孕中期多普勒超声联合血清学标志物检测预测胎儿宫内生长受限的研究

目的 探究孕中期多普勒超声联合血清学标志物预测胎儿宫内生长受限（FGR）的价值。方法 收集南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院及淮安区妇幼保健院孕妇560例,均于孕中期行超声子宫动脉血流参数[搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）、收缩期末流速与舒张期末流速比值（S/D）]及血清学标志物[妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)、胎盘生长因子（PLGF）、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG）]检测,随访至妊娠结束,统计FGR发生情况,比较发生与未发生FGR孕妇一般资料、孕中期超声子宫动脉血流参数及血清学标志物水平,分析超声子宫动脉血流参数与血清学标志物水平的相关性,并分析超声子宫动脉血流参数及血清学标志物水平预测FGR的价值。结果 本研究中FGR发生率为6.10%(34/557);发生FGR孕妇孕14周、孕16周、孕20周子宫动脉PI、RI、S/D均高于未发生FGR孕妇,血清PAPP-A、PLGF、β-HCG水平均低于未发生FGR孕妇（P<0.05）;孕14周、孕16周、孕20周子宫动脉PI、RI、S/D均与血清PAPP-A、PLGF、β-HCG水平呈负相关（P<0.05）;孕20周子宫动脉...     

孕中期超声监测子宫动脉血流动力学参数及平均动脉压对妊娠期高血压的预测价值探讨

目的:探究孕中期超声监测子宫动脉血流动力学参数及平均动脉压对妊娠期高血压的预测价值.方法:选取我科2019年2月至2021年5月期间收治的75例妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇为观察组,同期75例正常孕妇作为对照组,均于孕中期(孕28～32 w)应用多普勒超声监测子宫动脉参数及平均动脉压,对比两组子宫动脉血流动力学参数、平均动脉压(Mean arterial pressure,MAP)、胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数、母婴结局.采用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析MAP、子宫动脉血流动力学参数及胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数对妊娠期高血压孕妇的相关性,及对母婴结局的影响.结果:观察组子宫动脉搏动指数(Pulsatility index,PI)、阻力指数(Resistive index,RI)、收缩压最大血流速度与舒张末期最大血流速度比值(Maximum systolic blood flow velocity/Maximal end-diastolic flow velocity,S/D)、MAP、胎儿脐动脉PI、RI、S/D、早产率、新生儿窒息发生率均高于对照组,新生儿体质量、Apgar评分低于对照组(P＜0.05).经ROC分析得知,子宫动脉PI、RI、S/D和MAP诊断妊娠期高血压疾病的AUC分别为0.984、0.956、0.820、0.929,脐动脉PI、RI、S/D诊断妊娠期高血压疾病的AUC分别为0.989、0.824、0.820,均具有较高的特异度和敏感度.结论:孕中期超声监测子宫动脉、胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数联合MAP利于对筛查妊娠期高血压.     

彩色多普勒检测子宫动脉预测妊高征的价值研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒检测子宫动脉预测妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）的价值及临床意义。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对587例20～24周妊娠妇女的子宫动脉进行检测,通过观察追踪随访孕妇至分娩,根据是否出现高血压,把检测20～24周妊娠妇女的子宫动脉参数分为两组：正常组（560例）和高危组（27例）,进行对照研究,对比分析两组受检者子宫动脉血流动力学变化及声像图表现。结果①高危组子宫动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（Vd）较正常组快,舒张期最小血流速度（Vs）和平均血流速度（Vm）减慢（P〈0.01）,高危组子宫动脉阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）和收缩期峰值血流速度/舒张期最小血流速度（S/D）比正常组高（P〈0.01）,②高危组子宫动脉多普勒频谱表现典型者出现舒张早期＂V＂切迹。结论高危组患者子宫动脉血流动力学和多普勒频谱形态与正常组妊娠妇女有明显的不同,常规定期监测20～24周妊娠妇女子宫动脉血流动力学变化及多普勒频谱形态,对早期发现和治疗妊高征,保障母婴健康具有极其重要的意义。     

子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉血流多普勒参数在高危妊娠晚期中的应用

目的分析子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉血流多普勒参数变化与高危妊娠晚期妊娠结局的关系,为预测不良妊娠结局提供依据。方法选取2018年10月至2019年10月我院收治的孕34w～36w的高危妊娠孕妇95例作为研究组,选择同期在我院进行孕期检查的正常妊娠孕妇80例作为对照组,检测两组孕妇子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉的血流搏动指数、阻力指数及收缩期与舒张期流速比,分析上述参数指标与妊娠结局的关系。结果 (1)研究组妊娠结局中早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿生长受限及新生儿窒息发生率分别为24.21%、32.63%、17.89%及 15.79%,对照组中无胎儿生长受限及新生儿窒息病例,早产、胎儿宫内窘迫发生率分别为10.00%、3.75%,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2) 研究组孕妇中妊娠结局异常发生率为42.11%,对照组为5.00%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.769,P0.05);(3)研究组孕妇子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉血流参数PI、RI及S/D比值均明显高于正常对照组孕妇,研究组中妊娠结局异常组孕妇子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉血流参数PI、RI及S/D均明显高于妊娠结局正常孕妇,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)子宫动脉PI、RI及S/D比值预测胎儿状况的敏感性分别为91.0%、89.0%、87.0%,特异性分别为89.0%、85.0%、98.0%;胎儿脐动脉PI、RI及S/D比值预测胎儿状况的敏感性分别为87.0%、94.0%、87.0%,特异性分别为90.0%、90.0%、91.0%。结论应用彩色多普勒超声监测高危妊娠晚期子宫动脉和胎儿脐动脉血流参数,对于判断胎儿宫内状况具有一定的临床价值。     

彩色多普勒超声监测子宫螺旋动脉的临床意义

目的应用彩色多普勒技术及病理学方法检测子宫螺旋动脉,分析子宫螺旋动脉与胎儿窘迫的关系,为预测胎儿窘迫的发生提供一种有效手段。方法对足月正常孕妇及高危孕妇各30例应用彩色多普勒超声技术检测子宫螺旋动脉,并对结果进行记录和比较。结果①子宫螺旋动脉血流动力学参数：胎儿窘迫组较对照组PI值、RI值、S／D值增高,且有显著统计学差异（P〈0．001）。②子宫螺旋动脉组织形态学改变：胎儿窘迫组较对照组螺旋动脉管病理改变阳性率增高,有显著统计学差异（P〈0．001）。结论彩色多普勒超声技术检测子宫螺旋动脉血流可以预测胎儿窘迫的发生。     

超声监测脐动脉和大脑中动脉PI、RI、S/D和主动脉ISI、IFI与胎儿生长受限的关系及对不良围产结局的预测

目的 探讨超声监测脐动脉和大脑中动脉搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）、收缩期与舒张期流速比（S/D）和主动脉峡部收缩指数（ISI）、峡部血流指数（IFI）与胎儿生长受限（FGR）的关系及对不良围产结局的预测价值。方法 选择120例孕晚期孕妇，年龄21～41岁，平均年龄27.20岁（标准差5.19岁）；孕周32～41周，平均孕周35.33周（标准差1.69周）；产次1～3次，平均产次1.41次（标准差0.29次）；高血压54例，糖尿病62例。将超声确诊为FGR的孕妇作为研究组（n=58），宫内胎儿正常发育孕妇作为对照组（n=62）。应用彩色多普勒超声监测子宫动脉、脐动脉及主动脉峡部血流参数。统计两组孕妇的妊娠结局。根据不同妊娠结局再次将研究组分为正常结局组和异常结局组，比较两组大脑中动脉、脐动脉及主动脉血流参数，并分析以上血流参数与新生儿体质量及新生儿Apgar评分的相关性。运用受试者工作特性（ROC）曲线分析血流参数对不良围产结局的预测价值。结果 研究组脐动脉参数PI、RI及S/D值均较对照组明显偏高（1.23±0.15 vs 0.71±0.11、0.89±0.14 vs 0.52±...     

妊娠高血压晚期的血流频谱和围产期胎儿情况及血流阻力对孕妇妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠高血压(HDCP)晚期的血流频谱和围产期胎儿情况及血流阻力对孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2017年5至2019年6月在成都市双流区妇幼保健院收治的具有完整产检信息的50例妊娠晚期HDCP孕妇(观察组),年龄22～35岁,平均年龄29.2岁;体质量指数(BMI)29.3～36.5 kg/m~2,平均BMI 33.5 kg/m~2;舒张压13.1～14.7 kPa(98.5～110.4 mmHg),收缩压19.7～20.4 kPa(148.1～153.7 mmHg);孕周34～39周,平均孕周37.8周;20例妊娠期高血压,14例子痫前期,8例子痫,5例慢性高血压并发子痫前期,3例妊娠合并慢性高血压。以同期50例正常健康孕妇作为对照组,年龄23～36岁,平均年龄29.7岁;BMI 28.6～36.4 kg/m~2,平均BMI 33.1 kg/m~2。收集32周产检时两组孕妇彩色多普勒超声检测子宫动脉及脐动脉的阻力指数(RI)、血流搏动指数(PI)、收缩期峰值血流速度与舒张末期血流速度的比值(S/D)数据和出生后新生儿生长指标。比较两组孕妇子宫动脉及脐动脉血流阻力指标变化和出生后新生儿生长指标,观察两组新生儿1 min和5 min Apgar评分及妊娠结局。结果观察组子宫动脉及脐动脉多普勒血流频谱RI、PI、S/D指标均明显高于对照组(子宫动脉RI:0.60±0.21 vs 0.48±0.18;PI:1.22±0.31 vs 0.78±0.28;S/D:3.32±0.42 vs 2.78±0.38。脐动脉RI:0.71±0.18 vs 0.52±0.09;PI:1.30±0.28 vs 0.69±0.19;S/D:4.12±0.37 vs 2.80±0.27)。观察组胎儿生长发育受限,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。观察组新生儿1 min Apgar评分7分比例和5 min Apgar评分7分比例均高于对照组(46%vs 10%,24%vs 4%),差异有显著统计学意义(P 0.01)。观察组中子宫动脉和脐动脉高RI组孕周均明显短于低RI组;子宫动脉和脐动脉高RI组产后住院时间均明显长于低RI组[子宫动脉,(12±4) d vs (8±3) d。脐动脉,(11±5) d vs (7±4) d];子宫动脉和脐动脉高RI组行剖宫产的比例均明显多于低RI组(子宫动脉,51.4%vs 20.0%;脐动脉,54.1%vs 30.8%),差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论子宫动脉多普勒血流频谱指标对预测HDCP孕妇妊娠结局具有一定的临床应用价值。     

基于超声监测母体-胎盘循环相关指标的妊娠高血压早期筛查预测模型的构建与验证

目的 基于多普勒超声监测妊娠高血压(HDCP)母体-胎盘循环相关指标并建立预测模型和进行验证。方法 选择120例HDCP孕妇(研究组)，年龄20～44岁，平均年龄30.17岁；孕周11～13⁺⁶周，平均孕周12.14周；孕次1～5次，平均孕次2.32次；产次0～4次，平均产次1.75次。根据HDCP严重程度，研究组可细分为妊娠期高血压组46例、子痫前期组40例和重度子痫前期组34例。选择同期60例健康孕妇(对照组)，年龄20～42岁，平均年龄29.52岁；孕周11～13⁺⁶周，平均孕周12.25周；孕次1～4次，平均孕次2.40次；产次0～3次，平均产次1.71次。所有研究对象在孕11～13⁺⁶周进行超声检查，记录子宫动脉和子宫螺旋动脉的血流参数。采用Logitic回归分析探究HDCP的独立危险因素并建立预测模型，采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线判定预测模型的预测价值。再次纳入200例孕妇对模型的预测价值进行验证。结果 研究组子宫动脉血流博动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速(S/D)值和双侧切...     

子痫前期孕妇肾动脉血流参数变化的彩超论断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像检测子痫前期孕妇肾动脉血流参数变化的意义。方法本研究随机选取100例正常妊娠妇女为对照组,选取经临床确诊的116例子痫前期患者为研究对象,按病情分为轻度子痫前期60例,重度子痫前期56例。应用彩色多普勒超声检测各组孕妇肾门处肾动脉主干及肾叶间动脉（IRA）收缩期峰值流速（Vs）、舒张末期最低流速（Vd）、上升加速度（AC）、阻力指数（RI）。结果与对照组及轻度子痫前期组比较,重度子痫前期组肾门处及肾内叶间动脉血流参数Vs、RI、AC均明显升高（P〈0．01）,Vd明显下降（P〈0．05）,差异均有统计学意义;而轻度子痫前期组与对照组比较,其肾门处及肾内叶间动脉各项血流参数均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论随着病情严重程度的增加,重度子痫前期患者肾门处及肾内叶间动脉收缩期流速明显升高,阻力增大,而舒张期流速明显减低,彩色多普勒超声无创、可重复性好,能较准确检测子痫前期患者肾动脉血流动力学变化,有较好的临床应用价值。     

妊娠中期脐动脉超声血流参数及血清PSG1对子痫前期的二级预防价值

目的 评价孕中期脐动脉超声血流参数及血清妊娠特异性β1糖蛋白-1(PSG1)对子痫前期的预测价值。方法 收集2020年6月至2021年8月于本院住院的110例孕妇资料及孕中期血清PSG1检测结果,其中重度子痫前期27例、轻度子痫前期31例、正常对照组孕妇52例。比较三组孕中期各脐动脉超声血流参数及血清PSG1水平,运用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述指标对子痫前期的预测诊断价值。结果 孕中期时孕妇脐动脉血流搏动指数(PI)、血流阻力指数(RI)、脐动脉收缩期最大流速与舒张末期血流速度比(S/D)水平,重度子痫前期组显著高于轻度子痫前期组,同时轻度子痫前期组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。孕中期血清PSG1水平中,重度子痫前期组显著低于轻度子痫前期组,同时轻度子痫前期组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。孕中期脐动脉血流参数及血清PSG1对子痫前期均有一定的预测价值,其中PI、RI、S/D、PSG1预测子痫前期的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.630、0.710、0.670、0.710。通过联合PI、RI、S/D、PSG1指标对子痫前期的预测价值最高,其ROC曲线下面积为0.835...     

超声检测足月妊娠孕妇左侧卧位时下腔静脉及子宫-胎盘血流的变化

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检测足月妊娠孕妇左侧卧位下腔静脉、子宫动脉及胎儿脐动脉的血流动力学变化。方法:回顾分析2014年1月—2019年10月在东南大学医学院附属江阴医院就诊的73例单胎足月妊娠孕妇的超声资料。孕妇年龄20～42(29.34±5.16)岁,孕周37～40.3(39.1±1.0)周。孕妇均采用彩色多普勒超...     

妊娠前体质指数和胎次对妊娠糖尿病发病的影响

目的：探讨妊娠前体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、胎次与妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)发病的关系,并探讨其对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响。方法：本研究选择我院2014年2月至2014年12月接受孕产期检查、临床资料完整的且患有妊娠糖尿病的孕妇262名,对其采取葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT实验),按照WTO标准,对262例足月妊娠初产妇女在孕24~28周常规进行75 g口服糖耐量试验,并完整记录年龄、孕周、文化程度、妊娠前体质指数及胎次等临床资料。根据妊娠前体质指数(BMI)将孕妇分为BMI分为4组,BMI<18.5 kg/m2者为偏瘦组,BMI 18.5~23.0 kg/m2者为正常体质量组,BMI 23.1~25.0 kg/m2者为超重组,BMI>25.0 kg/m2为肥胖组,采用SPSS l8.0统计软件对资料进行描述性分析、两样本t检验、非条件Logistic回归分析两组孕妇妊娠前体质指数(BMI)、胎次与妊娠糖尿病的关系。结果：4组OGTT结果显示妊娠前超重或肥胖的孕妇发生妊娠糖尿病的风险高于正常和偏瘦体质量组;非条件logistic回归分析结果表明,影响GDM的因素依次为：胎次、体质指数、年龄、文化程度,各影响因素回归系数分别为：2.372、     

The uterine capacity measured by the total twin birth weight and duration of twin pregnancy

The objective of this study was to answer the question whether there is the relation between the uterine capacity, estimated by the total birth weight of fetuses, and the duration of twin gestation. The material for researches contains data received from the books of births and case records concerning the pregnant who gave births to twins in the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical University in Lód? between 1970-1998. The final analysis concerned only gestations lasting more than 29 weeks, without any complications (excluding prematurity and the growth-discordant twins), and when gestational age was exactly known. The selected group was finally composed of 188 pairs of twins. The analyses considered relations between total birth weight of twins, the sex of newborn babies, parity, and the duration of gestation. The duration of the analyzed twin pregnancies was 35.6 weeks, including primiparous with 35.8 weeks, and multiparous--35.1 weeks. In the group of male-male twin pairs the average duration of pregnancy was 35.7 weeks, in unlike-sexed pairs--35.6 weeks, and in female-female pairs--35.5. In the group of the primiparous having male-male twin pairs the average duration of pregnancy was 35.1 weeks, unlike-sexed pairs--36.4 weeks and female female pairs--36.6 weeks, while in the group of multiparous relatively: 36.4, 35.4, 35.0 weeks. The total birth weight of the specific pairs of twins was from 2270 g to 6900 g (average 4794 g), while in 92% < 5500 g. In the primiparous group it was 4908.1 g. and in the multiparous group--4663.1 g. Analyzing the total twins' weight according to the fetal gender and parity it was found that in primiparous with male-male twins--4715.3, unlike-sexed--5271.6 and female-female--4967.5, whereas in multiparous relatively: 4961.5, 4692.6, 4414.0. The shortening of twin pregnancies was caused by the following factors: total body mass achieved by fetuses was > 5500 g, presence of male sex in twin pregnancies (only in primiparous), and also the multiparity.     

Reproductive experience alters corticosterone and CBG levels in the rat dam

Reproductive experience has significant effects on the brain, behavior and hormone profiles of the mother. Recent work has demonstrated that primiparous rats exhibit decreased dendritic arborizations in the hippocampus, and enhanced hippocampus-dependent spatial memory performance at the time of weaning compared to nulliparous and, to a lesser degree, multiparous rats. Interestingly, enhanced spatial learning and reduced dendritic arbors are seen in nulliparous female rats exposed to chronic stress or repeated corticosterone administration. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that corticosterone may be altered in primiparous rats compared to multiparous and nulliparous rats. The present study investigated whether the levels of circulating corticosterone and its binding protein, corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), are altered with reproductive experience and pup-exposure during late pregnancy and the postpartum. Total serum corticosterone and CBG were assayed from five groups; multiparous, primiparous, nulliparous, primip-no-pups, and sensitized rats during gestation (days 14 and 19) and the postpartum period (days 1, 5, 14, 21, and 35). Results show that primiparous rats had significantly elevated total corticosterone on postpartum day 1. In addition, primiparous and multiparous rats had significantly lower CBG throughout the postpartum period than all other groups, with primiparous rats exhibiting lower levels than multiparous rats during mid-lactation. These data suggest that free corticosterone is elevated in both primiparous and multiparous dams and is elevated to a greater degree in primiparous compared to multiparous dams during lactation. Corticosterone and CBG levels were positively correlated with specific maternal behaviors during the first week postpartum in parturient rats, but not in sensitized rats, suggesting a role for corticosterone in the modulation of maternal behavior in parturient rats alone.     

The effect of parity on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies at the age of 40 and above: a retrospective study

AimTo examine the characteristics of pregnancies at a very advanced age and the effect of parity on adverse obstetric outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of women who gave birth at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital between January 2012 and December 2019. Overall, 22 448 of women were younger than 40 and 593 were aged 40 and older. Women aged 40 and older were divided into the primiparous (52 or 8.77%) and multiparous group (541 or 91.23%).ResultsSignificantly more women aged 40 and older had a cesarean section. The most common indications for a secondary cesarean delivery in both age groups were a previous cesarean procedure or uterine operation. The most frequent indication for primary cesarean section in both groups was fetal distress. Cesarean section rates due to non-progressive labor, fetal distress, and preeclampsia were significantly more frequent in primiparous women compared with multiparous women aged 40 and older. In primiparous women, fetal birth weight was lower and preeclampsia/gestational hypertension frequency were higher.ConclusionSince primiparity was a risk factor for lower fetal birth weight and preeclampsia/gestational hypertension in the age group of 40 years and above, more attention should be paid to the follow-up and treatment of these patients.

Due to social and economic problems, career priority, and prolonged education, an increasing number of women choose to give birth at an advanced age. Their choice is facilitated by the availability and efficacy of contraceptive methods and assisted reproductive technology (ART) (1). Still, the rate of nulliparity at advanced age increases, while the parity rate decreases (2).The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) uses the term “advanced maternal age” for pregnancies at the age of 35 and over, and the term “very advanced maternal age” for pregnancies at the age 40 and over. In these pregnancies, chronic diseases and medical problems are more common and these women constitute a high-risk patient group (3).Most studies have shown that the advanced maternal age increases the risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum hemorrhage, premature birth, cesarean procedure, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal mortality (4,5). However, studies comparing the outcomes in primiparous and multiparous women pregnant at an advanced maternal age are scarce, and the evidence for some of the outcomes is conflicting. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the characteristics of pregnancies at a very advanced maternal age and to assess the effect of parity on negative obstetric outcomes.     

Decreased fertility among HIV-1-infected women attending antenatal clinics in three African cities

Population HIV prevalence estimates rely heavily on sentinel surveillance in antenatal clinics (ANCs), but because HIV reduces fertility, these estimates are biased. To aid interpretation of such data, we estimated HIV-associated fertility reduction among pregnant women in ANCs in Yaoundé (Cameroon), Kisumu (Kenya), and Ndola (Zambia). Data collection followed existing HIV sentinel surveillance procedures as far as possible. HIV prevalence among the women was 5.5% in Yaoundé, 30.6% in Kisumu, and 27.3% in Ndola. The birth interval was prolonged in HIV-positive multiparous women compared with HIV-negative multiparous women in all three sites: adjusted hazard ratios of pregnancy were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-1.1) in Yaoundé, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.96) in Kisumu, and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61-0.90) in Ndola, implying estimated reductions in the risk of pregnancy in HIV-positive women of between 16% and 26%. For primiparous women, the interval between sexual debut and birth was longer in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women in all sites, although the association was lost in Ndola after adjusting for age and other factors. Consistent results in different study sites help in the development of standard methods for improving ANC-based surveillance estimates of HIV prevalence. These may be easier to devise for multiparous women than for primiparous women.     

基于盆底超声分析分娩方式对初产妇产后早期盆底结构的影响

目的 探讨应用盆底超声检查分析不同分娩方式对初产妇产后早期盆底结构的影响。方法 回顾性队列研究。选取2020年4—10月安徽理工大学第一附属医院妇产科门诊就诊的初产妇175例,年龄20~35 (26.8±2.8)岁,均为足月、单胎,产后6~8周。根据分娩方式不同分为两组,其中经阴道分娩组102例、剖宫产组73例。采用盆底超声测量所有产妇静息和Valsalva状态下膀胱逼尿肌厚度、膀胱颈与耻骨联合间的距离、膀胱后角、膀胱颈移动度、尿道旋转角、肛直角、肛提肌平均厚度和肛提肌裂孔面积指标。(1)比较两组产妇的年龄、孕期增长体质量、孕周及新生儿体质量的差异;(2)比较两组产妇盆底受损情况;(3)比较静息和Valsalva状态下两组超声测量指标的差异;(4)比较经阴道分娩组不同盆底功能障碍疾病Valsalva状态下的超声测量指标。结果 (1)两组患者的年龄、孕期增长体质量、孕周及新生儿体质量比较,差值均无统计学差异(P值均＞0.05)。(2)盆底受损情况:阴道分娩组与剖宫产组患者产后子宫脱垂分别为34例(33.3%)和9例(12.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.129, P＜0.05),压力性尿失禁、尿道漏斗形成、膀胱膨出和直肠膨出差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。(3)静息状态下,阴道分娩组膀胱后角、肛直角和肛提肌裂孔面积均大于剖宫产组,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.211、2.658、2.835,P值均＜0.05);Valsalva状态下,阴道分娩组膀胱颈与耻骨联合的距离明显小于剖宫产组,分别为(-8.2±7.9)mm和(6.3±7.0)mm,而膀胱颈移动度、膀胱后角、尿道旋转角和肛提肌裂孔面积均大于剖宫产组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。(4)子宫脱垂患者的肛提肌裂孔面积、膀胱颈移动度和尿道旋转角大于Ⅱ型膀胱膨出和尿道漏斗形成患者,而尿道漏斗形成的患者膀胱后角最大,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。结论 盆底超声清楚地显示产后早期女性盆底结构的变化,阴道分娩者较剖宫产分娩者的盆底损伤严重。     

The relationship between aldosterone to renin ratio and RI value of the uterine artery in the preeclamptic patient vs. normal pregnancy

PURPOSE: Plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone are increased during normal pregnancy. However, these values in preeclampsia are decreased to nearly that of a nonpregnant subject, and vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II is increased. In preeclampsia, aldosterone is decreased less than rennin. Therefore current studies were undertaken to determine the relationship between aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) and uterine artery perfusion via RI value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the relationship between plasma aldosterone and renin concentration was determined in 27 preeclamptic women and 50 normal pregnant women, whose gestational weeks were matched. The aldosterone to renin ratio was calculated and compared between the two groups. Doppler velocimetry of the uterine artery, which was used to calculate resistance index (RI), was performed on all subjects. The relationship between ARR and RI value was reviewed. RESULTS: In the preeclampsia group, RI value of the uterine artery was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women. Both plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations were lower in the preeclampsia group. However, the ratio of these two parameters was significantly higher (38.3 vs. 16.1, p < 0.001); the greater ARR, the higher the RI of the uterine artery (r2 = 0.053, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a high aldosterone to renin ratio may have a negative effect on perfusion of the uterine artery and play an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.     

A Study of Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies in Multiparous Women Having Had At Least Four Pregnancies

The study of anti-HL-A immunization was carried out on 26 sera taken from multiparous women who had had at least 4 pregnancies and who had never been transfused. In 20 of these cases, it was possible to define the HL-A phenotype of the husband and wife. As many well-defined sera were detected in multiparous women as in primiparous women. However, persistence of antibodies from one pregnancy to another can make the sera of the multiparous women more polyspecific than the sera of the primiparous women. One cross-reaction was described between the W14, HL-A5 and W5 antigens, and the cross-reaction between the HL-A7 and HL-A8 antigens was confirmed.     

正常妊娠和子痫前期患者孕早中期子宫动脉搏动指数的变化

目的研究孕早中期正常妊娠和子痫前期患者胎盘血流灌注情况。方法选择2008年2月至2010年8月在我院行产前检查的2000例孕妇作为研究对象。在孕11-14周和孕22-24周采用彩色多普勒超声检测子宫动脉搏动指数,根据其妊娠结局分为正常妊娠组、子痫前期组、妊娠期高血压组。结果正常妊娠组、妊娠期高血压组及子痫前期组子宫动脉搏动指数在妊娠中期均低于妊娠早期。子痫前期组孕11-14w、孕22-24w时子宫动脉PI明显高于正常妊娠组和妊娠期高血压组,而妊娠期高血压组与正常妊娠组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论正常妊娠时,随妊娠进展,子宫动脉搏动指数逐渐减低,反应子宫胎盘血流供应逐渐增加;子痫前期患者在孕早期已存在子宫胎盘血流供应障碍,导致胎盘出现缺血缺氧。子痫前期患者子宫动脉PI的改变在临床诊断之前出现,对于早期预测子痫前期的发生具有重要意义。