腹腔镜胆总管探查鼻胆管引流与T管引流的疗效比较*

目的比较分析腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术后鼻胆管引流与T管引流治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(CBDS)的临床疗效。探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查、一期缝合并经腹置鼻胆管引流术的临床经验。方法回顾性分析成都市第二人民医院肝胆胰外科2014年5月-2015年5月55例胆囊结石合并CBDS患者分别行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术+胆总管探查+一期缝合术+经腹置鼻胆管引流30例(鼻胆管组)及腹腔镜下胆囊切除术+胆总管探查+T管引流25例(T管组)的临床资料,对比分析两组患者的临床治疗情况。结果两组手术时间、术后住院时间、胃肠功能恢复时间和胆道引流管留置时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),鼻胆管组更具优势;术中出血量,术后第1天胆汁引流量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第2和3天胆汁引流量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),T管组优势更明显。T管组术后并发症共11例(44.0%),鼻胆管组共10例(33.3%),差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但术后水、电解质紊乱致厌食、恶心等消化道症状几乎均由T管引流造成,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术后鼻胆管引流扩大了胆总管一期缝合的适应证,避免了T管引流的一系列弊端,并未增加胆漏、结石残留及胆道狭窄等并发症发生率,体现了微创外科技术的优越性,适应证范围内治疗胆囊结石合并CBDS安全、有效。     

胆总管切开探查术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流治疗结果比较

目的 :探讨胆总管切开探查术后胆管一期缝合的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 :10 3例胆总管结石患者按照胆管探查术后处理方法分成胆管一期缝合组 (19例 )和T管引流组 (84例 ) ,比较两组治疗结果。结果 :与T管引流组相比 ,一期缝合组在术后胆汁引流量、带管时间、术后住院时间、术后近期并发症方面具有极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,在术中失血量、手术时间、手术死亡率方面无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :胆总管探查术后胆管一期缝合不延长手术时间 ,不增加手术死亡率 ,可缩短术后住院时间 ,减少胆汁丧失量 ,避免因放置T管引起的各种并发症 ,是安全可行的     

胆道支架和鼻胆管引流在腹腔镜胆总管探查术后一期缝合中的应用

目的 对比胆道支架和鼻胆管引流在腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）后一期缝合中的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年8月－2021年1月在该院行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）取石失败的74例患者的临床资料,分为支架引流组（n = 38）和鼻胆管引流组（n = 36）。支架引流组ERCP取石失败后放置胆道支架引流,鼻胆管引流组ERCP取石失败后放置鼻胆管引流,两组患者均行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术。比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后胆总管结石复发率和住院时间。结果 两组患者胆管缝合方式、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症总发生率和住院费用比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。鼻胆管引流组术后胆瘘发生率明显低于支架引流组,住院时间明显短于支架引流组,术后肠道功能恢复时间明显长于支架引流组,术后总补液量多于支架引流组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 ERCP取石失败后放置鼻胆管引流,可降低LCBDE术后一期缝合的胆瘘发生率,缩短住院时间,但放置胆道支架引流患者肠道功能恢复更快,补液量更少。因此,在临床操作中,应根据患者具体情况,选择相应的个体化引流方式。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流比较的系统评价

目的系统评价腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石后胆管一期缝合(LBEPS)与腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石后T管引流(LCHTD)治疗胆总管结石的效果,为医患双方合理选择术式提供证据。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验数据库(2010年第2期)、PubMed(1978～2010)、EMbase(1966～2010)、CBM(1978～2010)、CNKI(1979～2010)和中华医学会数字化期刊系统(1990～2010),并手工检索中、英文已发表的资料和会议论文并追索纳入文献的参考文献,查找比较LBEPS与LCHTD治疗胆总管结石的随机或半随机对照试验。在对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入3个随机对照试验和1个半随机对照试验,合计274例患者。Meta分析结果表明:与LCHTD相比,LBEPS能缩短手术时间[WMD=–17.11,95%CI(–25.86,–8.36)]、腹腔引流时间[WMD=–0.74,95%CI(–1.39,–0.10)]、术后住院天数[WMD=–3.30,95%CI(–3.67,–2.92)]和减少住院费用[WMD=–2998.75,95%CI(–4396.24,–1601.26)],而且还能降低由放置T管引起的脱管及拔管后胆漏、胆汁性腹膜炎等并发症的发生[RR=0.56,95%CI(0.29,1.09)]。结论 LBEPS治疗胆总管结石总体疗效优于与LCHTD,其前提是需严格掌握手术适应症。由于纳入研究质量普遍较低,上述结论尚需开展更多设计合理、执行严格的多中心大样本且随访时间足够的随机对照试验加以验证。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合的可行性和适应证及临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年7月-2010年10月72例胆管结石患者的临床资料,采用三孔法腹腔镜胆总管探查术,术中胆道镜配合胆道手术器械取石,一期缝合胆总管进行治疗.结果 72例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,4例出现术后胆漏,经腹腔引流3～5 d治愈,无严重并发症...     

腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查在胆管结石中的应用

目的：总结腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查取石术在临床的应用，探讨其手术方法，术中注意事项及临床应用蹬优缺点。方法：采用腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石，T管引流或一期缝合。结果：23例胆总管结石手术21例获得成功，2例中转开腹。结论：腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术只要掌握适应证，就是一种创伤小，恢复快，安全可靠的微创手术。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查术治疗胆管结石40例疗效观察

对我院2013年7月~2014年7月收治的80例胆管结石患者进行临床观察,将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查术治疗,对照组采用开腹手术治疗,记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间等相关指标,同时观察患者的治疗效果和不良反应发生情况。经过手术治疗后,所有患者的结石均已取出。治疗组手术时间长于对照组,治疗组的术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后疼痛时间、不良反应发生率均低于对照组,两组数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查术治疗胆管结石疗效显著,并发症少,缩短了患者住院时间,减轻了患者的痛苦。     

胆总管探查不置T管引流一期缝合52例

胆总管探查T管引流术是临床的经典术式,但近年来有临床工作者采用胆总管探查不置T管引流、并行胆总管一期缝合有较好效果的报道.我院于2006年3月至2010年3月间对胆总管结石和可疑胆总管结石,并排除胆道恶性肿瘤及肝内胆管结石的52例患者,行探查一期缝合,取得满意效果,现报道如下.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术临床分析

86例胆总管结石患者分为常规组和微创组各43例。常规组患者采用开腹胆总管探查术进行治疗;微创组患者采用腹腔镜胆总管探查术进行治疗。结果微创组患者的手术时间和住院时间明显短于常规组;术中出血量明显少于常规组;术后各时间点胆总管压力的升高幅度明显大于常规组;围手术期出现并发症的人数明显少于常规组。应用腹腔镜胆总管探查术对患者进行检查和治疗的临床效果非常明显。     

老年胆总管结石合并2型糖尿病患者腹腔镜胆总管探查术胆总管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆总管切开探查术(LCBDE)胆总管一期缝合和T管引流治疗老年胆总管结石合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的疗效。方法腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查+纤维胆道镜取石治疗老年胆总管结石合并T2DM患者65例,其中术后采用胆总管一期缝合33例为A组,采用T管引流术32例为B组。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、补液量、住院费用及并发症发生率。结果与B组比较,A组手术时间短、术后住院时间短、补液量少、住院费用少、发热时间短,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t分别=2.13、2.61、3.78、3.29、3.02,P均<0.05);A组并发胆漏、胆管狭窄、腹腔感染、结石残余和胆管炎的发生率与B组比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2分别=3.58、2.61、4.27、3.88、3.51,P均>0.05)。结论与术后采用T管引流术比较,胆总管探查术后一期缝合对于老年胆总管结石合并T2DM患者是安全可靠的。     

不同方式的腹腔镜胆道探查术治疗胆总管结石的临床前瞻性研究

目的通过比较分析腹腔镜下经胆囊管和经胆总管切开T管引流及胆管一期缝合胆道镜取石治疗胆囊结石继发胆总管结石病人的疗效,以评价各种腹腔镜胆道探查方式治疗胆总管结石的临床价值。方法自2000年1月￣2003年6月根据4项筛选标准,对符合条件的61例病人按胆道探查途径不同分为经胆囊管组(n=14)和胆总管切开组,后者又分为胆总管一期缝合组(n=23)和T管引流组(n=24)。比较观察3组病例的手术时间、腹腔引流时间、术后住院日、恢复正常工作时间、术后平均输液量、住院费用、手术并发症及术后随访结果。结果经胆囊管组手术时间明显短于一期缝合组和T管引流组(P<0.05),T管引流组腹腔引流时间、术后住院日、恢复正常工作时间、术后平均输液量、住院费用明显长于或高于经胆囊管组和一期缝合组(P<0.05),而经胆囊管组和一期缝合组除手术时间外其他指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。经胆囊管组出现手术并发症1例(7.1%),一期缝合组出现手术并发症3例(13.0%),均为胆道并发症;T管引流组出现手术并发症7例(29.2%),其中胆道并发症5例(20.8%)。3组患者随访结果无明显差异。结论经胆囊管途径的腹腔镜胆道探查术治疗适合的胆囊结石继发胆总管结石病人的疗效优于胆管切开途径的腹腔镜胆道探查术,而后者中胆管一期缝合的疗效又明显优与T管引流。     

胆道内置管引流在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后以胆道内置管引流代替T管引流的安全性和可行性。方法对过去4年开展腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后胆道内置管引流胆总管一期缝合病例进行回顾性分析，包括临床资料、术后并发症以及随访结果。结果自2000年9月～2005年6月共完成腹腔镜胆总管探查术166例，其中70例因肝内外多发性胆管结石或化脓性胆管炎、较严重的胰腺炎等放置T管引流外，其余96例术中确诊已取净结石、无胆道狭窄的患者放置内置管引流取代T管引流，胆总管一期缝合，无1例中转开腹，无1例死亡。放置内置管引流手术时间为45～237min，平均98min。术后胆漏4例，引流2～4d自止，无需特殊治疗；术后腹腔内出血1例，当日行再次腹腔镜手术结扎止血成功。内置管除3例不能自行排出，于术后1个月经十二指肠镜取出外，其余93例患者内置管均自行排出。随访3个月～4年均未发现胆道有关的并发症。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后内置管引流，能有效引流胆汁，防止胆道高压，保证了胆总管一期缝合的安全，避免了T管引起的并发症，大大减轻了患者的痛苦，适应于大多数胆总管结石患者。     

腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石(附34例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法对收治的34例胆囊结石继发胆总管结石或胆总管结石合并肝内胆管结石或单纯胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查取石，并对其病例资料进行分析。结果Ⅰ期缝合胆总管12例(35．29％)，留置T管引流20例(58．82％)，中转开腹留置T管引流2例(5．9％)；一次性结石取净率为82．35％(28／34)，胆管残石率为11．76％(4／34)。全组病例无1例出现术后并发症，无手术死亡病例。结论腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石安全可行，且具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症发生率较低及美容等优点。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后胆道引流方法的改进

胆总管切开取石术后能否一期缝合的争论由来已久[1],一般认为胆总管一期缝合前须放置适当的胆道引流。我们在临床工作中探索制作了一胆道内置引流管,在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后用胆道内置管引流,胆总管一期缝合,效果较满意[2],现将我们的经验介绍如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料     

Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones

In a consecutive series of 228 patients reterred to Kalundborg Sygehus, Surgical Department, for treatment of gall bladder disease, 17 patients had common bile duct (CBD) stones. Nine were found pre-operatively and treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), papillotomy and stone extraction. In two cases, however, the ERC procedure failed and the patients were treated successfully using laparoscopic therapy. Six CBD stones were found during laparoscopic surgery. Four of these patients were treated with laparoscopic stone extraction. In two patients laparoscopic stone extraction was not possible and they were treated post-operatively with ERC and stone extraction. Two CBD stones were discovered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One was treated with ERC and stone extraction, the other with open surgery. By combining endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures, it is possible in most cases to avoid open surgery for the treatment of CBD stones.     

Outcomes of laparoscopic bile duct exploration for choledocholithiasis with small common bile duct

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration (LCBDE) is one of the main treatments for choledocholithiasis with CBD diameter of larger than 10 mm. However, for patients with small CBD (CBD diameter ≤ 8 mm), endoscopic sphincterotomy remains the preferred treatment at present, but it also has some drawbacks associated with a series of complications, such as pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, and duodenal perforation. To date, few studies have been reported that support the feasibility and safety of LCBDE for choledocholithiasis with small CBD.AIMTo investigate the feasibility and safety of LCBDE for choledocholithiasis with small CBD.METHODSA total of 257 patients without acute cholangitis who underwent LC + LCBDE for cholecystolithiasis from January 2013 to December 2018 in one institution were reviewed. The clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to whether the diameter of CBD was larger than 8 mm, 257 patients were divided into large CBD group (n = 146) and small CBD group (n = 111). Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to adjust for clinical differences. The demographics, intraoperative data, short-term outcomes, and long-term follow-up outcomes for the patients were recorded and compared.RESULTSIn total, 257 patients who underwent successful LC + LCBDE were enrolled in the study, 146 had large CBD and 111 had small CBD. The median follow-up period was 39 (14-86) mo. For small CBD patients, the median CBD diameter was 0.6 cm (0.2-2.0 cm), the mean operating time was 107.2 ± 28.3 min, and the postoperative bile leak rate, rate of residual CBD stones (CBDS), CBDS recurrence rate, and CBD stenosis rate were 5.41% (6/111), 3.60% (4/111), 1.80% (2/111), and 0% (0/111), respectively; the mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.4 ± 3.6 d. For large CBD patients, the median common bile duct diameter was 1.0 cm (0.3-3.0 cm), the mean operating time was 115.7 ± 32.0 min, and the postoperative bile leak rate, rate of residual CBDS, CBDS recurrence rate, and CBD stenosis rate were 5.41% (9/146), 1.37% (2/146), 6.85% (10/146), and 0% (0/146), respectively; the mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.7 ± 2.7 d. After propensity score matching, 184 patients remained, and all preoperative covariates except diameter of CBD stones were balanced. Postoperative bile leak occurred in 11 patients overall (5.98%), and no difference was found between the small CBD group (4.35%, 4/92) and the large CBD group (7.61%, 7/92). The incidence of CBDS recurrence did not differ significantly between the small CBD group (2.17%, 2/92) and the large CBD group (6.52%, 6/92).CONCLUSIONLC + LCBDE is safe and feasible for choledocholithiasis patients with small CBD and did not increase the postoperative bile leak rate compared with chole-docholithiasis patients with large CBD.     

Successful treatment of limy bile syndrome extending to the common bile duct by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration: A case report and literature review

Limy bile syndrome extending to the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare condition that lacks a standardized treatment. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy by CBD exploration is preferred because it preserves the function of the sphincter of the Vater's papilla and allows treatment of both lesions. A 37‐year‐old man who was receiving entecavir for chronic hepatitis B developed right upper quadrant pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a calcified shadow in the gallbladder and CBD. Abdominal imaging revealed a liquid‐like material identified by a calcified shadow in two phases separated by a fluid‐fluid level. Abdominal and 3‐D drip infusion cholangiography CT showed stones in the gallbladder and CBD with limy bile. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy. Intraoperatively, white–yellow‐colored bile and stones were drained from the CBD. A C‐tube was placed. Postoperatively, remnant stones and radiopaque materials were absent. The stones comprised of >95% calcium carbonate.