试管婴儿双胎及自然受孕双胎临床分析

目的分析试管婴儿双胎与自然受孕双胎产妇和新生儿的临床结局。方法收集2010年1月至2014年4月106例试管婴儿双胎妊娠(试管组)与256例自然受孕双胎妊娠(对照组)的产妇年龄、妊娠周期、分娩方式、妊娠期合并症、新生儿体格发育、新生儿出生缺陷及新生儿围生期疾病等临床资料,并进行统计学比较分析。结果试管组产妇平均年龄(32±4岁)高于对照组(28±4岁,P0.05)。试管组产妇妊娠期高血压及妊娠期糖尿病发生率均显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。两组新生儿在体格发育、出生缺陷疾病发生率、围生期疾病发病率及病死率等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论本研究显示试管婴儿双胎与自然受孕双胎围生期结局无明显差异;试管婴儿双胎妊娠的产妇在妊娠期需密切关注血压及血糖的波动情况。     

双胎体重不均衡临床病例分析

目的 探讨双胎体重不均衡与母亲妊娠期合并症及新生儿疾病的关系.方法 回顾性分析2010-2011年在我院分娩、并住我院新生儿重症监护病房治疗的双胎,双胎新生儿体重差≥20％为体重不均衡组,＜20％为体重均衡组,比较两组母亲合并症情况及两组新生儿结局.结果 共纳入74对双胎,其中体重不均衡组31对,占41.9％,母亲合并妊娠期高血压综合征、胎膜早破、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、妊娠期糖尿病的比例均明显高于体重均衡组[41.9％比16.3％,32.2％比9.3％,35.5％比11.6％,25.8％比7.0％,P＜0.05].体重不均衡组新生儿窒息、肺炎、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征、贫血、红细胞增多症、喂养不耐受的发生率均高于体重均衡组[16.1％比4.6％,19.4％比4.6％,12.9％比3.5％,17.7％比4.6％,17.7％比5.8％,14.5％比3.5％,19.4％比4.6％,P＜0.05].Logistic多元回归分析显示,母亲合并妊娠期高血压综合征、肝内胆汁淤积症、糖尿病,以及新生儿窒息、肺炎、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征、贫血、喂养不耐受均与双胎体重不均衡有关.结论 母亲妊娠期合并症与双胎体重不均衡有关,而双胎体重不均衡可能为新生儿疾病的影响因素.     

双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症一例及文献复习

目的 探讨双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症的临床表现、产前特点、诊断标准及分级、治疗及近期预后等,以提高临床医生对本病的认识.方法 报道1例双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症患儿的临床资料,并对近5年来已报道的15例进行文献复习.结果 双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症的报道有增多趋势.产前表现:有13/16例是自然发生的,有3/16例是发生在激光治疗术后的.16例均无羊水量差异.超声多普勒大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)在供血胎大于1.5 MoM的有11/16例,3/16例未测;在受血胎小于1.0 MoM的有10/16例,3/16例未测.有胎儿水肿的有6/16例.宫内干预:未治疗的9/16例,宫内输血的4/16例,胎儿镜下激光凝固胎盘吻合血管的4/16例,脐带阻塞选择性灭胎的2/16例,1/16例受血儿给予宫内血液稀释治疗.生后表现:贫血儿平均血红蛋白浓度为95 g/L,多血质儿为208g/L,胎胎间血红蛋白差异大于80 g/L的有10/16例,2/16例小于80 g/L(宫内激光治疗后).5/16例胎胎间网织红细胞比率大于1.7,1/16例小于1.7(宫内激光治疗后),8/16例未提供网织红细胞比率(使用的是网织红细胞绝对计数).10/16例胎盘彩色染料灌注有直径小于1 mm的动静脉吻合支存在,2/16例胎盘无残存的血管吻合支(宫内激光治疗后),2/16例未提供胎盘灌注结果.生后治疗:9/16例供血儿有贫血表现,其中有6/16例予输血治疗;6/16例受血儿有高黏滞血症表现,给予部分换血治疗.11/16例新生儿期神经发育正常,1/16例双胎颅脑超声持续脑室周围白质高回声,本例随访至纠正胎龄3个月时神经发育正常,继续随访中.结论 双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症是胎胎输血综合征的一个特殊类型:单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎,产前无明显羊水量差异,出生体重相差不大,但血红蛋白相差明显且网织红细胞比率增高.对于单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎,产前除胎儿生长经线及羊水量测定外,应常规监测大脑中动脉峰值流速,以便筛查出需要宫内干预的病例,以期减少死亡率及改善预后.生后认真评估治疗,并需长期随访其运动及智能发育情况.     

双胎与新生儿窒息(附212例分析)

1986～1989本院年间共分娩12489例,其中双胎106例,胎儿总数212例,发生窒息的47例,窒息发生率22.2％,与同期单胎窒息的发生率5.2％相比,P<0.01有高度显著性差异。体重愈低窒息发生率和死亡率愈高。经阴道自然分娩窒息的发生率最低为16.5％,而产钳、臀助臀牵引窒息率高,分别为86.9％及57.6％。双胎一产和二产之间窒息的发生率无明显差异;胎先露双头先露窒息的发生16.4％、死亡率2.9％均较低,臀头先露窒息率37.5％,死亡率18.7％明显高于其他种类先露。作者认为臀头双胎尽应早采用剖宫结束分娩,头臀有条件可酌情经阴道分娩,双头先露若无头盆不称,胎儿体重不过大,特别是第一胎儿已入盆,多数可经阴道分娩。     

双胎输血综合征早产儿合并心脏发育异常的临床分析

目的 探讨双胎输血综合征（TTTS）早产儿合并症发生情况,分析TTTS受血者合并心脏发育异常的临床情况及预后。方法 对2009年6月至2012年12月收治的17对确诊TTTS的早产儿进行回顾性分析。结果 TTTS早产儿供血者体重（1.4±0.6 kg）较受血者体重（1.9±0.6 kg）明显减轻（P结论 TTTS受血者心脏瓣膜病变和心肌病变合并症发生率高,受血者应该尽早完善胎儿超声心动图,评估心功能,早期治疗以改善预后。     

双胎配对早产儿肺高血压发生的临床资料分析及预后比较

目的 探讨早产儿肺高血压（PH）发生的临床资料及预后情况。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2022年6月青岛大学附属妇女儿童医院收治的仅1胎发生PH的双胎早产儿临床资料,将其分为PH组和对照组。比较两组之间的一般资料（出生体重、性别、出生顺序等）、临床资料（呼吸机支持时间、并发症、实验室检查等）及随访结果。结果 研究纳入符合入选标准的双胎早产儿共33对。与对照组相比,PH多发生于双胎之次、小于胎龄儿、呼吸支持时间和住院时间长的患儿（P <0.05）。两组患儿在并发症方面比较,新生儿持续性肺动脉高压、败血症、新生儿窒息、脑室内出血、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征及先天性心脏病差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,PH组中-重度支气管肺发育不良的发生率明显高于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患儿生后初次血气分析、血常规及生化指标均差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。PH组16例患儿生后早期接受降肺动脉压药物及强心、利尿药物治疗,中位随访时间5.25年,期间无患儿死亡。6月龄时39.4%(13/33)的患儿PH恢复正常,1岁时81.8%(27/33)恢复正常。结论 该研究以双胎早产...     

双胎新生儿枫糖尿病及其基因突变分析

目的 分析一对经典型枫糖尿病（MSUD）汉族双胎新生儿的临床特点及其相关基因的致病性突变,为MSUD早期诊治提供指导。方法 收集患儿的临床及影像学资料,提取患儿及其父母的外周血,检测枫糖尿病相关基因（BCKDHA,BCKDHB,DBT,DLD）,确定基因突变位点,并进行生物信息学分析。结果 双胎患儿在BCKDHB基因上发现2个突变：错义突变c.304G > A（p.Gly102Arg）和无义突变c.331C > T（p.Arg111*）,均为杂合子,且c.304G > A（p.Gly102Arg）为国际上未报道的新突变。其父亲携带错义突变c.304G > A（p.Gly102Arg）,其母亲携带无义突变c.331C > T（p.Arg111*）。结论 BCKDHB基因c.331C > T（p.Arg111*）杂合突变是该双胎患儿的致病性突变,是枫糖尿病患儿临床表现的基因分子基础。     

Wiskott-Aldrich综合征孪生双胎临床及基因突变检测

病例1男,23d,G1P2。因发热、拒食、黄疸加重1d入院。家族史:母系中其姨生3个男孩均于生后7～8个月因“出血、白血病”死亡。查体:神萎,黄疸貌,颈部少量出血点,心肺(一)。腹软,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下未及。实验室检查:血常规:WBC13.4×109/L,Hb68g/L,RBC1.99×1012/L,BPC55×109/L。总胆红素261.5μmol/L,直接胆红素14.7μmol/L,间接胆红素246.8μmol/L,网织红细胞2.1%。血培养:脑膜脓毒黄杆菌。风疹病毒IgG(+),CMVIgG(+),PAIgG215.3ng/107pL,PAIgA12.2ng/107pL,PAIgM40.3ng/107pL。免疫功能:IgG1000mg/dIgM24.5mg/dl,IgE43.69…     

单卵双胎同患21—三体综合征一例

双胎之大子,因32+5周早产于生后45分钟入我科。顺产,出生时无窒息。入院查体:体重1250 g,早产儿貌,胎龄评估32周,呼吸不规则,口周发绀,皮下脂肪薄,头围23 cm,形圆、头短,前囟1.5×1.5 cm平软,脸扁圆、眼裂小、外眦上斜、内眦赘皮、鼻梁低平、眼距     

双胎输血综合征1例

产妇,25岁,平素月经规则(7/30 d),停经8周于当地医院B超发现双胎妊娠,停经16周余曾出现阴道少量出血,来我院保胎治疗后症状消失,于18周开始自觉胎动,孕21 3周B超提示:双顶径5.1、4.9 cm,羊水最深径约5.4 cm。孕28周时无明显诱因出现阴道出血,量多,色鲜红,伴血块。查体:体温37℃     

Children conceived by in vitro fertilisation after fresh embryo transfer

AIMS—To compare the outcome in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) children (after fresh embryo transfer) from multiple and singleton births with one another, and with normally conceived control children.METHODS—A cohort of 278 children (150 singletons, 100 twins, 24 triplets and four quadruplets), conceived by IVF after three fresh embryos had been transferred, born between October 1984 and December 1991, and 278 normally conceived control children (all singletons), were followed up for four years after birth. They were assessed for neonatal conditions, minor congenital anomalies, major congenital malformations, cerebral palsy and other disabilities. Control children, all born at term, were matched for age, sex and social class.RESULTS—The ratio of male:female births was 1.03. Forty six per cent of IVF children were from multiple births; 34.9% were from preterm deliveries; and 43.2% weighed less than 2500 g at birth. The IVF singletons were on average born one week earlier than the controls, weighed 400 g less, and had a threefold greater chance of being born by caesarean section. The higher percentage of preterm deliveries was largely due to multiple births and they contributed to neonatal conditions in 45.0% of all IVF children. The types of congenital abnormalities varied: 3.6% of IVF children and 2.5% of controls had minor congenital anomalies, and 2.5% of IVF children and none of the controls had major congenital malformations. The numbers of each specific type of congenital abnormality were small and were not significantly related to multiple births. IVF children (2.1%) and 0.4% of the controls had mild/moderate disabilities. They were all from multiple births, including two children with cerebral palsy who were triplets.CONCLUSIONS—The outcome of IVF treatment leading to multiple births is less satisfactory than that in singletons because of neonatal conditions associated with preterm delivery and disabilities in later childhood. A reduction of multiple pregnancies by limiting the transfer of embryos to two instead of three remains a high priority.     

A case of body stalk anomaly arising in the second baby of a triplet pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

We report a case of body stalk anomaly arising in the second baby of a triplet pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Body stalk anomaly or limb-body wall complex is a rare congenital anomaly with a series of similar clinical manifestations and poor prognosis. IVF-ET is an effective treatment for various types of infertility. We summarize and discuss herein the relation with the sequence of genesis for such malformations and multiple pregnancies after IVF-ET.     

Congenital tuberculosis after in vitro fertilization

Genital tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of infertility in the world, notably in developing countries, but its incidence is increasing in the western continents. In vitro fertilization (IVF) represents a useful treatment of infertility after TB. We report the first case of congenital TB after IVF and suggest improvement of usual screening before and after IVF.     

Subclinical hypothyroidism in in vitro fertilization babies

Aim: Assisted reproduction technology is used widely all over the world. There is a great concern about the morbidity of in vitro fertilization (IVF) babies, but investigations are mostly related to mechanical conditions that are attributed to multiparity. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of IVF on thyroid functions in newborns. Methods: A total of 98 healthy, term IVF newborns were evaluated between postnatal 2–4 weeks of age by screening of thyroid functions between July 2006 and April 2008. Ten subjects were assessed as a study group whose thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were higher than 6.5 mU/L. Control group consisted of randomly selected 10 naturally conceived infants with hyperthyrotropinemia (whose TSH levels were higher than 6.5 mU/L but under 15 mU/L) with the same age. All children were thoroughly examined, and serum fT4, TSH, anti‐thyroid peroxidase and anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies were measured, and a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) test was performed in all subjects in both groups. Results: Euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia was diagnosed in approximately 10% of IVF babies. Exaggerated TSH levels to TRH were obtained in all IVF babies (subclinical hypothyroidism) but in none of the controls. A significant difference was noted in the concentration of TSH at the 20th min between the two groups (p < 0.001). Besides, sustained and delayed TSH responses were observed in IVF babies. Neonatal screening tests were negative in both of the groups. Conclusion: In IVF babies, despite normal neonatal screening tests, subclinical hypothyroidism might be observed that suggests the need for screening in this respect.     

Neonatal risks from in vitro fertilization and delayed motherhood

Delayed childbearing (DC) is common in most Western countries. The average age of first-time mothers increased in United States from 21.4 years in 1970 to 25.0 years in 2006 and from 25.4 to 30.8 years in Australia in the same period. It is commonly believed that this has no ominous consequences. But several negative consequences of this behavior are described: stillbirth, prematurity, twins, birth anomalies. Age also decreases women’s fertility, thus many couples undergo in vitro fertilization. And we highlight a paradox: medical reproduction techniques decreases their effectiveness with maternal age, but their availability can be an incentive to postpone parenthood. Of course the risks of delayed parenthood involve a minority of cases, but are parents entitled to accept any risk on the behalf of their baby A complete information would make people cautious before deciding to postpone childbearing, though this is often an obliged rather that a free choice: the consumerist society pressure and the difficulty to find an employment have their heavy weight in this choice. But if this choice is not really free, people’s interest is to overcome these pressures and to claim for a real broad choice on when becoming parent, despite the pressures made by their cultural environment to postpone parenthood. Moreover, even reproductive techniques have some risks. Unfortunately, mass media often praise and endorse DC, disregarding the increase of premature babies born because of DC, a real alarm for public health. Pediatricians should discourage the culture that makes DC a normal event.     

A comparative study of parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured caprine oocytes

The aim of the study was to compare the parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of in vitro matured caprine oocytes. A total of 881 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC’s) were collected from 243 ovaries. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium containing eCG (20 IU/ml), hCG (20 IUµg/ml), oestradiol-17β (1 µg/ml), BSA embryo tested (3 mg/ml) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂ in an incubator under humidified air for 27 h. Based on cumulus expansion, the maturation rate was 86.86%. Morphological matured oocytes (n=749) were selected, denuded and randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=223) in vitro matured oocytes activated with 5 µm calcium ionophore for 5 min and cultured in mCR₂aa medium containing 5 mM DMAP for 4 h. After 4 h of DMAP treatment, the presumptive zygotes were washed and cultured in the embryo culture medium. Group 2 (n=526) in vitro matured oocytes processed for IVF in mTALP using fresh semen of a fertile pure bred adult Sirohi buck and in vitro culture in mCR₂aa medium. Development of putative zygotes was observed every 24 h till day 9 post activation or fertilization under inverted phase contrast microscope. The cleavage rate, morula and blastocyst percentage in groups 1 and 2 were 67.36%, 23.07% and 9.23%, and 30.99%, 19.63% and 9.82%, respectively. The results indicated that the cleavage rate was comparatively higher following parthenogenetic activation with ionomycin/6-DMAP than IVF.Key Words: Goat, Maturation, Oocytes, IVF, Parthenotes     

Growth and development of children conceived by in vitro fertilization.

To assess the physical and mental development of infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF), we performed a general physical and developmental examination (Bayley and Stanford-Binet scales) on a cohort of 116 IVF children, conceived and born at our institution between February 1985 and March 1989, and on 116 non-IVF matched controls. Study and control groups were each composed of 66 singletons, 19 pairs of twins and 4 sets of triplets, whose age at examination ranged from 12 to 45 months. The developmental indices of IVF infants were within the normal range and did not differ from those of their matched controls. The indices were positively correlated to gestational age, birth weight, head circumference at birth and at examination, and mother's education. Mean birth weight, gestational age, and birth weight percentile of IVF infants were lower than the mean of the healthy population. Mean percentiles of weight and length at examination (mean age 22.4 months) were equally low but did not differ from those of the matched controls. However, mean percentiles of head circumference at birth and at examination compare well with the normal mean, both in IVF and control groups. Twins and triplets (IVF and controls) had significantly lower physical and mental indices as compared to singletons.