老年重症急性胰腺炎56例临床分析

目的探讨老年重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的发病特点及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2005年12月至2012年12月天津市武清区人民医院收治的56例老年SAP患者(老年组)的临床资料,并与同期81例非老年SAP患者(非老年组)的病因、临床表现、并存疾病、并发症及病死率等资料进行对比研究。结果老年SAP最常见病因为胆源性,多伴其他慢性疾病,老年患者腹痛和发热的发生率分别为55.36%和64.29%,均低于非老年组的83.95%和86.42%(P<0.01);老年患者的多器官功能障碍及休克发生率分别为39.29%和32.14%,显著高于非老年组的6.17%和13.58%(P<0.01),而局部并发症与非老年组无明显差异;老年患者平均住院(25.2±13.4)d,较非老年组(16.1±7.3)d明显延长(P<0.01),病死率14.29%高于非老年组的1.32%(P<0.05)。结论老年SAP以胆源性胰腺炎为主,临床症状无特异性,伴发疾病多,多器官功能障碍发生率较高。治疗上遵循多学科参与,以非手术治疗为主的综合治疗体系,在适时、适当的时候进行外科干预。     

老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床诊治总结与体会

目的：探讨老年重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）的临床特点及治疗对策。方法：回顾性分析我院24例老年SAP患者的临床资料,并与同期收治的36例非老年SAP患者的资料进行比较。结果：老年SAP患者以胆石症为主要病因,多伴有其他慢性疾病,高血压最多见。老年患者的局部并发症和多器官功能障碍（衰竭）发生率明显高于对照组。结论：老年SAP病因以胆源性疾病为主,临床表现无特异性,伴发病多,并发症发生率较高,诊疗难度较大。     

大柴胡汤加减联合乌司他丁治疗急性重症胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨大柴胡汤加减联合乌司他丁(US)对急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗效果.方法 选取2017年3月至2019年5月本院收治的120例SAP患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,各60例.对照组予以US治疗,观察组予以大柴胡汤加减联合US治疗.观察并比较两组临床疗效、症状改善时间、并发症发生率及治疗前后血清相关指标[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血清淀粉酶(AMY)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)].结果 观察组治疗总有效率为90.00％,明显高于对照组的63.33％(P<0.05);观察组症状改善时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后血清AMY、IL-6、TNF-α均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为21.7％,明显低于对照组的50.0％(P<0.05).结论 大柴胡汤加减联合US治疗SAP效果显著,可明显缩短患者临床症状和体征缓解时间,提高临床有效率,改善相关血清指标水平,减少其并发症发生率,从而加快患者康复速度,值得临床推广应用.     

不同年龄组重症急性胰腺炎临床特点及预后的研究

目的探讨不同年龄组重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2010年11月收治的137例SAP患者,分为老年组(≥60岁)和中青年组(<55岁),比较两组的临床特点、病死率及并发症。结果老年组SAP患者的病死率明显高于中青年组(P<0.05),老年SAP患者更易发生器官障碍,与中青年组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),尤其是多器官功能障碍的发生率要明显高于中青年患者(P<0.05)。在器官功能障碍中,年老患者组休克的发生率要明显高于中青年组(P<0.05)。结论老年SAP患者相比中青年SAP患者更易发生器官功能衰竭,临床预后更不佳。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺结核的临床特点及诊治分析

目的:分析老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并有肺结核的患者的临床症状及诊治特点,为临床工作提供诊疗依据。方法:将肺结核患者分为慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺结核组(COPD组)和无慢性阻塞性肺疾病的肺结核组(非COPD组),每组随机抽取40例,回顾性分析两组的临床特点及治愈时间。结果:COPD组及非COPD组在呼吸道症状及痰查结核菌阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在全身症状上非COPD组明显高于COPD组(P<0.05)。肺结核类型上,COPD组纤维空洞型明显高于非COPD组(P<0.05);同时COPD组治疗痊愈时间明显长于非COPD组(P<0.05)。结论:老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并有肺结核患者全身症状不明显,且纤维空洞型发生率高,治愈时间较长。     

老年与中青年消化性溃疡临床特点比较

目的 探讨老年消化性溃疡(PU)与中青年消化性溃疡的临床特点及其异同,为临床医师诊治该病提供帮助.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月在昆明医科大学第一附属医院经胃镜或手术病理确诊的老年消化性溃疡351例(老年组)与中青年消化性溃疡351例(中青年组)的临床资料,比较2组的临床症状、并发症、溃疡部位、性状、大小、伴发疾病及治疗与转归等因素.结果 (1)临床症状:与青年组相比,老年消化性溃疡症状不典型(80.3%vs 73.0%),常以并发症为首发症状(46.7%vs 29.6%),2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);典型上腹痛者低于中青年组(19.7%vs 37.0%),2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);(2)常见并发症:老年组患者出现并发症明显高于中青年组(46.7%vs 29.6%),以出血、穿孔和幽门梗阻常见,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)溃疡灶部位:老年组胃溃疡、高位溃疡较中青年组增多(P<0.05);(4)溃疡性状与大小:老年组巨大溃疡(≥2.0 cm)患者多于中青年组(15.1%vs 4.3%,P<0.05);但HP感染无明显差异(90.3%vs 90.9%,P>0.05);(5)伴发病:老年组患者伴发糖尿病、心血管疾病、胆结石、胆囊炎、痛风等慢性疾病者较中青年组多见(47.0%vs 15.7%,P<0.05);(6)治疗与转归:老年组因并发症死亡者明显高于中青年组(14.0%vs 3.8%,P<0.05).结论 老年消化性溃疡较中青年消化性溃疡具有症状不典型、发病部位高、并发症多、死亡率高等特点,早确诊、早治疗对改善预后、降低病死率至关重要.     

76例重症急性胰腺炎的临床特点与治疗预后分析

目的:分析重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的临床特点与治疗预后。方法:住院治疗的SAP患者共76例,收集整理患者所有住院资料,包括性别,年龄,病因,临床表现、并发症发生情况、治疗方法及使用药物、预后情况进行临床统计分析。结果:SAP好发于男性,30~60岁占69.7%;胰性腹水发生率69.7%,有腹水的患者并发症发生率(43.39%)较无腹水者高(26.09%),有统计学差异(P<0.05);69例患者采用个体化综合治疗方案,7例行早期手术治疗,死亡率14.47%(11/76)。早期手术治疗组与个体化治疗组病死率分别为14.3%与10.6%,无统计学差异(P>0.05),但前者住院时间明显长于后者(P<0.05)。结论:SAP多发生于30~60岁,胆道系统疾病然是SAP主要病因;SAP中腹水发生率较高,腹水与并发症发生率相关但与病死率无关。SAP的非手术治疗可取得良好效果,与早期手术相比可减小住院时间和费用。     

多科室协作模式与传统会诊模式治疗老年髋部骨折的对比分析

目的:探讨多科室协作模式治疗老年髋部骨折患者的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析2015年1月-2018年6月本院收治的老年髋部骨折患者资料,采取传统会诊模式诊疗的86例患者设为对照组,采取多学科协助模式诊疗的93例患者设为观察组,比较两组患者住院时间、术前等待时间、手术率以及48 h内手术率和并发症等差异.结果:观察组患者平均年龄高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组患者手术率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者平均住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者术前等待时间短于对照组(P<0.05));观察组患者48 h内手术比例高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率少于对照组(P<0.05).结论:采用多科室协作模式可以缩短术前等待时间和住院时间,有效降低术后并发症.     

老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床特点及影响预后因素的分析

目的:探讨老年重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的临床特点及影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析临床资料完整的老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床资料20例,与同期非老重症急性胰腺炎患者36例作比较。结果:老年SAP患者以胆石症为主要病因,多伴其他慢性疾病,高血压最多见,部分为高脂血症及糖尿病。结论:老年重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病因以胆源性疾病为主,临床表现无特异性,伴发病多,并发症发生率较高,诊疗难度较大。     

关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及安全性比较

目的:对比分析关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及安全性。方法:根据术式将139例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者分为观察组(87例)与对照组(52例),观察组接受关节置换术治疗,对照组接受内固定术治疗,对比分析两组患者的治疗效果及并发症发生率。结果:观察组术中出血量、术后卧床时间、术后完全负重时间明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者手术时间相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率(5.75%)显著低于对照组(30.77%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前,两组患者髋关节Harris评分相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1年两组评分均高于术前,且观察组评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率(96.6%)明显高于对照组(92.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:关节置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效良好,且术后恢复快、并发症发生率低。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.