B型超声筛查前置胎盘的临床价值

目的：探讨超声诊断前置胎盘的临床价值。材料和方法：对198例临床疑前置胎盘患者进行B超动态跟踪，每2周检查，直到预产期。结果：孕26～32周之间胎盘下缘与宫颈内口的距离变化较大；孕38周B超前确诊断前置胎盘的患者31例，均在本院产科生产证实：结论：B超定期测量前置胎盘的状态有重要的临床意义。     

胎盘早剥的B超检查及临床表现（附40例分析）

目的：为了加强对胎盘早剥的认识,提高确诊率。方法：对有完整记载的40例胎盘早剥进行回顾性分析,这些患者均由临床医生及助产士提供可疑信息,由本科B超室观察胎盘形态学的变化,再经产后检查胎盘而对照研究。结果：40例胎盘早剥病例由B超检查确诊38例,另2例胎盘附着于子宫后壁,又为轻度早剥,B超检查无阳性发现,根据临床观察与体征而确诊。32例剖宫产,8例经阴道分娩,死胎3例,无产妇死亡。结论：临床观察与B超检查是诊断胎盘早剥快捷而准确的方法,为临床及时采取适当的分娩方式,确保母儿平安提供可靠的信息。     

B型超声筛查前置胎盘的临床价值

目的: 探讨超声诊断前置胎盘的临床价值.材料和方法: 对198例临床疑前置胎盘患者进行B超动态跟踪,每2周检查,直到预产期.结果: 孕26～32周之间胎盘下缘与宫颈内口的距离变化较大;孕38周B超前确诊断前置胎盘的患者31例,均在本院产科生产证实.结论: B超定期测量前置胎盘的状态有重要的临床意义.     

胎盘早剥超声诊断价值的探讨（附45例分析）

目的：对产前进行超声检查诊断为胎盘早剥，产后证实的45例进行回顾性分析。方法：我们把45例胎盘早剥的部位、范围、大小及不同声像表现进行归纳分类，并进行相关的统计处理。结果：产前B超诊断胎盘早剥为84.4%符合率（38/45），其中前壁胎盘B超阳性率最高，后壁胎盘检出率较低，随着胎盘早剥病情加重，其B超诊断阳性率亦升高，胎盘早剥的超声图像特征为：胎盘与宫壁间有液性暗区（31/38），部分表现为胎盘边缘肿块或胎盘与宫壁间突出于羊膜腔内的肿块（5/38），或仅有胎盘增厚（2/38）。结论：超声检查对胎盘早剥的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

超声检查对前置胎盘诊断的意义

１对象与方法１．１观察对象：我院１９９７～１９９８年间对门诊孕妇超声中随机发现孕２０～２８w间为前置胎盘的孕妇共６０例，其中边缘性前置胎盘３４例，部分性前置胎盘１８例，完全性前置胎盘８例。各类前置胎盘的诊断标准如下：边缘性前置胎盘胎盘下缘仅达到或接近宫颈内口，其距离小于２cm；部分性前置胎盘：胎盘下缘覆盖部分子宫颈内口，但未跨越到对侧；完全性前置胎盘：胎盘实质回声由前壁、后壁和侧壁向内口延伸，完全覆盖宫颈内口。１．２观察方法：２０～２８w初诊时在膀胱充盈时进行B超检①图１边缘性前置胎盘图２部查，发现…     

阴道超声在诊断前置胎盘及并发症中的应用价值

目的:探讨经阴道超声(TVS)在诊断前置胎盘及并发症中的应用价值。方法:对55例临床怀疑前置胎盘孕妇TVS检查进行定位并观察是否有并发症的存在与产时及病理结果相比较。结果:TVS检查对前置胎盘的诊断与产时相比其准确率为95.8%,检查后无出血增多及感染,前置胎盘伴有并发症的大出血风险预测率73%。结论:TVS对前置胎盘的诊断安全且准确率高,其风险预测为临床提供充分的处理依据。     

凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的MRI诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI对凶险性前置胎盘（PPP）及非凶险性前置胎盘（nPPP）伴胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析产检提示胎盘前置的137例孕晚期患者的临床及MRI资料，并与手术及病理结果进行对照分析，比较MRI对PPP组及nPPP组伴发胎盘植入的诊断效能差异。结果：经手术及病理证实137例患者中发生胎盘植入72例，其中PPP组45例，nPPP组27例。PPP组MRI诊断胎盘植入的灵敏度、特异度、符合率、漏诊率、误诊率分别为91.1%、72.0%、84.3％、8.9%、28.0%，nPPP组分别为88.0%、95.0%、89.6%、18.5%、5.0%。MRI对PPP组的误诊率高于nPPP组，MRI对胎盘植入的总体诊断效能与手术（金标准）基本一致（Kappa=0.737，P<0.01）。MRI对穿透型胎盘的检出率最高（100%，5/5）；对粘连型胎盘的检出率最低，PPP组为28.6%（2/7），nPPP组为33.3%（3/9）。结论：MRI对胎盘植入有较高的诊断价值，可为子宫肌层与胎盘组织关系的评估提供有效信息，可作为产前诊断检查手段，指导临床制定适宜的治疗方案。     

The Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Placental Maturity Grading and Lesions

目的 探讨MRI在胎盘成熟度分级及胎盘病变方面的临床应用价值.资料与方法 搜集本院2010年3月至2011年6月期间,33例孕龄20周以上孕妇行MRI检查的胎盘图像,其中4例超声诊断胎盘存在病变,余29例胎盘无异常；胎盘MRI,采用T1M、T2WI扫描,观察胎盘的位置、形态及信号特点,并对胎盘无异常者,根据胎盘形态及信号特点,进行成熟度分级,分为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级.结果 4例超声诊断胎盘异常者,MRI诊断与超声诊断相符,其中前置胎盘3例,胎盘早剥1例；余29例正常胎盘,MRI成熟度分级为:0级1例；Ⅰ级13例；Ⅱ级12例；Ⅲ级3例,其中1例Ⅰ级B超诊断Ⅱ级,2例Ⅱ级B超诊断Ⅰ级,其余二者诊断结果一致.结论 快速MRI在对胎盘成熟度的分级及胎盘病变的诊断方面,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

B超对宫颈环扎术治疗中央型前置胎盘的疗效观察

前置胎盘是产科常见病之一，是妊娠中晚期阴道流血的常见原因，它严重威胁着母婴的安全。我院自1989年11月—1993年2月B超诊断中央型前置胎16例，均行子宫颈环扎术治疗，其后B超做定期连续观察，并取10例同期同类孕妇，作非手术治疗对照，报告如下：资料和方法26例孕妇均为我院     

前置胎盘和胎盘前置状态的MRI诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI对前置胎盘和胎盘前置状态及伴发的胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法：搜集本院25例前置胎盘和胎盘前置状态孕妇的临床及影像学资料,年龄21～43岁,平均（29.4±6.2）岁,孕龄21～38周,平均（32.9±4.0）周,25例均行产前MRI及超声（US）检查,以病理或分娩时临床诊断为金标准,对比分析两种检查的诊断价值。结果：25例前置胎盘和胎盘前置状态孕妇中,中央性19例,部分性3例,边缘性3例,MRI与US分别正确诊断20例、18例,两者对前置胎盘的诊断及分型差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。MRI诊断前置胎盘伴发胎盘植入敏感度71.4%,特异度72.7%,阳性预测值76.9%,阴性预测值66.7%;US诊断伴发胎盘植入敏感度66.7%,特异度69.2%,阳性预测值66.7%,阴性预测值69.2%。胎盘植入的MRI表现主要有子宫底蜕膜信号缺失,子宫肌层局部变薄,胎盘与子宫交界面可见结节样改变,胎盘信号不均匀,在T2WI上胎盘内可见低信号带,胎盘与膀胱之间组织间隙减小或消失等。结论：MRI和US对前置胎盘或前置状态伴发胎盘植入有重要价值,两者可相互补充。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.