Association of HincII RFLP of low density lipoprotein receptor gene with obesity in essential hypertensives

Obese (BMI 26 kg/m²; n=51) and lean (BMI <26 kg/m²; n=61) Caucasian patients with severe, familial essential hypertension, were compared with respect to genotype and allele frequencies of a Hin cII RFLP of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene ( LDLR ). A similar analysis was performed in obese (n=28) and lean (n=68) nonmotensives. A significant association of the C allele of the T → C variant responsible for this RFLP was seen with obesity ( x ²=4.6, P =0.029) in the hypertensive, but not in the normotensive, group (odds ratio=3.0 for the CC genotype and 2.7 for CT ). Furthermore, BMI tracked with genotypes of this allele in the hypertensives ( P =0.046). No significant genotypic relationship was apparent for plasma lipids. Significant linkage disequilibrium was, moreover, noted between the Hin cII RFLP and an Apa LI RFLP ( x ²=33, P <0.0005) that has previously shown even stronger association with obesity (odds ratio 19.6 for cases homozygous for the susceptibility allele and 15.2 for heterozygotes). The present study therefore adds to our previous evidence implicating LDLR as a locus for obesity in patients with essential hypertension.     

血管紧张素原及血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与高血压之间的关系

目的 研究血管紧张素原基因（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎｏｇｅｎ,ＡＧＴ）第２外显子Ｍ２３５Ｔ等位基因的变异及血管紧张素转换酶（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｉｎｇ ｅｎｚｙｍｅ,ＡＣＥ）基因多态性、在中国正常人群及原发性高血压（ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ ｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ,ＥＨ）患者中的频率分布,分析基因在ＥＨ中的发病作用。方法 应用多聚酶链反应结合限制性酶切方法,对９５例健康体检者和８７例Ｅ     

Augmented sympathetic nerve activity in response to stressors in young borderline hypertensive men

To determine whether there may be an abnormality in sympathetic nerve activity in response to physical and psychological stressors, we microneurologically recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity in 11 normotensive and 9 borderline hypertensive, age-matched men. Supine blood pressure, plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and muscle sympathetic nerve activity were measured before and during a cold pressor test or a mental arithmetic test. The resting basal values of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure and plasma epinephrine were significantly higher in the borderline hypertensives than in the normotensives (P less than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine levels tended to be higher in the borderline hypertensives than in the normotensives but not to a significant extent (P less than 0.10). The cold test produced significantly exaggerated pressor and muscle sympathetic nerve responses (P less than 0.05) with a trend towards an increase in plasma norepinephrine (P less than 0.10) in the borderline hypertensives as compared with normotensives. The mental arithmetic test produced significantly enhanced pressor and plasma epinephrine responses in the borderline hypertensives as compared with the normotensives (P less than 0.05). During the mental arithmetic test the muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased significantly in the normotensives (P less than 0.05) but not in the borderline hypertensives. These findings indicate that in people with borderline hypertension an abnormality exists in sympathetic nerve activity at rest and in response to stressors.     

血管紧张素原基因核心启动子区域突变与藏族原发性高血压的关联分析

目的 寻找血管紧张素原(angiotensinogen, AGT)基因核心启动子区域存在的突变,分析该突变在中国西藏人群中的分布以及与原发性高血压的关联.方法 以藏族103例原发性高血压患者和82名健康受试者为研究对象进行病例-对照研究.用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism, PCR/SSCP)分析和自动荧光测序方法,对AGT基因核心启动子区域DNA序列进行突变分析;用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP)方法分析AGT基因(-6)位点多态性.结果 PCR/SSCP分析发现,AGT基因转录起始位点上游(-20)位存在A→C突变,统计分析显示,藏族正常人群与高血压人群中该位点A等位基因均有较高的发生频率(0.9175,0.9124),突变位点多态性分布无统计学差异(P＞0.8).AGT基因转录起始位点上游(-6)位点存在A→G突变,在藏族正常人群中等位基因A和G分布频率分别为0.780和0.220,原发性高血压群体中它们的分布频率分别为0.626和0.374,两者之间存在差异(P＜0.025).结论 (1)藏族群体中AGT基因(-20)A等位基因有较高的分布频率;(2)AGT基因(-6)G等位基因在藏族高血压患者群体中发生频率较高,可能是藏族原发性高血压的遗传易感因子.     

Insulin resistance in Nigerians with essential hypertension

Background

Reports on the association between hypertension and insulin resistance have been inconsistent even though most studies show a definite association. It is also not certain if the association between insulin resistance and hypertension applies to all populations.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance in hypertensive Nigerians and to examine the association of insulin resistance with hypertension and some anthropometric indices.

Methods

Thirty five adults with essential hypertension and thirty five normotensives were studied. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to determine insulin resistance (IR).

Results

The hypertensive subjects had significantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR compared with normotensives (p =0.02 and 0.04) respectively. There were significant correlations between HOMA-IR, BMI, waist and hip circumference in subjects with hypertension. At multiple linear regression, hypertension and body mass index were found to be the only significant predictors of insulin resistance.

Conclusion

The hypertensives we studied had a higher occurrence of insulin resistance compared to the normotensives. This makes it necessary for persons with hypertensive to have regular screening for diabetes and other categories of glucose intolerance as the increased insulin increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with serum total and ionized calcium concentration

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene have recently been reported to be associated with changes in bone mineral density. Alterations in systemic calcium balance and Ca-regulating hormones such as 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone have been demonstrated in essential hypertension. We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene and systemic Ca metabolism in patients with essential hypertension and in normotensives. We compared 147 subjects with essential hypertension and 100 normotensive control subjects. The genotype distribution and derived allele frequencies for the vitamin D receptor gene were similar in the two groups (genotype bb/Bb/BB and allele B/b: 60.1/32.6/7.2 and 0.24/0.76 in hypertensives vs. 56.0/36.0/8.0 and 0.26/0.74 in normotensive subjects). Serum concentrations of total Ca in the bb, Bb, and BB groups were, respectively, 4.5+/-0.3 vs. 4.5+/-0.4 vs. 4.4+/-0.5 mmol/l in normotensives and 4.6+/-0.3 vs. 4.6+/-0.4 vs. 4.4+/-0.5 mmol/l in hypertensives. Ionized Ca levels were 1.17+/-0.04 vs. 1.16+/-0.04 vs. 1.15+/-0.04 mmol/l in normotensives and 1.16+/-0.04 vs. 1.16+/-0.04 vs. 1.14+/-0.05 mmol/l in hypertensives, respectively. These results indicate that the BB genotype of the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with lower serum Ca levels but is not a useful predictive marker for the development of essential hypertension in Japanese subjects.     

Erhöhtes atriales natriuretisches Peptid (ANP) bei essentieller Hypertonie — Abhängigkeit vom rechtsatrialen Druckverhalten

Summary The role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension has not yet entirely been clarified. We investigated whether the increase of ANP in essential hypertension may be explained by elevated right atrial pressures and/or a different relationship between right atrial pressures and ANP secretion. Patients with stable essential hypertension undergoing right and left heart catheterization because of suspected coronary heart disease had significantly higher ANP levels than normotensives: 58.7±6.7 pg/ml in hypertensives versus 42.0±4.1 pg/ml in normotensives (p<0,01). Matching hypertensives with normotensives at identical levels of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure revealed significantly higher mean pulmonary artery pressures in hypertensives. Right atrial diastolic pressure (v-wave) after matching for LVEDP was 4.8±0.5 mm Hg in hypertensives and 3.1±0.2 mm Hg in normotensives (p<0.05). In addition, at any given mean right atrial pressure hypertensives showed higher ANP levels than normotensives. These results demonstrate that hypertensives exhibit raised pressures in the pulmonary artery independent of left ventricular pressure load. The elevation in right atrial pressures and the steeper relationship between these pressures and ANP are a suitable explanation for raised ANP levels in hypertension. ANP in essential hypertension may represent a counterregulation against elevated pulmonary resistance.

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Abkürzungsverzeichnis ANP Atriales natriuretisches Peptid - LVEDP Left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (Linksventrikulärer enddiastolischer Druck) - RAO Right anterior oblique (Aufnahmetechnik von rechter schräger Bildröhrenposition aus) - SEM Standard estimate of the mean (Standardabweichung dividiert durch die Wurzel aus der Fallzahl) - HT Hypertoniker - NT Normotoniker Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft     

β肾上腺素能受体基因家族在中国东北高血压病高发人群中的基因型分析

目的　检测高血压病高发地区人群中 β肾上腺素能受体 (β- adrenergic receptor,β- AR)基因家族β1 亚型 (β1 - AR) Arg389Gly,β2 亚型 (β2 - AR) Arg16 Gly和β3亚型 (β3- AR) Trp6 4 Arg位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率 ,分析 β- AR基因在高血压病发生、发展中的作用。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性技术检测 14 4例高血压病患者和 174名正常人的基因型 ,同时测定相关的生化指标 ,并进行病例 -对照统计学分析。结果　 β1 - AR Arg389Gly位点的 Gly/ Gly基因型频率在高血压病组与正常对照组差异有显著性 ,β2 - AR Arg16 Gly位点和 β3- AR Trp6 4 Arg位点的基因型频率在两组间差异无显著性。结论　 β1 - AR Arg389Gly多态与高血压病的发病具有相关性。     

Effects of essential hypertension on short latency human somatosensory‐evoked potentials

Reduced perception of somatosensory stimulation in patients with essential hypertension may be due to deficits in the ascending somatosensory pathway. Function in the ascending somatosensory pathway was assessed by measuring N9, N13, and N20 somatosensory‐evoked potentials in 14 unmedicated essential hypertensives and 22 normotensives. N9 amplitudes were smaller and N13 amplitudes marginally smaller in hypertensives than normotensives. N9 amplitudes were inversely associated with blood pressure. N20 amplitudes and N9, N13, and N20 latencies did not differ between groups. In addition, plexus‐to‐cord, cord‐to‐cortex, and plexus‐to‐cortex conduction times were not different between groups. These data suggest that hypertension affects the peripheral nervous system by reducing the number of active sensory nerve fibers without affecting myelination. However, hypertension does not seem to affect the afferent somatosensory pathway within the brain.     

A novel SNP at exon 17 of INSR is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in Chinese women with PCOS

To investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 17 of the insulin receptor (INSR) gene with insulin resistance and INSR beta-subunit expression in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, a case-control study was carried out in an academic endocrinology clinic of China. One hundred and nine Chinese patients with PCOS and 107 healthy Chinese women as control were recruited. Their leukocytes and red blood cells were separated from blood samples, for SNP analysis with single-stranded conformation polymorphism and for the INSR beta-subunit expression detection by western blot analysis, respectively. A novel T/C SNP at codon Cys1008 (position 3128 of NM_000208) of INSR was found in two allele genotypes, i.e. the homozygous CC and the heterozygous TC. A higher frequency of the mutant homozygous CC was observed in the PCOS women with PCOS than that in the controls (21.1 versus 5.6%, P < 0.01). In contrast with the women with wild-type genotype, a significantly lower insulin sensitivity index in the women with each of the two mutant genotypes was revealed (CC: 0.335 +/- 0.026/TC: 0.346 +/- 0.027 versus TT: 0.367 +/- 0.029, P < 0.05). No relationship was found between the novel SNP and the INSR beta-subunit expression. We concluded that the novel T/C SNP at codon Cys1008 of INSR is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in Chinese women with PCOS and that the association is not by the change of synthesis or secretion of INSR beta-subunit, but most possibly by the effects of this novel SNP on the function of INSR beta-subunit.     

醛固酮合成酶基因-344 T/C多态性与高血压病早期肾损害的关联研究

目的研究醛固酮合成酶基因-344T／C多态性是否与汉族人原发性高血压患者早期肾损害关联。方法放射免疫法检测225例1、2级原发性高血压患者24h尿白蛋白含量和血浆醛固酮浓度，24h尿白蛋白〈30mg判为正常白蛋白尿组，24h尿白蛋白在30～300mg为微量白蛋白尿组；聚合酶链反应．限制性片段长度多态性技术检测225例高血压患者和135名正常对照醛固酮合成酶基因-344T／C多态性。结果对照组、原发性高血压白蛋白尿正常组和微量白蛋白尿组之间TT、TC和CC3种基因型分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；3组之间比较T、C等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义，与对照组、原发性高血压白蛋白尿正常组比较，微量白蛋白尿组C等位基因频率显著增高（P〈0．05）。与非C等位基因携带者相比较，C等位基因携带者血浆醛固酮浓度显著升高，24h尿白蛋白排泄量显著增加（P〈0．05）。结论醛固酮合成酶基因-344T／C多态性与汉族人原发性高血压患者早期肾损害关联，C等位基因可能是原发性高血压患者合并早期肾损害的遗传易感因子。     

Intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension

Summary Intracellular sodium and calcium activities were measured by ion-selective electrodes in red blood cells of primary hypertensives and of normotensives with and without a familial disposition to hypertension. Intraerythrocytic sodium activity was markedly elevated in patients and normotensives with a familial disposition to hypertension (15.16±2.35 mmol/l in hypertensives and 9.74±1.43 mmol/l in normotensives, respectively, mean value±s_D) as compared to the corresponding group without such a history (8.35±2.08 mmol/l in hypertensives and 7.00±1.38 mmol/l in normotensives). Mean intraerythrocytic calcium activity showed the highest values in patients with hypertension (32.8±32.5 µmol/l in patients with and 25.3±19.0 µmol/l in those without a familial disposition to hypertension), whereas in normotensives mean calcium activity was much lower (9.6±9.7 and 4.8±4.5 µmol/l, respectively). Our results document that a disturbed intraerythrocytic sodium metabolism is limited to patients with essential hypertension and a familial disposition to hypertension and, to a lesser extent, to normotensives showing a familial disposition to hypertension. Thus, a genetically determined alteration in intracellular sodium can be assumed. Furthermore, the observation of an enhanced intraerythrocytic calcium in some essential hypertensives with and without a familial disposition suggests additional factors, other than sodium, responsible for the disturbed intracellular calcium balance in these patients.     

AT1R基因A1166C多态性与汉、藏和彝族原发性高血压的遗传易感性

目的 研究血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor，AT，R)基因A1166C多态性是否与汉族、藏族和彝族原发性高血压(essential hypertension，EH)的遗传易感性相关联。方法 以748名受试者的基因组DNA为模板，应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测A1166C多态性。结果 在汉、藏、彝3个民族正常人群中，A1166等位基因的频率分别为0．979、0．939和0．965，在藏族男性中，EH患者A1166等位基因的频率明显高于正常对照(P＝0．001)，AA基因型(P＝0．0034)是EH的独立危险因素，在汉族和彝族人群中，EH患者和正常对照之间A1166C基因型分布和等位基因频率的差异均无显著性。结论 在汉族、藏族和彝族人群中，ATlR基因A1166是最常见的等位基因；A1166C多态性是藏族男性EH的遗传易感因子，而不是汉族和彝族EH的主要遗传易感因素。     

Alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism and essential hypertension in Korea

Previous studies have suggested that the Gly460Trp polymorphism of the alpha-adducin gene (ADD-1) is associated with salt sensitivity and primary hypertension. The results of linkage or association studies of ADD-1 of different populations are controversial. This study investigated the relationship between the Gly460Trp polymorphism of ADD-1 and essential hypertension in a Korean population. The subjects (n=903) were participants in a population-based study in Jangseong County, Korea. The Gly460Trp polymorphism of ADD-1 was determined using a polymerase chain reaction method. The frequency of the 460Trp allele was 59.4% in normotensives and 61.1% in hypertensives (p=0.523). The frequencies of the genotypes did not differ significantly between the hypertensive and normotensive groups (16.3% Gly/Gly, 45.8% Gly/Trp, and 38.0% Trp/Trp in normotensives; 16.2% Gly/Gly, 45.8% Gly/Trp, and 38.0% Trp/Trp in hypertensives; p=0.928). After adjusting for other risk factors, Gly/Trp and Trp/Trp were not associated with hypertension (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.65-1.53, Gly/Trp vs. Gly/Gly; OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.79-1.90, Trp/Trp vs. Gly/Gly). These findings suggest that the Gly460Trp polymorphism of ADD-1 is not associated with hypertension.     

醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性与山东省汉族人原发性高血压相关性

目的　研究醛固酮合成酶基因 - 344 T/ C多态性是否与山东省汉族人原发性高血压相关。方法　放免法检测山东省 14 7例原发性高血压患者血浆肾素活性 (plasma renin activity,PRA)和醛固酮浓度 (plasma aldosterone concentration,PAC) ,以 PAC/ PRA比值将高血压患者分为低肾素、正常肾素或高肾素组 ;聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性技术检测高血压 (14 7例 )和对照组 (110名 )醛固酮合成酶基因 - 344 T/ C多态性 ,χ2 检验比较各组基因型和等位基因频率。结果　对照组与原发性高血压组之间基因型和等位基因频率差异无显著性 ;对照组与正常或高肾素组之间基因型和等位基因频率差异亦无显著性。低肾素组 C等位基因频率显著高于对照组和正常或高肾素组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　醛固酮合成酶基因 -344 T/ C多态性与山东省汉族人低肾素型原发性高血压存在相关性。     

Association of the renin gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in a Chinese population

To study the association of renin gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in the Chinese population, 86 hypertensive and 107 normotensive subjects were enrolled from an epidemiologic survey. Leukocyte DNA was extracted and digested with Hind HI and Bgl I restriction enzymes. Southern hybridization was done with digoxigenin-incorporated renin gene probes generated by polymerase chain reaction. The restriction fragments were detected by anti-digoxigenin antibody and enzyme methods. Two Hind III polymorphysms of the renin gene (8.7kb and 6.2kb) were identified. The allele frequences were 129(75%) and 43(25%), respectively, in hypertensives; they were 139(65%) and 75(35%), respectively, in normotensives (χ²= 4.074, p = 0.044). The genotypes of 8.7/8.7,8.7/6.2 and 6.2/6.2 were significantly different between hypertensives and normotensives, being 45(52%), 39(45%), 2(3%) and 48(45%), 43(40%), and 16(15%), respectively (χ²= 9.002, p = 0.011). The Bgl I polymorphism did not show a difference between hypertensives and normotensives. Thus, we conclude that the renin gene Hind III polymorphysm is associated with hypertension in this Chinese population.     

Personality differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals: influence of knowledge of hypertension status

Personality characteristics such as anxiety and anger have long been associated with essential hypertension, but the results of past studies have often been confounded by inadequate diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive medications, and use of unvalidated measures of personality. Moreover, little attention has been given to the importance of differential exposure to medical attention and labeling as determinants of personality. To overcome these shortcomings, personality characteristics were measured by self-report using validated questionnaires in untreated male and female hypertensives who were either aware (n = 80) or unaware (n = 82) of their hypertension at the time of assessment. Hypertension diagnosis was based upon repeated blood pressure measurements over 5 months. Hypertensives were compared to age-, sex-, ethnicity-, and occupation-matched normotensives. Results indicated that aware hypertensives scored significantly higher than normotensives and unaware hypertensives on neuroticism, trait and state anxiety, and self-reported Type A behavior. They also scored higher than normotensives on state anger, and there was a similar trend for anger suppression. There were no differences between unaware hypertensives and normotensives. The findings suggest that these personality factors are not a fundamental characteristic of hypertension but reflect the influence of exposure to medical attention or knowledge of hypertension status.     

Implication of single nucleotide polymorphisms in association study: mitochondrial variations as another genetic markers for hypertension

Although multiple nuclear gene polymorphisms have been identified as potential risk factors for hypertension, the linkage between extranuclear DNA variations and hypertension has been uncertain. We investigated whether mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) polymorphisms are implicated in Japanese hypertension. We used direct sequencing methods to search for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in a hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial control region in each blood sample from 20 hypertensives and 20 normotensives. Then, we determined the distribution of two SNPs, T16223C and C16362T, in 183 hypertensives and 193 healthy subjects in the Aomori population in the northern area of Honshu island of Japan. The relationship between the gene polymorphism and hypertension was evaluated using chi-square test. Seventy SNPs were found there and the number of SNPs in each individual was significantly greater(p = 0.0111) in hypertensives than in normotensives. The C16223 genotype was more frequent in hypertensives than in normotensives(p = 0.0018). There was no significant difference in C16362T variant frequency between the groups. From these results, we conclude that mtDNA SNPs were enriched in Japanese hypertension and that the mtDNA C16223 genotype may be one of the genetic susceptibility factors for hypertension.     

A study of DNA polymorphisms around the human apolipoprotein Al gene in hyperlipidaemic and normal individuals

We have used a 2.2 kb fragment of the human apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) gene to screen a number of unrelated individuals for common restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the gene. As well as the previously reported SstI RFLP (allele frequencies in normolipidaemic individuals 0.94 and 0.06) we have detected RFLPs with the enzymes PstI and XmnI (allele frequencies in normolipidaemic individuals 0.88 and 0.12 for both polymorphisms). In the population studied, the RFLPs appear to be in linkage equilibrium and can be used in conjunction as a haplotype, with a PIC value (polymorphism information content) of 0.5. Significant differences in allele frequency were observed between subgroups of hyperlipidaemic patients and normolipidaemic controls. There is no strong population association in our patient group between any allele of the RFLPs studied and hypertriglyceridaemia.     

Das atriale natriuretische Peptid und seine Bedeutung für die arterielle Hypertonie

Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide is a recently discovered cardiac hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and hypotensive activities. The role of this hormone in the pathophysiology of hypertension is of particular interest. In contrast to an earlier concept, a deficiency of the atrial peptide could not be found in animal models of hypertension or in patients. ANP plasma levels were elevated in SHR with accelerated hypertension, in salt-sensitive Dahl rats, in rats with DOCA-salt-hypertension and in animals with renovascular hypertension. Elevated ANP levels under these conditions can be explained by an expansion of the intravascular volume or by an elevated atrial wall stretch induced by the hypertension itself.In patients with primary hypertension, plasma levels of the peptide are raised in some patients and are normal in others. Plasma ANP levels correlate with age, blood pressure and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. A negative correlation is described between ANP and renin. Measurement of plasma ANP levels does not allow a differentiation between primary and secondary forms of hypertension. Elevated ANP levels are also found in primary hyperaldosteronism and in renal failure. Stimulation of ANP secretion by physical exercise and dietary salt loading is maintained in hypertension. Infusion of 1-28-hANP leads to a reduction in systemic arterial pressure in normotensives and hypertensives. The natriuresis induced by exogenous ANP is more pronounced in hypertensives. Stimulation of endogenous ANP secretion does not prevent the rise in blood pressure possibly due to a reduction in ANP receptors in target tissues.

Herrn Professor Dr. W. Kaufmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet