促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血的疗效评定

为了验证人基因重组促红细胞生成素注射剂（EPO）对早产儿贫血的治疗效果，将53例早产儿贫血患儿随机分为EPO治疗组（31例）和对照组（22例），治疗组予以EPO 200IU／kg皮下注射，每周2次，8周后两组间外周血血红蛋白、红细胞、红细胞压积出现显著性差异（P＜0．001），治疗组上述指标均显著高于对照组，且无明显副作用，说明EPO治疗早产儿贫血安全有效。     

促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血的临床研究

目的 观察重组人类促红细胞生成素(rh-EPO)防治早产儿贫血的疗效。方法 将46例早产儿按入 院顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组各23例,治疗组用rh-EPO每周600 IU／kg,隔天1次,皮下注射共6周,加常规治 疗(维生素E 25 mg／d,维生素C 0.2 g／d,元素铁每天6 mg／kg),必要时输血,对照组仅用常规治疗。结果 治疗后 治疗组网织红细胞计数(Ret)较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);两组早产儿出生后血红蛋白(Hb)均逐渐下降,但治疗 组下降缓慢,治疗结束后两组差异非常显著(P<0.001);血清铁水平在治疗期间治疗组明显低于对照组(P <0.01);治疗结束后差异缩小(P<0.05);治疗组输血率(13.04％)较对照组(52.17％)明显减少(P<0.01)。结论 rh-EPO能有效防治早产儿贫血,无明显副作用。     

促红细胞生成素在早产儿贫血治疗中的研究进展

早产儿贫血是儿科常见问题,所有早产 儿生后前几周均经历血红蛋白（Hb）的下降, 且出生体重愈低,出现愈早,程度愈严重,持 续时间也愈长,临床常有组织缺氧的表现:如 苍白、气急、喂养困难、体重不增、少动或淡 漠（1）等,严重影响了早产儿的生长发育,并且 必需靠输血维持机体足够的氧转运,据统计（2,3）,出生2周内的极低出生体重儿,60％　以上接受过输血,由于输血常并发溶血、感　染、过敏、高血钾、移植物抗宿主反应等不良　反应（1,4）,迫使人们寻找安全有效的防治早产     

重组人类促红细胞生成素防治早产儿贫血的临床研究

目的探讨重组人类促红细胞生成素(rHu-Epo)防治早产儿贫血的疗效.方法将33例早产儿按入院次序分成治疗组17例,对照组16例.治疗组出生第1周即予rHu-Epo500IU*kg-1*w-1,隔日1次,每周3次皮下注射,共5周;对照组未予rHu-Epo治疗.两组早产儿生后第3周开始口服铁剂[元素铁5mg*kg-1*d-1],必要时输血,共观察7周.结果治疗组第2周开始网织红细胞较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),第3周后渐下降但与对照组比较仍有显著差异(P＜0.05);两组患儿出生后Hb均渐下降,但治疗组程度较轻,最低Hb值较对照组高(P＜0.01),达最低Hb值的时间较对照组早(P＜0.01).治疗组血清铁蛋白第2周开始较对照组低(P＜0.01).治疗组输血率与对照组比较明显减少(P＜0.05).观察期末治疗组早产儿体重增长的速率较对照组高(P＜0.05).结论早期大剂量rHu-Epo能减轻早产儿贫血的程度,减少或避免输血;体内充足的铁储备是确保rHu-Epo疗效的重要因素.     

不同剂量促红细胞生成素防治早产儿贫血临床观察

目的评价不同剂量的重组人类促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)防治早产儿贫血的效果,寻找最佳剂量。方法将152例胎龄<35周,体重<2.5 kg的早产儿随机分为大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组和对照组,分别于生后7 d接受rHuEPO治疗,剂量分别为每周750、450、150 U/kg,分3次给予皮下注射,共4周。各组均于第3周开始口服铁剂2~8/mg(kg.d)。观察各组早产儿血红蛋白(Hb),红细胞压积(HCT),网积红细胞,血清铁的动态变化。结果各组早产儿Hb、HCT均逐渐下降,但对照组下降明显大于其他各组,P<0.01,大剂量组下降幅度最小。对照组网积红细胞逐渐下降,各治疗组于第2周末逐渐上升,尤以大剂量组为明显,P<0.05。对照组有9例输血,小剂量组有4例输血,其他各组无输血,差异有显著性,P<0.01。各组血清铁生后均呈下降趋势,但治疗期间对照组下降较其他各组慢,P<0.05。结论rHuEPO能防治早产儿贫血,且大剂量较小剂量效果好。     

重组人促红细胞生成素预治早产儿贫血的临床研究

为探讨重组人促红细胞生成素 (r HuEPO)防治早产儿贫血的疗效 ,将 5 2例早产儿按入院顺序随机分成治疗组 2 7例 ,对照组 2 5例。治疗组于生后 1周内给予rHu EPO 2 0 0IU/(kg·w) ,一周两次 ,皮下注射 ,共 6周 ;对照组未予rHu EPO。两组早产儿均给予口服铁剂 ,元素铁 3mg/(kg·d) ,每周增加 2mg/(kg·d) ,维生素E 2 5mg/d。必要时输血 ,共观察 7周。结果显示 :两组早产儿生后其血红蛋白值 (Hb)均逐渐下降 ,但程度不同。治疗组程度较轻 ,于第 6周时降至最低点 (118 0 4± 9 5 6g/L) ,第 7周时开始上升 ;治疗结束时二者差异显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。治疗组与第 2周开始网织红细胞计数 (Ret)较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 0 1) ,于第 3周达到峰值 ,治疗结束时两组Ret无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。治疗组血清铁 (SI)第 2周时较对照组明显降低(P <0 0 0 1) ,第 4周时降至最低 (8 76± 1 84umol L) ,治疗结束时两组SI无明显差异(P >0 0 5 )。治疗组输血率 (7 4% )较对照组 (3 6% )明显减少 (P <0 0 5 )。两组早产儿治疗结束时体重无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。观察期间未发现明显副作用。结论 ,早期应用 (生后 1周以内 )rHu EPO能有效地减轻早产儿的贫血程度 ,并减少输血次数。     

红细胞生成素与早产儿贫血

早产儿贫血一直是新生儿领域十分受人关注的问题，其病因至今尚未完全清楚，近年来红细胞生成素（ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ，ＥＰＯ）水平低下逐渐受到重视，并认为是导致早产儿贫血的首要因素。临床上也开始应用重组人类ＥＰＯ（ｒｈＥＰＯ）治疗早产儿贫血，并取得了令人鼓舞的效果。     

ERYTHROPOIETIN LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD OF CONTROL INFANTS AND INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Erythropoietin levels (ESF) were measured in premature infants with and without the respiratory distress syndrome in an effort to define the role of intrauterine hypoxia in the genesis of the disease. No difference in levels could be detected between infants with and without the: respiratory distress syndrome. This suggests that either intrauterine hypoxia plays no role in the genesis of the respiratory distress syndrome or that the hypoxia is (1) of short duration, (2) of relatively long duration, or (3) remote with respect to the time of birth. The higher levels found in full-term infants suggested that hypoxia before birth is a more common feature of the term delivery than the premature delivery.     

ERYTHROPOIETIN IN PREMATURE INFANTS

ABSTRACT. The regulation of erythropoiesis during the first three months of life was studied in 30 premature infants who had haemoglobin concentrations which were lower than in term infants of the same postdelivery age. Erythropoietin and erythropoiesis inhibitors were measured by means of an exhypoxic polycythaemic mouse bioassay. The percentage of haemoglobin F was determined as well. An increased erythropoietin level was detected only in six infants older than six weeks, whose blood haemoglobin concentration was lower than 100 g/l, while in serum from other babies erythropoietin was undetectable by the method used. Erythropoiesis inhibitors were present in 80% of the samples tested. The results presented indicate that in premature infants erythropoiesis is regulated through erythropoietin and that inhibitors of erythropoiesis take part in this regulation as well, but that the haemoglobin level at which erythropoietin is increased is lower in preterm infants than in term babies.     

抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血的不良反应(附28例报告)摘要

调查抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白 (ATG)治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血 (再障 )后的不良反应。观察急慢性再障 2 8例 ,静滴不同品种 ATG:法国罗纳普朗克公司 :兔ATG 2 .5 mg/kg.d;马 ATG:5— 1 5 mg/kg.d生物制品研究所 :猪 ATG 2 0— 40 mg/kg.d;qd× 5 ;同时应用糖皮质激素 ,环胞素 A、去氢甲基睾丸酮等 ,必要时输血小板(BPC)浓缩液。结果表明 :过敏反应发生率 42 .8% ,主要表现 :发热、皮疹、畏寒、头痛等。血清病反应发生率 5 7.1 %。主要表现为 :皮疹、发热、关节酸痛、搔痒等。于 ATG用后 4— 1 4天出现 ,持续 1— 9天。 ATG用后 BPC降低、白细胞总数 (WBC)升高 ,二者于用后第 6天与用前比较无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,第 1 2天、第 1 8天分别与用前比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,淋巴细胞百分数 (Lc) ATG用后下降 ,各阶段与用前比较差异非常显著 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,血红蛋白 ,用 ATG前后无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。本文显示 :ATG不良反应较多 ,过敏反应、血清病、血小板和淋巴细胞下降     

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF NEONATAL RHESUS HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA WITH HIGH DOSES OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN

Clinical and laboratory parameters usually allow an easy diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in most cases. Difficulty arises, however, when presentation is atypical. A young child with membranous tonsillo-pharyngitis secondary to an isolated neutropenia is reported. The neutrophilic count later showed fluctuations reminiscent of cyclic neutropenia. Bone marrow examination revealed the true nature of underlying disorder.     

NO RESPONSE TO RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA TYPE I

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type I is a rare inherited bone marrow disorder characterized by moderate to severe macrocytic anemia with pathognomonic cytopathology of nucleated red blood cells. Previous studies have suggested that serum erythropoietin levels in affected patients are lower than expected for the degree of anemia. An earlier study demonstrated a substantial increase in the number of CFU-E in CDA type I pattern on addition of exogenous erythropoietin. The present study reports on the response to recombinant human erythropoietin in 8 patients with CDA type I. Eighteen weeks of treatment, starting at 300 IU/kg twice a week and gradually increasing to 500 IU/kg three times a week, did not have a substantial effect on the mean hemoglobin value. These results indicate that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is not beneficial to patients with CDA type I and that the relatively low levels of serum erythropoietin probably play no major role in the pathogenesis of the disease.     

PLASMA ERYTHROPOIETIN CONCENTRATIONS DURING THE EARLY ANEMIA OF PREMATURITY

ABSTRACT. Plasma erythropoietin concentrations were studied in 11 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants at the age of 3-14 weeks. Their birth weights ranged from 860-1690 g. Erythropoietin was measured by a cell culture technique. Significant concentrations of erythropoietin was detected in 18 out of 29 samples, at all stages of the early anemia. The highest levels were found at 3-9 weeks. Individual erythropoietin values did not correlate with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit levels or 'corrected' reticulocyte counts, nor did the 'corrected' reticulocyte count correlate with hemoglobin or hematocrit. The lack of correlation with hemoglobin concentration most likely reflects the importance of other factors as well as the hemoglobin in determining the oxygenation status of the infant. A significant positive correlation ( r =0.60, p <0.01) was found between erythropoietin concentration and weight gain in the preceding week. The study shows that small preterm infants are capable of erythropoietin production during their early anemia, and indicates that the hormone plays a role in the regulation of erythropoiesis also at this time of life.     

ABNORMALITIES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Abstract. Twenty-eight infants had their serum immunoglobulins estimated (by radial immunodiffusion) in early infancy. The IgG level was abnormal in twelve infants. Elevated levels of IgA were found in ten and IgM in fourteen. These variations, mostly obvious in the first ten days of life, were detected in the absence of clinical or immunological evidence of congenital rubella infection.     

应用细胞生长因子提高再生障碍性贫血患者造血干细胞质量的研究

为探讨再障发病机制中各种造血生长因子（ＨＧＦｓ）对其造血干细胞的影响,了解各种ＨＧＦｓ对造血干细胞生长、增殖的具体作用及相互间的协同作用,采用甲基纤维素半固体体外短期培养及长期液体培养的方法,观察ＨＧＦｓ如粒一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ）、粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ—ＣＳＦ）、白细胞介素－３（ＩＬ—３）、ＩＬ—６、干细胞因子（ＳＣＦ）、促红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）以及ＨＧＦｓ不同组合方式对再障患者骨髓造血干细胞增殖、分化的调控作用。发现再障患者的克隆形成细胞（ＣＦＣ）形成巨噬细胞粒细胞集落形成单位（ＣＦＵ—ＧＭ）和红系爆发式集落形成单位（ＢＦＵ—Ｅ）的能力受限,但大部分患者（１０／１２）骨髓中长期培养起始细胞（ＬＴＣ—ＩＣ）接近正常,提示再障的造血干细胞可能在分化成熟过程中受到阻碍所致。此外,各种ＨＧＦｓ均有不同程度的提高造血干细胞形成集落的能力,且不同ＨＧＦｓ之间对再障患者ＣＦＣ形成ＣＦＵ—ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ—Ｅ的能力同样具有协同作用,其中以ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ—３和ＣＭ—ＣＳＦ的联合应用更为显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

SCREENING OF RH-ANTIBODIES IN RH-NEGATIVE FEMALE INFANTS WITH RH-POSITIVE MOTHERS

ABSTRACT. Hattevig, G. Jonsson, M. Kjellman, B. Kjellman, H, Messeter, L. and Tibblin, E. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Central Hospital, Skovde, Blood Bank, University Hospital, Lund, Kabi Blood Products Division, Kabi AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Screening of Rh-antibodies of Rh-negative female infants with Rh-positive mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:541,.–The sera of 96 consecutive Rh-negative female infants born to Rh-positive mothers were examined at birth, and sera from 88 of these infants were examined for the presence of Rh-antibodies at the ages of about three and eight months. A two-stage papain test and an AutoAnalyzer method were used for antibody screening and identification. Weak anti-D antibodies were found by the papain and AutoAnalyzer techniques in two cord sera. In neither case could the antibodies be demonstrated in samples taken on later occasions. Weak anti-D antibodies were found by the AutoAnalyzer technique but not by the manual methods in the sera of two other infants at the age of eight months. These antibodies could still be demonstrated by the same technique in samples taken about one month later. Though far from conclusively, the results support the "grandmother theory", but because of the low incidence of sensitization and uncertain nature of the anti-D antibodies demonstrable only by the AutoAnalyzer technique, anti-D prophylaxis is not recommended for newborn Rh-negative female infants with Rh-positive mothers.     

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN INFANTS WITH RECURRENT ASTHMATIC BRONCHITIS

Respiratory function studies were performed on a number of occasions on 11 infants with recurrent asthmatic bronchitis. The results demonstrated that the major abnormality was an increase in pulmonary resistance. Orciprenaline was shown to have no consistent effect on the increased pulmonary resistance.