家庭社会经济地位与儿童超重肥胖的关系

目的 分析家庭社会经济地位(socioeconomic status,SES)与儿童超重肥胖的关系.方法 2010年9-11月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,根据地理特征、社会经济发展水平等因素,以中国内地8省(市、自治区)为抽样框,抽取19 934名7～12岁儿童作为研究对象,测量其超重肥胖状况.采用Green综合分析方法确定家庭SES.采用多因素logistic回归逐步法分析家庭SES对儿童超重肥胖的影响.结果 Green评分低、中、高家庭的儿童超重率分别为7.4％(538/7295)、9.3％(560/6013)和12.6％(832/6626),肥胖率分别为4.4％(321/7295)、6.4％(387/6013)和10.2％(677/6626),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为133.82、180.27,P值均＜0.01).在调整年龄、城乡、经济类型地区后,多因素logistic回归结果显示,与低SES儿童相比,高SES男童和女童患超重肥胖的OR(95％ CI)值分别为1.83(1.61 ～2.08)和1.67(1.42～2.00);中SES的男童和女童患超重肥胖的OR(95％ CI)值分别为1.30(1.15 ～1.48)和1.23(1.04～1.46).结论 儿童超重率和肥胖率随家庭社会经济地位水平的升高而升高,呈正相关关系.     

Prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children

The prevalence of obesity among 457 school children in the age group 6-19 years is 3.2% for males and 5.1% for females based on weight for age. 3.7% males and 3.3% females were classified as obese when triceps skinfold thickness was used as the basis of obesity. Preventable socio-economic factors are responsible for the high prevalence of obesity among, Nigerian school children. This the first study of prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children.     

中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状及危险因素分析

目的 了解中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状并分析其危险因素。方法 于2013年12月-2014年6月,选取石家庄、上海、深圳、兰州、武汉5个城市共3 896名小学生进行问卷调查。结果 超重肥胖检出率为19.8%,其中超重率为10.6%,肥胖率为9.2%;超重肥胖分布存在年龄、性别、地区差异,男童超重肥胖率（22.8%）高于女童（16.5%）（P<0.01）。校正地域和年龄后,多因素分析结果显示,儿童超重肥胖危险因素：体力活动不足（OR=4.179,95%CI=3.492～5.002）、男童（OR=1.218,95%CI=1.019～1.456）、不爱吃零食（OR=1.346,95%CI=1.047～1.731）;而进食速度一般（OR=0.532,95%CI=0.335～0.845）或进食速度慢（OR=0.352,95%CI=0.211～0.586）、不爱吃肉类食物（OR=0.723,95%CI=0.549～0.952）、饮食结构为荤素搭配（OR=0.556,95%CI=0.324～0.965）有助于降低城市儿童超重肥胖发生率。结论 以促进儿童体力活动水平、促进健康饮食习惯为目标的干预策略是预防和干预超重肥胖的重点和关键。     

四川省绵阳市7~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状分析

目的 了解四川省绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行现状,为制定预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖的策略与措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取100 116名7～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查与体格检查,以李辉制定的中国7～18岁学龄儿童超重肥胖筛查BMI界值点(kg/m2)标准作为划分超重、肥胖的标准。结果 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重率为14.24%,肥胖率为6.31%。男生、女生超重率分别为14.79%、13.68%,肥胖率分别为7.60%、4.99%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。7～9岁儿童超重、肥胖率最高,随着年龄增长有下降趋势(P<0.001)。涪城区、江油市儿童青少年超重率分别为15.77%、12.44%,肥胖率分别为7.63%、4.75%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖有较高的检出率,政府、学校及家庭应采取相关措施来应对儿童青少年的超重肥胖问题。     

Prevalence and association between obesity and metabolic syndrome among Chinese elementary school children: a school-based survey

Background  

China has experienced an increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity over the last decades. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among Chinese school children and determine if there is a significant association between childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome.     

浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现况

了解浙江省儿童青少年的超重和肥胖流行现况与特征,为进一步采取相应干预措施提供依据.方法 分层整群随机抽取浙江省11个地市小学一、三、五年级和初二、高二年级学生共33 256名,根据身高和体重计算体质量指数(BMI),应用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数分类标准”判定超重和肥胖,进行流行病学描述性分析.结果 浙江省7 ~18岁儿童青少年超重检出率为10.6%,肥胖检出率为5.3%;男生超重和肥胖检出率(13.7%,6.8%)高于女生(7.4%,3.7%);小学生(12.3%,8.3%)和初中生(11.1%,5.1%)超重与肥胖检出率均高于高中生(8.7%,2.8%);经济发达地区儿童青少年的超重检出率和肥胖检出率(11.1%,5.6%)高于经济欠发达地区(10.3%,4.8%).结论 浙江省儿童青少年超重与肥胖的检出率超过全国水平.要重点关注男生、低年龄段学生和经济发达地区儿童青少年超重与肥胖的流行趋势,采取综合措施促进儿童青少年健康.     

北京西城区中小学生超重与肥胖影响因素分析

目的 探讨北京西城区中小学生2010—2011年超重和肥胖流行状况及相关危险因素。方法 应用多层整群随机抽样方法对西城区2 261名11~18岁中小学生进行问卷调查和现场体检,对相关因素进行logistic多元回归分析。结果 学生肥胖发生率为7.6%,其中女生为8.2%,男生为6.9%;肥胖学生中每天运动<60 min者占74.9%,明显高于体重正常组的38.7%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;有肥胖家族史的青少年肥胖发生率为53.8%;logistic多元回归分析显示,女性、使用电脑时间长、不规律体育运动和肥胖家族史是超重和肥胖的危险因素。结论 西城区中小学生超重和肥胖与多种原因相关,除不良生活方式外,家族遗传也是常见的危险因素。     

大理市小学生超重肥胖状况及影响因素多水平模型分析

探讨个体水平和社区食品环境因素对小学生超重肥胖的影响,为制定儿童超重肥胖的干预措施提供理论依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取大理市小学生4 354名.采用体格测量、问卷调查等方法收集数据,利用多水平模型进行影响因素分析.结果 大理市小学生超重率为8.5%,其中男生为10.4%,女生为8.5%;肥胖率为7.7%,其中男生为9.3%,女生为6.1%.社区食品密度、年龄、性别、家庭经济条件、看电视时间、运动次数、是否喜食零食以及父母亲是否超重和肥胖等因素与小学生超重肥胖相关.结论 个人、家庭、社会应该加强对小学生超重肥胖发生及其危害的认识,采取综合干预措施,特别是改善社区食品环境,以降低儿童超重肥胖率.     

银川市中小学生腹型肥胖现况

了解银川市中小学生腹型肥胖分布特征,为中小学生肥胖和慢性病的预防提供理论依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,选取银川市9所学校共2 598名中小学生进行身高、体重、腰围测定.结果 银川中小学生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率分别为12.5%,6.9%和14.8%,其中腹型肥胖占肥胖儿童的87.0%;男生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率均高于女生(P值均<0.01);不同BMI组腹型肥胖检出率:肥胖组>超重组>正常组(P<0.01);城镇学生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率均高于农村(P值均<0.01).结论 银川市中小学生肥胖主要是腹型肥胖,需要制定积极有效的干预措施.     

Prevalence and risk factors of violence among elementary school children in Cairo

School violence is a growing problem that has received widespread attention. Violent behavior for elementary school children is primarily expressed as physical or verbal aggression. Various factors contribute to violent and aggression by children at homes, schools or individual risk factors. The aim of the present study is to measure the prevalence of violence, risk factors, and different forms among elementary school children, to identify consequence of violent exposure and children with abnormal behavior score. A cross-sectional study was done enrolling a total of 500 elementary students from two mixed schools (private and public) 250 from each in North Cairo Educational Zone. Data collected from students, parents and teachers were: violence behavior, home and family atmosphere, peer relation, exposure to violence at school; being victimized, witness, or initiator, and other risk factors. Standardized questionnaires were used as Achenback Child Behavior checklist, parent and teacher forms of Strength and Difficulty questionnaires (SDQ), and developmental history of child. Monthly grades of students, IQ assessment, physical examination of students were recorded. RESULTS: Prevalence of different forms of violence was higher in public school than private; physical violence 76%, 62% respectively. All forms of violence were higher among boys. Living with a single parent (OR = 2.3), absence of an attachment figure (OR = 13.6), instrumental delivery or cesarean section (OR = 1.9), corporal punishment (OR = 3), violent video games preference (OR = 2.5), exposure to verbal aggression (OR = 3), relations with aggressive peers (OR = 3) were risk factors for violence. Teacher's report of SDQ revealed abnormal score of student's behavior in (32.4%) and (22%) students of public and private schools respectively. The most frequent problems revealed by SDQ among victimized students of both schools was conduct problems (64.7%) in teacher's report and peer relation problems 93.6% in parent's report. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Abnormal and borderline scores of SDQ are high among studied students, Follow up and supervision is needed to prevent violence among them. An effective role model to direct student's behavior should receive more concern at the school and home level.     

北京市某中学学生低体质量、体质量超标和肥胖流行状况

目的 评价和比较家庭社会经济状况比较优裕的学生群体中男女生低体质量和肥胖流行情况。方法 2004年10月采用自填问卷方式对北京市某重点中学高二年级学生进行了现况调查，获得有效样本353例。一月后又根据该校医务室同年10月的体检记录，核实了78名学生，两次身高和体质量数据的相关系数分别为0．99和0．98。采用全国不同年龄不同性别体质量指数（BMI）的第10百分位数判断低体质量，采用中国学生BMI体质量超标和肥胖筛查标准判定体质量超标与肥胖。结果 学生家长的文化程度80％多在大专以上，职业以干部或教师为主。男女生低体质量检出率分别是6.2％和11.6％（P=0．10，把握度=0．43）：体质量超标检出率分别为13．0％和3．9％，前者是后者的3．3（95％CI：1．52～7．48）倍；肥胖检出率分别是10．3％和3．4％，前者是后者的3.0（95％CI：1．27～7．26）倍。调查还发现19．8％的男生和33．8％的女生曾有过减肥经历（P〈0．01）；根据BMI判定标准，44．9％的自认为肥胖的男生被判为体质量超标或肥胖，而女生该比例却降为13．7％（P〈0．01）。结论 家庭社会经济状况比较好的男生群体肥胖问题尤显突出，而女生群体低体质量问题更值得关注，与追求“形体关”有关的减肥经历可能是导致女生低体质量的主要因素之一。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children, using four different definitions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children using four different weight-for-height methods and to examine secular trends from previous national data. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. Weight and height were measured according to standard procedures and used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity using four weight-for-height methods of assessment, actual relative weight, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index (BMI) for age charts for boys and girls, the BMI reference curves for the UK 1990 and the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. SETTING: The survey was carried out between 2003 and 2004 in the Republic of Ireland. SUBJECTS: Random representative sample of 596 children aged 5-12 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children is high, but varies considerably with each method. The prevalence of obesity in boys ranged from 4.1 to 11.2 % and in girls from 9.3 to 16.3%. Between 1990 and 2005, depending on the method used, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in obesity in children aged 8-12 years. CONCLUSION: It is evident given the variation displayed in the prevalence of obesity when using the different methods, that there is a discernible need for a single definition to identify the obese child in Ireland. The findings show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children and the increase in the prevalence of obesity over the last 15 years highlights this growing public health issue.     

北京市2004年2-18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的分析北京市2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率水平及分布特征.方法利用2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查总样本中21 198名2～18岁人群的体重指数数据,分别采用中国（WGOC标准）、美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC 2000标准）和国际肥胖工作组（IOTF标准）推荐的儿童青少年超重和肥胖体重指数分类标准计算超重和肥胖检出率.结果北京市2～18岁儿童青少年合并超重（包括肥胖）检出率、肥胖检出率分别是18.6%和8.1%（CDC 2000标准）,17.4%和5.1%（IOTF标准）;根据WGOC计算的7～18岁合并超重检出率和肥胖检出率是20.9%和8.9%.学龄儿童（6～18岁）的合并超重率高于学龄前儿童（19.8%：14.8%,CDC 2000标准）;学龄儿童中,男性高于女性（26.7%：16.5%,WGOC标准）,城市高于农村（27.0%：15.9%,WGOC标准）;学龄前儿童城乡间差异无统计学意义.结论北京市有1/5的儿童青少年超重或肥胖,居国内最高水平.儿童青少年肥胖已经成为北京市一个重要公共卫生问题,需要引起社会高度关注.     

Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark

AIM: To study the current prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark from 1995 to 2000-2002. METHODS: Cross-sectional national dietary surveys were conducted in 1995 and 2000-2002. The analysis was based on two random population samples from the Danish civil registration system. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight for 1,026 and 1,152 children and adolescents (4-18 years), who participated in 1995 and 2000-2002, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was defined according to the international age and gender-specific child BMI cut-off points. In the statistical analysis, overweight and obesity were included in the prevalence of overweight. RESULTS: Mean BMI increased significantly between 1995 and 2000-2002 for all combinations of age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years) and genders. Prevalence of overweight increased between survey years for boys and girls for all age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years), although formal statistical significance was not reached (p>0.05). When all children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed, the prevalence of overweight rose significantly from 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.0-12.8) to 14.4% (95% CI 12.5-16.3) between 1995 and 2000- 2002 (p=0.01), whereas the increase in the prevalence of obesity did not reach significance (1995, 2.3% (95% CI 1.3-3.3) vs. 2000-2002, 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-3.3); p=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a significant increase from 1995 to 2000-2002 in mean BMI for boys and girls for all age groups and a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight when all Danish children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed.     

Prevention of obesity in elementary and nursery school children

In order to control obesity in children a longitudinal study has been carried out, basedon a continuous and qualified health education programme. A total of 1321 children of three different schools have been considered:-MA school: Multi-media Action school; WA school: Written Action school; C school: Control school. At time 0, the distribution of the population in height-weight classes was determined through the modified Body Mass Index. At that time, a mean of 11·7% obese, 24·4% overweight and 19·7% underweight children was noted. After one year of intervention, the situation in the three schools was as follows:-MA school: obese decrease=12·2%; overweight decrease=12·1%; WA school and C school: no significant change in comparison with time 0. The results obtained prove the efficacy of the multi-media action and, on the other hand, call for a more detailed study as regards the school where neither a direct intervention nor audiovisual aids have been used.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian preschool children

The problem of obesity is taking a worldwide dimension. However, there is paucity of data on obesity in Nigerian children. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among Nigerian preschool children. A total of 270 children were recruited from 216 households using multistage cluster sampling technique. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.7% and 5.2% respectively while the prevalence of underweight was 8.5%. Although, there was no statistically significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, duration of breastfeeding and the prevalence of overweight (P = 0.569, 0.669 respectively), the prevalence of overweight decreases with increase in the duration of breastfeeding. Ninety-nine (36.3%) children were given infant formula feeds with 92 (93.9%) children introduced to infant formula feeds before the age of 6 months. The use of infant formula feeds was significantly associated with reduction in the prevalence of overweight (P = 0.041). No linear relationship was detected in the association between overweight and socioeconomic class. The population shows heterogeneity in their nutritional problem by having mixture of obesity and underweight. There is need for trend of obesity to be monitored so that timely intervention will be taken and associated morbidity and mortality from obesity prevented.     

Correction: prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of overweight and obesity among Pakistani primary school children

ABSTRACT: Since the publication of our article [1], we have noticed some errors in the final published version, for which the corresponding author accepts full responsibility. Page references are to the final PDF version. Page 3: Results, second paragraph Lines 1-2: "BMI... 20.7 (5.02) kg/m2..." should read "BMI... 16.0 (3.0) kg/m2..." Lines 6-8: "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 33% (95% CI 31.1-35.3) and 24% (95% CI 22.4-26.2) respectively" should read "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI 7.1-9.6) and 4.7% (95% CI 3.8-5.7) respectively" Page 4: Table 1 The values for mean and standard deviation (SD) for BMI (kg/m2) are revised. Page 4: Table 2 The values for mean BMI (SD) and overweight and obesity prevalence according to the IOTF cut-offs are revised. Page 5: Figure 2 The values for grade- and gender- specific mean BMI are revised. Page 6: Second paragraph Lines 1-8: "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was twice the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (33% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was three times higher than that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (24% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in higher estimates than the WHO 2007 reference." should read "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was half the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (8% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was two-third of that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (5% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in lower estimates than the WHO 2007 reference. A relatively lower overweight and obesity prevalence with use of the IOTF cut-offs as compared to the WHO reference had been reported elsewhere [2-3]." In present study, the estimates for overweight included obese children.