STARR手术治疗排便梗阻综合征临床疗效分析

目的评价经肛吻合器直肠切除术(STARR)治疗排便梗阻综合征(ODS)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行STARR手术治疗ODS 18例的临床资料。结果本组患者平均随访时间38个月(4~68个月),术前ODS评分从14.5±4.9到术后3个月降至5.9±5.0。随访期间,术后便秘症状改善61.1%(11例),无效16.7%(3例),术后复发22.2%(4例),其中2例再次行手术治疗,1例再次行STARR手术治疗,1例行结肠切除回直肠吻合,术后便秘症状改善。术后并发症:急便感11.1%(2例),肛门坠胀11.1%(2例),无术后出血、感染、直肠阴道瘘、直肠狭窄等重大并发症。随访期间未见肛门失禁。术后治疗满意度72.2%。结论 STARR手术治疗ODS安全有效,创伤小,恢复快,并发症少。     

经肛门手术治疗直肠全层脱垂

目的：探讨经肛门入路手术方式治疗直肠全层脱垂的疗效。方法直肠全层脱垂38例,28例行经肛门直肠乙状结肠部分切除术（Altemeier术）;8例行经肛门吻合器直肠切除术（STARR术）;2例行改良经肛门吻合器直肠切除术（TST STARR Plus术）。结果切除直肠全层标本长度：Altemeier术8～30 cm,STARR术及TST STARR Plus术4～6 cm。术中并发症：STARR术及TST STARR Plus术各发生吻合器切割后钉合不全1例,给予3-0可吸收线缝合。术后近期并发症：无一例发生吻合口瘘,无一例术后严重早期并发症,2例Altemeier、1例STARR患者术后1周内出现吻合口出血,保守治疗成功。术后平均住院时间为6 d（5～8 d）。中位随访时间38个月（1～47个月）,每日排大便次数1～3次,1例患者行Altemeier术后12．5个月复发,1例Altemeier术后吻合口狭窄给予多次扩肛后完全缓解。随访期间所有患者术后性功能未受影响。结论 Altemeier术是治疗＞5 cm的直肠完全脱垂的可靠术式;STARR术和TST STARR Plus术可用于治疗长度＜5 cm的直肠完全脱垂,但STARR术特别是TST STARR Plus术的远期疗效尚需进一步研究证实。     

STARR术与Bresler术治疗出口梗阻型便秘的短期疗效比较

目的 比较STARR术与Bresler术治疗出口梗阻型便秘（ODS）的短期疗效.方法 回顾性分析并比较由直肠前突和/或直肠内脱垂引起的女性出口梗阻型便秘患者行STARR手术或者Bresler手术的临床资料各30例.结果 STARR术平均手术时间14～31 min,平均（23±4）min,术中出血量5～15 ml,平均（10±3）ml.术后住院时间4～7d,平均5d.术后2例直肠肛门疼痛,其中l例持续至术后6个月;5例轻度大便失禁（肛门失禁评分小于3）,均自行恢复;1例吻合口轻度出血.术后均随访6个月,临床疗效评估满意度为76％.Bresler术平均手术时间15～30 min,平均（22±5）min,术中出血量5～15 ml,平均（10 ±2） ml.术后住院时间4～6d,平均5d.术后3例直肠肛门疼痛,其中1例持续至术后6个月;4例轻度大便失禁（肛门失禁评分小于3）,均自行恢复;2例直肠切割线轻度出血.术后均随访6个月,临床疗效评估满意度为73％.两种手术方式在平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院时间以及短期临床效果评估上差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 对经严格筛选的ODS患者,两种手术方式短期治疗效果相当,但二者长期疗效比较尚需进一步论证.     

STARR手术治疗出口梗阻型便秘214例的临床分析

目的评价吻合器经肛门直肠切除术(STARR手术)治疗出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)的临床疗效及并发症。方法回顾分析我院自2006年4月至2009年6月214例STARR手术治疗出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)的疗效和并发症。结果 214例手术完成顺利,术后1周内81.7%患者效果显著(41.5%痊愈,40.2%显效),17.8%有效,仅1例(0.4%)无效。术后6个月,门诊及电话随访136例(63.6%),随访患者中80.1%效果显著(33.1%痊愈,47.1%显效),19.1%有效,仅1例(0.7%)无效。无大出血、肛门失禁、后腹膜及盆腔感染、直肠阴道瘘等重大并发症。结论在严格掌握适应证的基础上,STARR手术治疗直肠前突和直肠黏膜内套叠引起的排便梗阻综合征(OOC)是安全有效的,与传统手术比较,具有住院时间和手术时间短、并发症少、恢复快等优点。     

TST STARR+：治疗出口梗阻型便秘的一项新术式

直肠前突和直肠内脱垂是引起出口梗阻型便秘（obstructed defecation syndrome,ODS）常见病因。经肛门吻合器直肠部分切除术（stapled transanal rectal resection,STARR）是近年来国际上治疗ODS的最常用术式。常规STARR需要使用两把PPH吻合器,且操作较复杂、学习曲线较长、切除组织容积有限。 Naldini等［1］报道了一种外径为36 mm、吻合腔容积大于35 cm3、钉高4．2 mm且具备4个可视开窗的圆形吻合器,将其应用于ODS和脱垂痔的治疗,疗效显著,并将该技术命名为TST STARR＋。2013年4月至2014年5月,武汉大学中南医院结直肠肛门外科运用该技术治疗ODS患者100例,疗效满意,现报道如下。     

Delorme手术治疗25例直肠脱垂的疗效分析

目的探讨Delorifle手术在直肠脱垂治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2010年6月间4家医院收治的25例行Delorrne手术的完全性直肠脱垂患者的临床资料。结果25例患者中男性9例,女性16例．年龄46。72（平均52）岁。均顺利完成Delorme手术,无围手术期死亡病例。手术时间45～150（平均65）min,术中出血20～200（平均58）ml,住院时间5～14（平均8．5）d。术后7d,1例患者出现吻合口裂开出血,珠网膜下腔麻醉下再次止血缝合：术后发生轻微并发症8例次,1例顽固性疼痛．3例尿潴留,4例粪便嵌塞。随访时间2。6（平均3．5）年,期间复发1例。术后仍有粪便失禁、便秘和出血的比例分别为37．5％（6／16）、45．5％（5／11）和15．4％（2／11）,Wexner失禁评分明显降低（中位数5．0比9．0,P〈0．01）。肛门静息压和最大压榨压较术前明显增加．初始感觉容积和最大耐受容积较术前明显减少（均P〈0．01）。结论Delorme手术安全、易操作,术后肛门直肠功能明显改善,可考虑作为直肠脱垂的首选方法。     

经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术治疗直肠脱垂20例

目的：探讨经会阴直肠乙状结肠切除术（Altemeier术）治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年12月至2014年3月徐州市中心医院肛肠科和江苏省中医院肛肠科行Altemeier术治疗的20例直肠脱垂患者的临床资料。结果全组患者均顺利完成手术。术中失血量为30（20~40） ml,仅1例患者于术后第6天发生吻合口出血。随访11.3（3~30）月,均无脱垂复发。5例术前合并便秘患者术后Wexner便秘评分明显降低（P＜0.01）,症状改善。15例术前合并肛门失禁患者,7例术后Wexner肛门失禁评分明显降低（P＜0.01）,症状改善;余8例患者评分无变化,症状未改善。结论 Altemeier术是治疗直肠脱垂患者的有效术式。但其远期疗效还需要进行长期的、多中心大样本的研究。     

Altemeier手术治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂八例临床分析

目的探讨Altemeier手术治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂的临床疗效。方法直肠脱垂并嵌顿患者8例,均接受急诊Altemeier手术,其中4例附加回肠预防性造口手术。随访并观察8例患者的排便功能(每天排便次数、肛门失禁评分)和胃肠生活质量评分。结果术后吻合口出血1例,保守治疗成功。术后住院6~9天,平均住院时间为7天。远期并发吻合口狭窄1例,给予多次扩肛后完全缓解。随访2~58个月,无1例患者出现直肠脱垂复发,每天排便次数1~3次,肛门失禁评分由术前的6.3分降低至3.1分,胃肠生活质量评分由术前的103分上升至118.3分。结论Altemeier手术并发症少,疗效可靠,可作为治疗嵌顿性直肠脱垂的首选术式。     

股薄肌转移修补复杂直肠阴道（尿道）瘘的前瞻陛研究

目的评估股薄肌转移修补治疗复杂直肠阴道（尿道）瘘的临床疗效。方法前瞻性收集2009年5月至2011年11月间在北京世纪坛医院接受股薄肌转移修补治疗的19例复杂直肠阴道（尿道）瘘患者的临床资料。记录修补成功率和手术并发症,并于术前及术后6个月分别进行SF-36生活质量评分、Wexner肛门失禁评分及女性性功能评分。结果19例患者中男性8例（直肠尿道瘘）,女性11例（直肠阴道瘘）。术前修补0-3（平均1．0）次,瘘口直径0．5～2．5（平均1．6）cm,均位于肛门括约肌上方。手术时间145。400（中位240）min,术后住院时间10。39（中位21）d。术后近期出现大腿麻木疼痛2例,小腿麻木2例;无远期并发症出现。术后随访6-35（中位18）个月,修补成功率94．7％（18／19）。术后6个月时。19例患者的Wexner评分由术前10．0±8．8降为2．9±5．8,控粪功能显著改善（P=0．002）;11例女性患者的性功能评分由术前的1．0±1．8升高至4．0±4．0。性功能显著改善（P=0．022）;SF-36生活质量评分显著提高（P〈0．001）。结论股薄肌转移修补治疗复杂直肠阴道（尿道）瘘成功率高,并发症少而轻微,疗效确切。     

吻合器经肛直肠切除术与经直肠闭式修补术治疗直肠前突的对照研究

目的 比较吻合器经肛直肠切除术（stapled transanal rectal resection,STARR）与经直肠闭式修补术（Block）治疗直肠前突的临床疗效.方法 2008年1月至2012年1月期间手术治疗67例直肠前突患者,根据手术方式的不同分为STARR组（36例）和Block组（31例）,对两组患者手术后症状改善情况进行Longo＆#39;s 排便障碍综合征（obstructed defecation syndrome,ODS）评分,并对手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院时间及住院费用进行比较.结果两组患者术后排便困难症状均有明显改善.Longo＆#39;s ODS评分,STARR组术后1个月与术后3个月、12个月比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）,Block组术后3个月、12个月明显高于术后1个月（P＆lt;0.05）.STARR组与Block组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率及住院时间方面比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）;但STARR组的治疗费用明显高于Block组（P＆lt;0.05）.结论 STARR术式治疗直肠前突虽然比Block术式费用高,但远期疗效优于Block手术.     

经肛吻合器直肠切除术在出口梗阻型便秘治疗中的应用

目的 评估经肛吻合器直肠切除术治疗出口梗阻型便秘的疗效及安全性.方法 2007年1月至2008年8月对56例经排粪造影证实存在直肠前突和(或)直肠套叠脱乖的出口梗阻型便秘患者,行吻合器经肛直肠切除手术,比较术前和术后临床症状缓解情况,并量化评分比较.结果 手术时间平均28 min,术后3 d内VAS疼痛评分平均3.2分.2例患者术后随访6个月,有轻度肛门失禁;2例患者分别随访2、4个月,吻合口有轻度炎症,致排便时肛门部轻度疼痛.无其他并发症发生.术后平均随访8个月,各项出几梗阻症状发牛率较术前均显著下降,尤其是排便困难及排便梗阻感的发生率均下降50%以上,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).量化评分后比较,术后便不尽感积分较术前下降65%,其余症状积分下降幅度均达72%以上,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 经肛吻合器直肠切除术治疗出口梗阻型便秘操作简单、创伤小、痛苦少、并发症少,近期疗效较满意.     

Indikation,Technik und Ergebnisse der STARR-Operation

Rectal intussusception and ventral rectocele are frequent morphological findings in patients suffering from obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). After failed conservative treatment a surgical option can be discussed. Surgical approaches include the stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) procedure, which is performed as a transanal approach by using two circular (PPH01) staplers for ventral and dorsal full-thickness resection of the distal rectum. Both retrospective and prospective studies as well as data from the German STARR registry demonstrated that the STARR procedure is safe and effective for symptom improvement and resolution in ODS associated with rectal intussusception in the short-term; however, disappointing functional results, particularly related to fecal incontinence and urgency, severe complications and high rates of revision surgery have also been documented. In general, based on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in ODS related to rectal intussusception, patient selection for STARR seems to be the key for success; therefore, this review summarizes and evaluates the indications, surgical technique, results, controversies and current trends of the “conventional” STARR procedure using two circular (PPH01) staplers.     

Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection (STARR) for Rectocele

Patients with obstructed defecation complain of an inability to initiate rectal emptying, incomplete evacuation, pelvic pressure or excessive straining at stool. The pathophysiologic features of obstructed defecation include an increased anterior-posterior diameter of the rectum, decreased rectal compliance and an increased sensory threshold volume. Recently, there has been interest in the transanal resection of the rectum for obstructed defecation with the developement of endoanal staplers and techniques specifically for these purpose. Stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR), in the only large series reported, decreased the anterior-posterior diameter of the rectum, restored rectal compliance and decreased the rectal sensory threshold with an associated improvement in incomplete evacuation in 81.1%, digital assistance to defecate in 83.4%, pelvic pain in 43.3%, and the need for laxatives 43.3% of patients. Risks of the procedure included stenosis in 3.3%, urgency in 1.1% and incontinence of flatus in 1.1% of patients. These data suggest that the STARR procedure is an effective management option for obstructed defecation with an acceptable risk of complications.     

Short-term results after STARR versus internal Delorme for obstructed defecation: a non-randomized prospective study

Obstructed defecation syndrome due to internal intussusception and rectocele is a common disease, and various transanal surgical techniques have been proposed. Aim of the present study was to compare the internal Delorme (ID) and the stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) results in the treatment of patients with obstructed defecation syndrome. From September 2011 to May 2012, 23 patients were operated with STARR procedure and 12 patients with Delorme’s procedure for obstructed defecation syndrome. All patients underwent preoperative assessment: clinical evaluation (Altomare ODS score, Wexner constipation scoring system), proctoscopy, defecography, anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasonography. Surgery was proposed with: failure of medical therapy, incomplete defecation, and unsuccessful attempts with long periods spent in bathroom, defecation with digital assistance, use of enemas and defecography findings of rectoanal intussusception and rectocele. The average operative time was 28 min (range 15–65) for the STARR group and 56 min (range 28–96) for the ID group with a mean hospital stay of 2 days for both the procedures. The Wexner score significantly fell postoperatively from 17 to 4, 7 in STARR group and from 15.3 to 3.3 in the ID group. The Altomare score postoperatively fell from 18.2 to 5.5 for STARR group and from 16.5 to 5.3 for ID group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two procedures considering the outcomes parameters and the complications. Both ID and STARR procedure seem to be effective in the treatment of ODS.     

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??Stapled transanal rectal resection in the treatment of rectocele and rectal intussusception DING Jian-hua, ZHAO Ke. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Colorectal Disease Center of PLA, the Second Artillary General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
Corresponding author: ZHAO Ke, E-mail:jianhuading75@163.com
Abstract Stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) has been introduced as a novel surgical approach for obstructed defecation syndrome caused by rectocele and rectal intussusception. Many reports have suggested the short-term success rate after STARR varies between 67% and 94%. Midterm outcome reveals 4.3%-17.1% of symptom recurrence rate. However, the improvement declines slightly according to the long-term results. The main complication after STARR is fecal incontinence which involves about 8.8% to 10.7% of patients. Defecography research proves that STARR procedure correct both rectocele and rectal intussusception significantly. The symptom improvement is related with the defecography results after the operation. Decreased maximum tolerable volume is reported after STARR according to anorectal manometry. The defecography results are valuable to predict the outcome after STARR.     

Disappointing Long-Term Outcomes After Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection for Obstructed Defecation

Background  

The aim of this study was to assess both short and long-term functional outcomes and the quality of life of patients treated with stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS).     

Enterocele is not a contraindication to stapled transanal surgery for outlet obstruction: an analysis of 170 patients

Aim Enterocele is common among patients suffering from obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS), but it is often considered a contraindication for stapled transanal surgery. The functional results and complication rates were compared in patients with or without enterocele who were treated with stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for ODS. Method Patients presenting with ODS were evaluated using standardized clinical and radiological investigations. A total of 170 patients were treated with either PPH01‐STARR or Contour Transtar® and were followed up for a median of 18 months. Results On preoperative defecography, 55 (32%) of 170 patients were found to have an enterocele. The preoperative Cleveland Clinic Constipation Scores (CCCS) in patients with and without enterocele were (mean ± standard deviation) 15.9 ± 5.4 and 15.4 ± 5.2, respectively. At 18 months postoperatively the CCCS were 8.5 ± 2.7 and 8.1 ± 2.6 (P < 0.001), respectively, in patients with and without enterocele. Morbidity was 7.3% (n = 4) in patients with enterocele (anal pain, n = 1; minor bleeding, n = 2; and acute urinary retention, n = 1) and 7.0% (n = 8) in patients without enterocele (anal pain, n = 3; minor bleeding, n = 3; acute urinary retention, n = 1; and staple line dehiscence, n = 1). There were no cases of pelvic sepsis, small bowel injury or postoperative ileus. No patient needed surgical re‐operation. Conclusion There was no difference in functional outcome and postoperative complications in patients with and without enterocele undergoing STARR for ODS.