四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木的显微鉴别研究

目的:对夹竹桃科植物四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木进行显微鉴别比较。方法:采用石蜡切片法对根、茎、叶进行切片;用常规的显微技术观察组织构造和显微特征;用生物显微摄影技术真实还原细胞的显微结构特征。结果:四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木根横切面的韧皮部均较窄,四叶萝芙木木纤维众多,而催吐萝芙木导管明显;四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木茎横切面的韧皮部外侧均有散在纤维,且断续排列成环,四叶萝芙木茎横切面可见大量木纤维,而催吐萝芙木没有木纤维;四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木叶横切面的中脉维管束均呈半月形,中脉上下方表皮细胞内侧均有厚角组织,四叶萝芙木上下表皮均具有非腺毛,而催吐萝芙木没有非腺毛。结论:以上显微特征可作为四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木的主要鉴别依据。     

防风与亳州移载防风和一种伪品防风的比较

本文对防风、亳州移栽防风和一种伪品防风进行了性状、显微特征、薄层色谱和紫外分光光谱的比较.防风与亳州移栽防风在性状、显微特征上存在较大差异,但薄层色谱和紫外分光图谱相同防风与伪品防风比较,性状、显微特征相似,但薄层色谱、紫外分光光谱不同.     

不同产地萝芙木药材质量评价

目的 对不同产地萝芙木药材进行质量评价,为萝芙木药材质量标准修订提供依据.方法 收集市场上不同产地萝芙木药材,应用RP-HPLC法测定不同产地萝芙木药材样本中利血平含量.结果 不同产地萝芙木药材中利血平含量差异显著,入药部位为主要因素,以云南萝芙木根部含量最高.结论 市场上不同产地萝芙木药材在质量上存在差异.     

一种伪品延胡索的鉴别

本文对延胡索的一种伪品进行了药材性状、显微特征及理化鉴别的比较实验     

5种卷柏科药材的显微与薄层色谱鉴定

目的:建立5种卷柏科药材(卷柏、垫状卷柏、江南卷柏、翠云草、薄叶卷柏)的显微与薄层色谱鉴定方法。方法:对茎横切面进行显微观察及对全草进行薄层色谱研究,通过比较,确立各种药材的鉴别特征。结果:5种药材均有稳定的显微特征及各自的薄层色谱。结论:研究结果为5种卷柏类药材的应用提供了鉴别依据;并说明比较研究是中药鉴定学科中不可忽视的基本方法。     

一种伪品延胡索的鉴别

本文对延胡索的一种伪品进行了药材性状，显微特征及理化鉴别的比较实验。     

野生羊栖菜和养殖羊栖菜的比较鉴别研究

目的对野生羊栖菜和养殖羊栖菜进行比较鉴别研究。方法对两者进行性状、显微特征等方面的比较。结果两者在性状、显微特征方面存在一定差异。结论为两者的鉴定提供了一定的依据。     

透骨草与其伪品马鞭草的生药鉴定

本文对透骨草及其伪品马鞭草进行了性状和显微特征的比较研究,为正确鉴别这两种中药提供了依据。     

一种蒲黄伪品的鉴别

目的研究一种新出现的蒲黄伪品的鉴别方法。方法通过观察药材性状、显微特征和薄层色谱,对蒲黄真伪品进行比较鉴别。结果真品与伪品在药材性状、显微特征、理化现象和薄层色谱四方面均有显著差异。结论4种方法相互结合,能有效地鉴别蒲黄真伪。     

一种西红花掺伪品鉴别

目的研究一种新出现的西红花伪品的鉴别方法。方法通过观察药材性状、显微特征和薄层色谱,对真伪品进行比较鉴别。结果真品与伪品在药材性状、显微特征和薄层色谱3个方面均有着明显差异。结论 3种方法相互结合,能有效地鉴别西红花真假。 更多还原     

海南萝芙木季胺碱化学成分的研究

从海南萝芙木生产“降压灵”的母液,经盐析得到生物碱部分,用硅胶柱层,制备薄层和葡聚糖凝胶过滤法,分得六种生物碱。碱Ⅰ(ajmaline)、碱Ⅱ(vellosimine)、碱Ⅲ(spegatrine)、碱Ⅳ(verticillatine)为已知碱,碱Ⅴ和碱Ⅵ为两个新的二聚体生物碱。根据红外、紫外、质谱、氢谱及碳谱等光谱分析,推定碱Ⅴ的化学结构为1式,命名为双斯配加春(dispegatrine)。并用半合成方法进一步确证了其结构.碱Ⅵ的结构待定.药理研究表明碱Ⅴ和碱Ⅵ均具有α-肾上腺素能受体阻断作用。     

中药黄耆原植物和生药学的研究 Ⅰ.黄耆的原植物鉴定和本草学考证

作者等調查和鉴定了全国商品黄耆的原植物,主要为黄耆Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.及其变种蒙古黄耆A.membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao;次要的来源还有金翼黄耆A.chrysopterus Bge.、塘谷耳黄耆A.tongolensis Ulbr.、茂汶黄耆Astragalus maowenensis Hsiao及多花黄耆A.floridus Benth.商品中称紅耆的主要原植物为多序岩黄耆Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.此外还发現伪品和类似品的原植物14种。通过本草考証并結合目前商品黄耆的实际情况,认为正品黄耆应該是A.membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.     

14种花椒属药用植物根的生药鉴定

本文报告了14种花椒属药用植物根的形状、组织和化学成分的鉴定研究。列表区别其粉末及解离组织特征,并用薄层层析法对化学成分作了比较。     

Contribution to in vitro screening of Egyptian plants for schistosomicidal activity

Context: This study is a continuation of our previous work in which a bioassay screening of 346 methanol extracts from 281 Egyptian plant species was carried out for in vitro schistosomicidal activity.

Objective: Another 309 methanol extracts from 278 plant species were subjected to the bioassay screening using the same technique on viable Schistosoma mansoni Sambon (Schistosomatidae) mature worms in specialized culture medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640) in a trial to discover a source for a schistosomiasis drug from Egyptian flora.

Material and methods: The methanol plant extracts were tested in vitro against viable S. mansoni mature worms in culture medium. Viability of worms was examined after exposure to 100 μg/ml of the extract in the medium for 24?h. Negative (dimethyl sulfoxide) and positive (praziquantel) controls were simultaneously used. Extracts showing schistosomicidal activity were further subjected to determination of their (Lethal concentration) LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values.

Results: Confirmed in vitro antischistosomal activity was found in 42 extracts. Of these, 14 plant species possessed considerably high antischistosomal activity (LC₅₀ ≤ 15 µg/ml), viz. Callistemon viminalis (Soland. Ex Gaertn) Cheel, C. rigidus R.Br., C. speciosus (Sims.) DC, C. citrinus Stapf, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, E. rostrata Dehnh., Eugenia edulis Vell, E. javanica Lam syn. Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merril, Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) L., M. stypheloides Sm. (all belong to Myrtaceae), Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl (Cruciferae), Ficus trijuja L. (Moraceae) and Fagonia mollis Delile (Zygophylacae).

Discussion and conclusion: These species may represent additional natural sources of bioactive material that deserve further investigation for drug discovery against schistosomiasis.     

石虎的化学成分研究

由石虎果实的酸性乙醇提取物中分得五种单纯成分。其中四种经鉴定为吳萸內酯(Evodin或Limonin)、吳萸碱、去甲基吳萸碱和羟基吳萸碱。最后一种暂命名为石虎甲素[C₁₈H₁₈O₆,熔点262℃,[a]_D³⁰-65.5°(c=0.061,氯仿)],可使溴的冰醋酸溶液褪色,紫外和红外吸收光谱表明为不饱和酮     

Phytochemical investigations and bioactivity evaluation of liverworts as a function of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in animal models

Abstract

Context: Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are the second largest group of bryophytes exhibiting promising pharmacological and biological activities. They have been used as remedies for cuts, fractures, burns, bruises, open wounds, inflammation and pneumonia.

Objective: In the present study, eight liverwort species [Corsinia coriandrina (Spreng.) Lindb. (Corsiniaceae), Mannia androgyna (L.) A. Evans (Aytoniaceae), Plagiochasma rupestre (J.R. Forst et G. Forst) Steph. (Aytoniaceae), Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore (Porellaceae), Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. (Porellaceae), Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi (Aytoniaceae), Riccia fluitans L. (Ricciaceae), and Targionia hypophylla L. (Targioniaceae)] have been investigated for their phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects as a function of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, in connection with the major volatile components of the extracts.

Material and methods: The chemical compositions of these species and major constituents were identified using GC/MS. In addition, carrageenan-induced paw edema and p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction models were used for the activity assessments.

Results: Sesquiterpenes were detected as common constituents of all liverworts. The in vivo experimental models revealed that P. cordeana, P. rupestre and R. haemispherica show significant inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema with the inhibition values of 25.4, 27.2 and 29.4%, respectively. Porella cordaeana, P. platyphylla, P. rupestre and R. haemispherica exhibit promising suppressing effect on p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction animal models with the values of 27.6, 31.5, 44.6, and 41.1%, respectively.

Discussion: It is suggested that the sesquiterpenes are partly responsible for mentioned activities of the liverworts.

Conclusion: The present study confirms the claimed anti-inflammatory activity of liverworts in a scientific platform.     

中药败酱草的形态组织学研究——Ⅲ.菊科苦苣菜属、莴苣属和苦荬菜属植物

本文报道我国北方使用的来源于菊科植物的中药败酱草的生药形态组织学的研究结果,它们是:苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis L.S.、苦苣菜oleraceus L.圆耳苦苣菜S.asper (L.)Hill.紫花山莴苣Lactuca tatarica(L.)C.A.Mey.、中华苦荬菜Ixeris ccinensis(Thunb.)Nakai、抱茎苦荬菜I.sonchifolia Hance和苦荬菜I.denticulata(Houtt.)Stebb..文中附有生药组织图7幅以及上述生药的性状检索表和显微特征检索表.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dioscorea</Emphasis> genus: a review of bioactive steroid saponins

This review will summarize some of the important reports on the chemistry and the biological activities of Dioscorea steroid saponins from the literature data of recent years (2000–2006) and from the authors’ studies. These discoveries became possible as a result of the scientific development of isolation, structure elucidation, and the development of in vitro bioassays. Over 50 steroid saponins of furostane-, spirostane-, and pregnane-type skeleton have been discovered and characterized from 13 Dioscorea species, namely, D. bulbifera L., D. cayenensis Lam.-Holl, D. colletii Hook. F. var. hypoglauca (Palib.) Pei et Ting, D. deltoidea Wall var. orbiculata, D. futschauensis R. Kunth, D. nipponica Mak., D. panthaica Prain et Burkill, D. parviflora Ting, D. polygonoides Humb. et Bonpl., D. pseudojaponica Yamamoto, D. spongiosa Xi, Mizuno et Zhao, D. villosa L., D. zingiberensis Wright. The main biological and pharmacological properties of Dioscorea saponins concern cytotoxic and antifungal activity, which are highlighted.     

Latex of Euphorbia Royleana Boiss. The Source of Gomutra Silajit (Silajatu) - An Ancient Miraculous Drug of India

Abstract

Borreria spp. (Rubiaceae) are common weeds found in tropical regions. B. princeae found growing in East Africa is used in the treatment of skin diseases (Kokwaro 1976). B. verticillata (L.) G. F. W. Meyer, a West African species mainly found in the wet season, is used as an antieczematic in parts of Nigeria. The juice obtained from the aerial parts is applied topically. Previous work on this species has led to the identification of the alkaloid emetine (Trease et al., 1972).

The volatile oil of Borreria verticillata Linn, is obtained by distillation of the non-polar extractive under a nitrogen atmosphere. The oil is shown to inhibit the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Sesquiterpenes are shown to be implicated in this inhibitory effect.     

酸模属中草药的调查鉴定与成分分析

本文在全国调查的基础上,对酸模属中草药的9种原植物:酸模(Rumex acetosa),羊蹄(R.japonicus)、巴天酸模(R.patientia)、皱叶酸模(R.crispus)、尼泊尔酸模(R.nepalensis)、毛脉酸模(R.gmelini)、狭叶酸模(R.stenophyllus)、钝叶酸模(R.obtusi foliue)和红丝酸模(R.chalepensis)进行了分类鉴定研究。化学分析的结果表明。这9种植物的根部均含有抗真菌有效成分酸模素(nepodin),还均含有大黄素、大黄素甲醚和大黄酚等蒽醌衍生物;总蒽醌含量为0.44～3.18%。与大黄属(Rheum)药用植物比较,酸模属药用植物的结合型蒽醌与游离型的含量相差不太悬殊,而且有时后者还较前者为高。