛(OR:2.49,95%CI:1.16～5.00,P=0.020)、左心室舒张末内径(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.00～1.22,P=0.043)是血运重建治疗的独立预测因素,而冠状动脉单支病变(OR:0.25,95%CI:0.15～0.90,P=0.040)和双支病变(OR:0.22,95%CI:0.07～0.53,P=0.006)较冠状动脉3支病变再次血运重建治疗风险低。结论冠心病患者PCI术后1年的随访提示,复发胸痛、严重的冠状动脉病变和左心室舒张末容积增大是再次血运重建治疗的独立危险因素。     

住院期间完全血运重建与仅罪犯血管血运重建对ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者远期预后的影响

目的:比较住院期间经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)部分血运重建(IRA-only)和完全血运重建(CR)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)合并多支冠状动脉病变患者的远期预后。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年7月发病12 h内到达北京朝阳医院心脏中心并接受急诊PCI的592例合并多支冠状动脉病变的STEMI患者,在住院期间择期干预非罪犯血管为CR组(n=341),择期PCI平均延迟(5.2±2.2)天;未干预非罪犯病变的患者为IRA-only组(n=251)。所有患者置入药物洗脱支架。比较两组患者远期预后,其中主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)包括全因死亡、再发心肌梗死、脑卒中以及再次冠状动脉血运重建。结果:两组临床基线特征相似,具备可比性。随访7～10年,平均随访(105.0±13.6)个月期间,CR组MACCE发生率与IRA-only组无显著差异(21.2%vs 26.0%,P=0.26),两组死亡、脑卒中及再发心肌梗死无显著差异,IRAonly组仅再次血运重建率显著高于CR组(21.5%vs 14.8%,OR=1.48,95%CI:1.01～2.18,P=0.04),主要表现在非罪犯血管再次血运重建率较高(14.6%vs 5.7%, OR=2.69,95%CI:1.54～4.69,P0.001)。结论:对于已经接受急诊PCI合并多支血管病变的STEMI患者,住院期间择期干预非罪犯病变血管未降低远期MACCE。     

血管内超声与冠状动脉造影指导的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的：系统评价血管内超声（intravascular ultrasound,IVUS）与冠状动脉造影指导的经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效和安全性。方法：计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、CBM、CNKI、维普数据库和万方数据库，纳入血管内超声在急性心肌梗死PCI治疗中应用的相关临床研究，采用RevMan5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果：最终纳入9篇满足要求的临床研究，共计39 302例患者。Meta分析结果显示：与冠状动脉造影指导的急性心肌梗死PCI治疗相比，IVUS指导PCI的主要心血管不良事件（OR=0.80,95%CI:0.74～0.86,P <0.00001）、心源性死亡（OR=0.64,95%CI:0.48～0.85,P=0.002）、心肌梗死（OR=0.86,95%CI:0.74～0.99,P=0.04）、支架内血栓（OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49～0.88,P=0.005）、靶血管血运重建（OR=0.80,95%...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后近期和远期预后的性别差异

目的:探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后近期和远期预后的性别差异。方法:连续性纳入了2013年1月至2016年1月于北京友谊医院心内科行PCI的STEMI患者909例,按照性别分为男性组(n=703)和女性组(n=206)。比较两组患者的基线特征以及近期和远期的预后情况。近期终点事件为PCI后30天内全因死亡。远期终点事件包括PCI后30个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和血运重建的复合终点)、全因死亡、心原性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和血运重建。结果:与男性组患者相比,女性组患者的年龄更大,合并高血压及糖尿病的比例更高(P均0.05),两组患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度以及介入干预的情况差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。女性组PCI后30天内全因死亡的发生率显著高于男性组(5.3%vs 1.4%,P=0.001),但女性并非PCI后30天内死亡的独立危险因素(OR=2.41,95%CI:0.64～9.10,P=0.192)。多因素校正后,女性患者PCI后30个月内MACE (HR=0.91,95%CI:0.52～1.60,P=0.762)、全因死亡(HR=0.65,95%CI:0.29～1.45,P=0.300)、心原性死亡(HR=0.62,95%CI:0.27～1.45,P=0.279)、非致死性心肌梗死(HR=0.48,95%CI:0.17～1.36,P=0.172)以及血运重建(HR=1.28,95%CI:0.51～3.22,P=0.598)的发生风险均与男性患者相近,差异无统计学意义。结论:女性STEMI患者在PCI后近期预后较差,全因死亡发生率高,但远期预后与男性患者相似。     

不同时间窗干预非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征疗效观察

目的 比较非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者早期干预和延迟干预的有效性和安全性.方法 本试验为多中心随机研究,将入选的非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者分配至早期组(24 h内接受冠状动脉造影)和延迟组(36 h后接受冠状动脉造影),接受介入治疗或冠状动脉旁路移植术.主要终点是180 d随访时死亡、心肌梗死、卒中的复合终点,次要终点是180 d随访时死亡、心肌梗死、难治性缺血、卒中、再次血运重建.结果 共有815例患者入选,主要终点事件发生率早期组为9.0%,延迟组为14.6%(P=0.01).次要终点事件(180 d死亡、心肌梗死或难治性缺血复合终点)的发生率早期组为14.6%,延迟组为22.0%(P=0.01).180 d心肌梗死发生率延迟组高于早期组(10.8%比5.2%,P=0.00).另一个次要终点事件(180 d死亡、心肌梗死、难治性缺血、卒中或再次血运重建复合终点)的发生率早期组为26.7%,延迟组为30.4%(P=0.25).结论 早期干预可以减少非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者再发心肌梗死的发生率.     

经皮冠状动脉介入/优化药物治疗对慢性完全闭塞病变患者长期死亡率影响的Meta分析

目的:目前对于是否开通慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变的研究结论不一致。本研究分别基于随机对照研究及倾向性匹配研究分析,对比经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与药物保守治疗对CTO患者长期死亡率的影响。方法:检索Pubmed, Embase,以及Cochrane Library数据库。主要终点为全因死亡。次要终点为心源性死亡,心肌梗死和非计划性血运重建。纳入的研究随访时间至少为12个月。结果:本研究纳入4项随机对照研究和10项倾向性匹配研究,共计7 446例患者。纳入的研究随访时间为12～60个月。基于随机对照研究分析显示,两组全因死亡(OR=1.12, 95%CI:0.52～2.40),心源性死亡(OR=1.93, 95%CI:0.27～13.85)和心肌梗死(OR=1.32, 95%CI:0.89-1.96)发生率无统计学差异。基于倾向性匹配研究分析显示,PCI开通CTO病变显著降低全因死亡(OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.42～0.68),心源性死亡(OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.41～0.69)和心肌梗死(OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.40～0.94)发生率。无论是基于随机对照研究和倾向性匹配研究分析,两组非计划性血运重建发生率相当。结论:针对CTO患者,基于倾向性研究分析显示,与药物保守治疗相比PCI开通CTO病变减少全因死亡率;基于随机对照研究分析显示,PCI开通CTO病变并未减少全因死亡率。     

比伐卢定与肝素用于急性冠状动脉综合征患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术的疗效荟萃分析

目的系统评价比伐卢定与肝素制剂在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的安全性及有效性。方法计算机检索Pub Med、MEDLINE、Embase、Elsevier、Cochrane图书馆数据库及中国万方、中国知网(CNKI)数据库,收集比伐卢定与肝素用于ACS患者急诊PCI的随机对照试验(RCT),由两名研究者独立检索和评价相关文献,利用Rev Man 5.3软件进行数据统计学处理。观察短期(住院期间至30 d)的主要不良心血管事件(MACEs,包括死亡、再次心肌梗死、再次血运重建)及术后出血并发症、急性与亚急性支架血栓。结果共纳入12项研究,26 822例患者。Meta分析显示,比伐卢定与肝素无论单用或者联用血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂,两组全因死亡(RR=1.02,95%CI:0.85~1.22,P=0.85)、心肌梗死(RR=1.15,95%CI:0.95~1.40,P=0.16)、30 d支架内血栓(RR=1.36,95%CI:0.89~2.07,P=0.15)、亚急性支架血栓(24 h~30 d)(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.54~1.42,P=0.60)、再次血运重建(RR=1.15,95%CI:0.98~1.34,P=0.08)发生率差异均无统计学意义;而比伐卢定组短期出血风险较肝素组显著降低(RR=0.61,95%CI:0.46~0.81,P=0.000 8),比伐卢定组24 h内急性支架内血栓的发生率高于肝素组(RR=3.76,95%CI:2.12~6.66,P<0.000 01)。结论对ACS患者行急诊PCI时,比伐卢定与肝素在全因死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、30 d内支架血栓及24 h~30 d支架血栓的结局相似,比伐卢定在降低术后出血风险上较肝素更有优势,但会增加24 h内急性支架血栓形成的风险。     

合并多支血管病变的ST段抬高型心肌梗死血运重建策略的Meta分析

目的合并多支冠状动脉血管病变(MVD)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者目前最佳的血运重建策略仍存在争议。因此,本研究对不同的血运重建策略进行系统评价。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane library、Web of Science、CNKI和CBM,灰色数据库Opengrey和ProQuest(检索年限均从建库至2018年10月)中合并MVD的STEMI患者的不同血运重建策略的随机对照试验(RCT)研究。包括早期完全血运重建(CR)策略和直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)时仅处理梗死相关血管(IR)策略。分析的结局指标包括:死亡率、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)、再发心肌梗死发生率、再次血运重建率。结果纳入7项RCT研究,共1908例患者。早期CR组与IR组比较,两组死亡率无统计学差异(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.50～1.13;P=0.17);早期CR组与IR组比较,两组再次血运重建率(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.23～0.40;P0.01);再次心肌梗死率(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.35～0.79;P0.01)及MACE发生率有统计学差异(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.29～0.46;P0.01)。结论 STEMI患者中早期完全血运重建相比仅处理梗死相关血管组,死亡率无明显差异,但再次血运重建率、再发心肌梗死发生率及MACE发生率明显降低。     

细胞色素P4502C19基因多态性对介入术后服用氯吡格雷冠心病患者临床预后的影响

目的 探讨细胞色素P450(CYP)2C19 681G>A基因多态性对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后服用氯吡格雷冠心病患者临床预后的影响.方法 入选2009年1月1日至8月31日拟行PCI,并在术后服用氯吡格雷12个月的冠心病患者267例.采用MassARRAY时间飞行质谱检测入选患者CYP2C19 681G>A位点.按基因型不同,将患者分为CYP2C19*1/*1组 (n=130)和CYP2C19*2携带组(n=137).观察两组患者术后1年心绞痛复发、紧急血运重建术、急性心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成和死亡的发生情况.结果 两组患者的临床基本资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).PCI术后1年,CYP2C19*2携带组紧急血运重建术和联合终点事件的发生率均高于CYP2C19*1/*1组 (分别为7.3%比1.5%和8.0%比2.3%,P均<0.05).两组患者心绞痛复发、急性心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成和死亡的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).CYP2C19*2携带组随访1年的累积联合终点事件发生风险是CYP2C19*1/*1组的3.59倍(HR=3.59,95%CI:1.02～12.87,P<0.05).结论 CYP2C19 681G>A基因多态性可能是影响PCI术后服用氯吡格雷冠心病患者临床预后的因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the impact of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 681G>A polymorphism on long-term prognosis of clopidogrel-treated Chinese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Between January 1, 2009 and August 31,2009, 267 patients with coronary heart disease who received PCI and treated with clopidogrel for 12 months were enrolled. CYP2C19*2 was detected by MALDI-TOF MS and patients were grouped into CYP2C19*1/*1(n=130) and CYP2C19*2 carriers group (n=137). Follow-up was 12 months. The primary endpoint was angina recurrence, urgent coronary revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, death and the combined end points. Results Baseline data were similar between two groups (P>0.05).Urgent coronary revascularization and the combined end points occurred more frequently in CYP2C19*2 carriers than in CYP2C19*1/*1 patients (7.3% vs. 1.5% and 8.0% vs. 2.3% respectively,all P<0.05). But incidence of angina recurrence, acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and death was similar between two groups (all P>0.05).Hazard risk of 1 year cumulative survival of CYP2C19*2 carriers group was significantly higher than CYP2C19*1/*1 group after PCI (HR=3.59, 95%CI: 1.02-12.87, P<0.05). Conclusion CYP2C19 681G>A polymorphism is a determinant of prognosis in coronary heart disease patients receiving chronic clopidogrel treatment after PCI.     

Improved clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction: final 1-year results of the REPAIR-AMI trial.

AIMS: To investigate the clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of autologous progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial design, we randomized 204 patients with successfully reperfused AMI to receive intracoronary infusion of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMCs) or placebo medium into the infarct artery 3-7 days after successful infarct reperfusion therapy. At 12 months, the pre-specified cumulative endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or necessity for revascularization was significantly reduced in the BMC group compared with placebo (P=0.009). Likewise, the combined endpoint death, recurrence of myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization for heart failure was significantly (P=0.006) reduced in patients receiving intracoronary BMC administration. Intracoronary administration of BMC remained a significant predictor of a favourable clinical outcome by Cox regression analysis, adjusting for classical predictors of poor outcome after AMI. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary administration of BMCs is associated with a significant reduction of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events after AMI. Large-scale studies are warranted to confirm the effects of BMC administration on mortality and morbidity in patients with AMIs.     

不同血运重建策略对存在多支血管病变的非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后影响的Meta分析

目的 系统评价不同血运重建策略对存在多支血管病变的非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者预后的影响,以便为临床诊疗提供指导.方法 检索Pubmed、Embase、CNKI及万方数据库,收集与NSTEMI并发多支血管病变采用不同血运重建策略治疗的相关临床随机对照研究,评价纳入研究质量,提取有效数据后通过Revman ...     

中高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征早期侵入与早期保守策略的评价

目的　了解早期侵入与早期保守策略对中高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者住院主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生情况的影响。方法　根据入院后冠状动脉造影(CAG)与否和时间(≤48h与>48h)对910例中高危非ST段抬高ACS患者分为早期侵入策略组(n=237)和早期保守策略(n=673)两组,分析早期策略与血管重建方式对住院MACE(包括死亡、新发心肌梗死和靶血管再次血管重建)的关系。结果　早期侵入与早期保守组的住院病死率和靶血管血管重建率相当,早期侵入组的住院时间较短,住院MACE(6. 3%比2 .5%,OR0 .384, 95% CI0 188~0 .781,P=0 .006)与新发心肌梗死(4. 6%比0 .9%,OR0 .185, 95% CI0 068~0 .505,P=0.001)的发生率更高。早期侵入组MACE与新发心肌梗死的增加可能与其血管重建操作较多( 86 .9%比67. 5%,P<0 .001)有关。亚组分析显示,早期侵入组与早期保守组中接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者新发心肌梗死、靶血管再次血管重建(TVR)和MACE发生率均相当,无1例死亡;而早期侵入组中接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的患者新发心肌梗死的发生率高于早期保守组中接受CABG的患者(7 .5%比1 .8%,P=0 .027)。结论　中高危非ST段抬高ACS患者采取早期侵入策略不增加住院病死率,但有可能增加住院心肌梗死。早期PCI安全可行     

Early versus delayed percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Background: Studies assessing the timing of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with Non‐ST segment elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) have failed to generate a consensus on how early PCI should be performed in such patients. Purpose: This meta‐analysis compares clinical outcomes at 30 days in NSTE‐ACS patients undergoing PCI within 24 hours of presentation (early PCI) with those receiving PCI more than 24 hours after presentation (delayed PCI). Data Sources: Data were extracted from searches of MEDLINE (1990‐2010) and Google scholar and from scrutiny of abstract booklets from major cardiology meetings (1990‐2010). Study selection: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that included the composite endpoint of death and non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days after PCI were considered. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data using standard forms. The effects of early and delayed PCI were analyzed by calculating pooled estimates for death, non‐fatal MI, bleeding, repeat revascularization and the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 days. Univariate analysis of each of these variables was used to create odds ratios. Data Synthesis: Seven studies with a total of 13,762 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the odds of the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 days between patients undergoing early PCI and those receiving delayed PCI (OR‐0.83, 95%CI 0.62‐1.10). Patients receiving delayed PCI experienced a 33% reduction in the odds of repeat revascularization at 30 days compared to those undergoing early PCI (OR‐1.33, 95%CI 1.14‐1.56, P=0.0004).Conversely, patients undergoing early PCI experienced lower odds of bleeding than those receiving delayed PCI (OR‐0.76, 95%CI 0.63‐0.91, P = 0.0003). Conclusions: In NSTE‐ACS patients early PCI doesn't reduce the odds of the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 day. This strategy is associated with lower odds of bleeding and higher odds of repeat revascularization at 30 days than a strategy of delayed PCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A comparison of transradial and transfemoral approaches for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in a high volume percutaneous coronary intervention center

Background Large percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） centers have shown statistically better prognosis with transradial approach （TRA） compared with transfemoral approach （TFA）. So we tried to compare the outcomes between TRA and TFA in one high volume PCI center in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients undergoing primary PCI. Method Six hundred and sixty two STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI with stents implantation were retrospectively included from June 1, 2006 to April 30, 2011 in our hospital and prospectively followed for one year. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events （NACE） which included death, myocardial infarction （MI）, stroke, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and major bleeding. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） which included death, MI and TVR. Results The occurrence rates of NACE （8.0% vs. 17.0%, P = 0.0018）, access site complications （4.0% vs. 10.7% P = 0.0027） and access site-related major bleeding （2.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.0254） were all higher in the TFA group than in the TRA group. The incidence rate of 1 year MACE was similar between TRA and TFA （8.5% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.0932）. The inverse probabilities weighting matched multivariable Cox regression analysis showed TRA was an independent predictor of lower rates of in-hospital NACE （HR： 0.58, 95% CI： 0.34-0.99, P = 0.0477）, in-hospital death （HR： 0.31, 95% CI： 0.10-0.73, P = 0.0499） and access site complications （HR： 0.37, 95% CI： 0.19-0.73, P = 0.0040）. Conclusions TRA showed great efficacy and safety for STEMI patients undergoing primar-y PCI in high volume PCI centers. It should be recommended as routine practice in future, and especially in those patients with high risk of bleeding.     

Predictors and long-term prognosis of left ventricular aneurysm in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the contemporary era

BackgroundPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the standard reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the incidence and prognosis of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) in AMI patients remain ambiguous. The aim of the current study is to identify the predictor and long-term prognosis of LVA in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 942 consecutive patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction who were treated by primary PCI. The baseline characteristics, procedural features, and one-year clinical outcomes were compared between the patients with and without LVA. The primary endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel revascularization, and ischemic stroke. Multiple logistic regression was applied to predict LVA formation and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the accuracy of the multivariate analysis model.ResultsThe general incidence of LVA was 15.92%. At one-year clinical follow-up, patients in the LVA group had significantly higher incidence of MACCEs (15.33% vs. 6.44%, P<0.01), mainly driven by an increased incidence of cardiac death (8.00% vs. 2.78%, P<0.01), target vessel revascularization (5.33% vs. 2.27%, P=0.03), and ischemic stroke (4.00% vs. 1.39%, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis found that longer symptom-to-balloon time (S2B) [odds ratio (OR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.21, P<0.01], higher initial and residual SYNTAX score (iSS, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14–1.24, P<0.01; rSS, OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45, P<0.01), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11–1.18, P<0.01), and persistent ST segment elevation (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06–3.38, P=0.03) were independent predictors of LVA formation.ConclusionsLVA is still common in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction in the contemporary PCI era, and the prognosis of these patients was significantly worse during the one-year clinical follow-up. Strategies of prompt reperfusion and complete revascularization may be helpful in preventing LVA formation and improving clinical outcomes.     

非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平与冠状动脉介入治疗预后的关系

目的探讨非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉(冠脉)综合征患者循环妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)水平与经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术预后的关系。方法检测86例单支冠脉病变的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者(不稳定型心绞痛58例,非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死28例)PCI术前PAPP-A和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,考察其冠脉病变形态和术前术后罪犯血管供血区域的TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),分析它们与术后随访1年内的主要心血管事件联合终点之间的关系。结果与无心血管事件患者比较,有心血管事件的患者术前hs-CRP水平较高(P=0.016),PAPP-A水平也明显升高[(28.55±20.21)mIU/L比(19.37±15.24)mIU/L,P=0.007],男性患者、高脂血症患者和有复杂病变的患者也较多。随访(9.7±3.0)个月期间,19例(22%)患者发生心血管事件;低PAPP-A的患者无心血管终点事件生存率较高(log rank=7.881,P=0.049),而PAPP-A≥15.41 mIU/L是强的联合终点事件预测因子(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.27～5.33,P=0.021)。结论 PAPP-A水平对单支血管病变的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后的中期预后有预测作用。     

Early administration of intracoronary verapamil improves myocardial perfusion during percutaneous coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Intracoronary calcium-channel blockers administered in the event of no reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been shown to improve myocardial perfusion. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the administration of intracoronary verapamil before the occurrence of no reflow during direct PCI. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center, nonrandomized, prospective study with a retrospective control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From September 2001 to December 2003, 50 consecutive patients with AMI were prospectively enrolled for intracoronary verapamil treatment. Intracoronary verapamil was administered immediately prior to balloon inflation and at short intervals during the procedure thereafter. Retrospectively, 50 consecutive AMI patients who had undergone direct PCI and had not received intracoronary calcium-channel blockers were enrolled as control subjects. Patients with cardiogenic shock or platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor were excluded. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were assessed prior to and following PCI by two independent cardiologists blinded to the procedures. RESULTS: The two groups had similar baseline and post-procedural angiographic characteristics, although the patients who been administered verapamil received more stent implantations than the control subjects (84% vs 60%, p = 0.008). Post-procedural TIMI flow < 3 (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 1.30; p = 0.18) and TMPG (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.46 to 3.34; p = 0.68) were not associated with the implantation of the stents. There were no significant difference in post-PCI TIMI flow (p = 0.68) and CTFC (p = 0.36) between patients treated with verapamil and the control subjects. Post-PCI TMPG was significantly better in patients treated with intracoronary verapamil (p = 0.003). Forty-two percent of the patients treated with verapamil were found to have TMPG-3, while only 14% of the control subjects were found to have the same degree of TMPG (p = 0.004). Treatment with intracoronary verapamil (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.58; p = 0.001) and pre-PCI TIMI flow (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.84; p = 0.006) were found by multiple logistic regression to be independent predictors of TMPG. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of intracoronary verapamil during direct PCI improves post-procedural myocardial perfusion, as evaluated by TMPG.     

Complementary effects of thienopyridine pretreatment and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade with eptifibatide in coronary stent intervention; results from the ESPRIT trial.

OBJECTIVES: This analysis sought to investigate the complementary effect of thienopyridine pretreatment and platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa integrin blockade in coronary stent intervention. BACKGROUND: Definitive evidence supporting combined antiplatelet therapy consisting of thienopyridine pretreatment and GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is limited. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes by thienopyridine use in the 2,040 patients randomized to eptifibatide or placebo who underwent PCI in the ESPRIT trial. RESULTS: A total of 901 patients received a loading dose of thienopyridine before PCI (group 1), 123 received thienopyridine pretreatment without a loading dose (group 2), and 1,016 were not treated with thienopyridine before PCI (group 3). The composite incidence of death or myocardial infarction at 30 days was significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 combined (OR, 0.71 [95%CI, 0.52-0.99]; P = 0.0417). A similar trend was seen for the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent target vessel revascularization (unadjusted OR, 0.77 [0.57-1.05]; P = 0.1025). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, these differences were no longer significant. No interactions were identified with eptifibatide assignment for any of the group comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with a loading dose of thienopyridine lowers the rate of ischemic complications regardless of treatment with a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Conversely, the efficacy of eptifibatide is maintained whether or not a loading dose of a thienopyridine is administered. Optimal outcomes are achieved in patients receiving thienopyridine pretreatment along with platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy.