慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血浆抗菌肽LL-37水平的研究

目的COPD是一种发病率和病死率较高的重要疾病,近年来在疾病严重程度评估方面也提出了新的标准,本研究的目的在于探讨COPD患者疾病严重程度与血浆抗菌肽LL-37水平的关系。方法研究对象为2012年10月至2013年4月北京医院就诊的COPD患者和同期健康体检者。根据COPD的疾病严重程度,将患者分为低风险组和高风险组。应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测各组血浆中LL-37水平。比较各组间LL～37水平的差异,并探讨LL-37水平与疾病严重程度评价指标之间的关系。结果共纳入COPD患者44例和同期健康体检者20例。根据疾病严重程度,将COPD患者分为低风险组22例和高风险组22例。对照组、低风险组、高风险组的血浆LL37水平分别为（19．8±4．8）μg／L（19．9±4．3）μg/L、（16．1±3．6）μg／L,各组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=5．611,P=0．006）。对照组血浆LL-37水平与低风险组比较,差异无统计学意义（平均差值-0．08,95％CI-2．53～2．71,P=0．947）。高风险组血浆LL-37水平明显低于对照组（平均差值-3．69,95％CI6．31～1．07,P=0．007）和低风险组（平均差值-3．78,95％CI6．33～1．22,P=0．004）,差异有统计学意义。COPD患者血浆LL-37水平与FEV1、FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC之间均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0．450、0．532、0．515,P值分别为0．006、0．001、0．012。COPD患者血浆LL-37水平与改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数之间呈显著负相关（r=-0．347,P=0．033）。结论COPD患者血浆中的LL-37水平与病情严重程度,尤其是呼吸困难症状和气道阻塞程度相关。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与支气管哮喘患者血浆抗菌肽LL-37水平的比较

目的比较慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)与支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者血浆中LL-37水平的异同,以期对COPD的鉴别诊断有所帮助.方法研究对象为2016年5月至2017年4月于北京医院就诊的COPD、哮喘患者和同期健康体检者.根据2014年COPD全球策略的病情严重程度评估标准,将纳入的COPD患者分为(A+B)组和(C+D)组2个亚组.检测各组血浆中LL-37水平,比较各组间LL-37水平的差异,并探讨LL-37水平与肺功能等指标之间的关系.结果共纳入COPD组患者129例,其中(A+B)组69例,(C+D)组60例;哮喘组患者60例;健康体检者60例(对照组).对照组、哮喘组、COPD组的血浆LL-37水平分别为(19.7±4.8)μg/L、(18.7±4.5)μg/L、(17.8±4.2)μg/L,各组间比较差异无统计学意义.(C+D)组血浆LL-37水平[(15.2±2.6)μg/L]明显低于哮喘组[(18.7±4.5)μg/L]、对照组[(19.7±4.8)μg/L]和(A+B)组[(20.1±4.0)μg/L](F=6.422,P<0.001).COPD患者血浆LL-37水平与第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1%pred之间均呈显著正相关(r=0.488、0.554,P=0.005、0.001),与改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表呼吸困难指数之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.397,P=0.022).结论急性加重风险较高的COPD患者血浆中的LL-37水平明显低于哮喘患者和健康人.     

老年COPD患者并发肺部真菌感染危险因素分析

目的探索老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者并发肺部真菌感染的危险因素。方法选取145例老年COPD患者,以并发肺部真菌感染85例为观察组,未并发肺部真菌感染60例为对照组,收集整理两组患者的临床资料,对比分析组间差异;同时行真菌培养及鉴定,统计感染真菌的分布情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组住院时间、吸烟史、抗菌药物使用时间显著增加,血清白蛋白水平显著降低,同时糖皮质激素使用时间≥2周,并发糖尿病、呼吸衰竭、行机械通气的例数显著增加,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素回归分析发现,抗菌药物、糖皮质激素的长期使用、低白蛋白血症、并发糖尿病及呼吸衰竭、实施机械通气均是导致老年COPD患者并发肺部真菌感染的高危因素(P0.05)。真菌感染以假丝酵母菌属为主,其中白色假丝酵母菌检出率最高。结论对于COPD治疗,应合理使用抗菌药物及糖皮质激素,尽量避免侵入性机械通气,同时重视相应并发症的治疗,从而有效避免继发肺部真菌感染。     

Effect of low protein intake on acute exacerbations in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the 2007–2012 KNHANES

BackgroundSeveral researchers have reported that the amount of protein intake is associated with lung function and airflow obstruction. However, few studies have investigated the effect of low protein intake on acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of low protein intake on exacerbations in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsWe used data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2007 and 2012, linked to the National Health Insurance claims data. The clinical outcomes and the rate of exacerbation were retrospectively compared between the low protein intake group and the non-low protein intake group which was stratified by quartile categories of protein intake in 2,069 patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ResultsThe low protein intake group was significantly associated with older age, women, never smoker, low household income, and low education level, compared with the non-low protein intake group. The low protein intake group was significantly associated with increased hospitalization (18.0% vs. 10.5%, P<0.001) and emergency department utilization (1.6±1.0 vs. 1.1±0.4, P=0.033) compared with the non-low protein intake group. In multivariate analysis, the low protein intake group was associated with hospitalization (odds ratio 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09–1.96; P=0.012). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the amount of protein intake was associated with FVC % predicted (β=0.048, P<0.001) and FEV_1% predicted (β=0.022, P=0.015).ConclusionsLow protein intake was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The data are available at the KNHANES website (https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr).     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病频发加重表型患者危险因素分析

目的 分析导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病频发急性加重表型患者,频发加重的可能危险因素.方法收集2016年01月至2017年01月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院崇明分院呼吸科住院患者中被诊断为慢阻肺急性加重期的患者,根据患者急性加重发作频率,纳入51例频发急性加重表型患者并随访1年,观察1年内再次频发加重的患者比例及临床特征,采...     

音乐疗法在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸康复中的研究进展

呼吸康复对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者是A级推荐.以音乐疗法辅助慢阻肺患者呼吸康复,是补充现有康复内容并帮助其发挥作用的新方向.该疗法对于慢阻肺患者缓解呼吸困难症状,提高体力水平,改善心肺功能及呼吸肌肌力,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高康复依从性,以及减轻经济负担、节约医疗资源方面有较好的作用.该文主要综述音乐疗法在...     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道黏蛋白修饰性基因表达的改变

目的　了解老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)气道黏液特性改变的分子基础。方法　采用原位杂交技术检测老年正常肺组织和老年COPD患者肺组织中对黏蛋白分别起糖基化和硫酸化修饰作用的β 1 ,4半乳糖苷转移酶和N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖 6 0 硫转移酶的转录水平。结果　老年COPD患者肺组织中上述糖转移酶和硫转移酶转录水平较正常肺组织明显升高 ,在缓解期已分别升高了约 4倍和 3 5倍 ,而在急性发作期则约升高 6倍和 5倍。结论　COPD肺组织中糖转移酶和硫转移酶转录水平的升高是患者气道高分泌黏液糖基化程度和硫酸化程度升高的重要分子基础     

血白蛋白与球蛋白比值对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者预后评估的价值

目的探讨血白蛋白与球蛋白比值(AGR)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后评估的价值。方法回顾性分析2016-01~2018-05于该院呼吸与危重症医学科以AECOPD为第一诊断入院的126例患者的临床资料,采用ROC曲线法获取AGR对预后结局的最佳截断值,并以此将研究对象分为高AGR组(AGR≥1.295)76例,低AGR组(AGR<1.295)50例。对两组的临床资料、实验室资料及预后情况进行比较。结果高AGR组与低AGR组在性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史和痰培养情况方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高AGR组的CRP、IL-6、PCT、合并感染人数、住院时间、出院1年内因急性加重需再次入院治疗人数及死亡人数低于低AGR组,BMI、FEV1%高于低AGR组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,AECOPD患者的AGR水平与CRP、IL-6、PCT、住院时间呈负相关,与BMI、FEV1%呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论血AGR能够对AECOPD患者的预后结局进行预测,且有助于评估患者肺功能情况,为指导临床治疗提供了良好的参考指标。     

Association of serum vitamin D levels with disease severity,systemic inflammation,prior lung function loss and exacerbations in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been associated with chronic disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the relationships with inflammation, exacerbations and disease progression remain unclear.MethodsIn this monocentric cross-sectional observational study we analyzed the disease status, systemic inflammation, prior exacerbation frequency and loss in lung function in relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in a cohort of 94 patients with COPD. Serum 25-OHD, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were quantified. Exacerbation frequencies and sunlight exposure were assessed. These parameters were analyzed in correlation to the current forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), the individual average 3-year FEV₁ decline and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage.ResultsWe observed fair correlation between serum 25-OHD and the current FEV₁ (r=0.38, P<0.001). Furthermore, mean serum 25-OHD was significantly altered between patients of GOLD stages I–IV (P=0.013). There was weak negative correlation of 25-OHD and the average annual change of the FEV₁ (r=−0.26, P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed fair negative correlation between 25-OHD and C-reactive protein (r=−0.32, P<0.01) as well as weak negative correlation with interleukin-6 (r=−0.23, P<0.05). While the exacerbation frequency significantly differed between GOLD stages (P=0.04), there was no direct association between exacerbations and 25-OHD levels.ConclusionOur data confirm frequent vitamin D deficiency in COPD and point out correlations between 25-OHD levels, systemic inflammation, disease severity and progression.     

The paradoxical response to short-acting bronchodilator administration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundThere are a few studies about paradoxical bronchodilator response (BDR), which means a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) or forced vital capacity (FVC) after short-acting bronchodilator administration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the effect of paradoxical BDR on the clinical outcomes of COPD patients in South Korea.MethodsWe analyzed the KOrea COpd Subgroup Study team (KOCOSS) cohort data in South Korea between January 2012 and December 2017. BDR was defined as at least a 12% and 200-mL reduction in FEV₁ or FVC after bronchodilator administration.ResultsA total of 1,991 patients were included in this study. A paradoxical BDR was noted in 57 (2.9%) patients and was independently associated with worse dyspnea and poor quality of life. High C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with a paradoxical BDR (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09; P=0.003). However, paradoxical BDR was not associated with severe acute exacerbations. Pre-bronchodilator FEV₁ (L) showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) for predicting severe acute exacerbations than the post-bronchodilator FEV₁ (L) in the paradoxical BDR group (0.788 vs. 0.752).ConclusionA paradoxical reduction of FEV₁ or FVC after bronchodilator administration may be associated with chronic inflammation in the airway and independently associated with worse respiratory symptoms and poor quality of life.     

Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

Currently, several studies have assessed the effect of yoga training on the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but these studies involved a wide variation of sample and convey inconclusive results. Hence, the present study was performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of yoga training in COPD patients.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant studies. The primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁% predicted (% pred). Secondary outcomes included 6-min walking distance (6 MWD), arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂), and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO₂). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² test.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 233 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Yoga training significantly improved FEV₁ (WMD: 123.57 mL, 95% CI: 4.12-243, P=0.04), FEV₁% pred (WMD: 3.90%, 95% CI: 2.27-5.54, P<0.00001), and 6 MWD (WMD: 38.84 m, 95% CI: 15.52-62.16, P=0.001). However, yoga training had no significant effects on PaO₂ (WMD: 1.29 mmHg, 95% CI: –1.21-3.78, P=0.31) and PaCO₂ (WMD: –0.76 mmHg, 95% CI: –2.06-0.53, P=0.25).

Conclusions

The current limited evidence suggested that yoga training has a positive effect on improving lung function and exercise capacity and could be used as an adjunct pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD patients. However, further studies are needed to substantiate our preliminary findings and to investigate the long-term effects of yoga training.     

Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis

Background

A number of polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (GC) gene have been implicated in risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the results were controversial. GC1F, GC1S, and GC2 are three common variants of the VDBP gene [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs7041 and rs4588], which were reported to be associated with COPD. This study aimed to explore the association between VDBP gene polymorphisms and COPD.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science (Medline) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for eligible case-control studies. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS). After the most appreciated genetic model was identified, a meta-analysis was performed to test the association between VDBP gene polymorphism and COPD. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were performed respectively for the most appreciated genetic model, single allele comparison and homozygous gene model analysis. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) analyses were applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of polymorphism of VDBP to COPD.

Results

Eight studies containing 2,216 participants were included. The analyses of the most appropriate genetic models offered significant results in recessive model of GC1F/1S group (OR =2.18), co-dominant genetic model in GC1F/2 group (1F-1F vs. 2-2: OR =4.87; 1F-2 vs. 2-2: OR =1.73; 1F-1F vs. 1F-2: OR =2.27). In single allele comparison, significant results were obtained in GC1F vs. GC1S and GC1F vs. GC2, with ORs were 1.47 and 1.77, respectively. In homozygous genes comparison, the OR was 2.51 in GC1F homozygote vs. other genotypes. Subgroup analyses offered the same significant results in Asian population, but not in Caucasian population. The SROC analyses showed the less accurate performance of polymorphism of VDBP to COPD.

Conclusions

There is a close association between COPD and GC gene polymorphisms. The GC1F allele could be a risk factor, the GC1S and GC2 allele may be protective factors in Asian, but not in Caucasians.     

COPD急性加重危险因素的研究进展

COPD是呼吸系统疾病中的常见病和多发病,患病率及病死率均居高不下,近年来研究表明COPD的患病率有所增加.而COPD急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease,AECOPD)增加了医疗卫生资源的耗用,是COPD患者医药费用的首要负担,也是COPD患者的主要死因.当下临床研究的重点是对急性加重的管理,预防AECOPD尚未引起临床工作者足够重视,如何预防和减少AECOPD的发生和发展成为降低COPD患病率和病死率及减轻COPD经济负担的研究重点.本文通过研究阅读国内外相关最新研究成果,就AECOPD危险因素作出总结、探讨,阐明AECOPD相关危险因素,更好地指导临床实践,从而为AECOPD患者提供更佳的医疗服务.     

老年COPD患者并发自发性气胸89例临床分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的特点及诊疗方法。方法对2000年至2004年我科收治的继发于老年COPD的自发性气胸89例临床资料进行分析对照。结果治愈80例(89.9%),死亡4例(4.5%)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸起病隐匿,病情进展快,常常会导致严重的心肺功能衰竭,危及生命,尽早的诊断和及时的治疗,可以大大降低死亡率。     

Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease risk with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be a potential risk factor for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to explore the association of GERD risk with exacerbations of COPD. Patients with COPD were consecutively recruited, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Reflux Diagnostic Questionnaire (RDQ) were administered. If the CAT score was 5 points higher than that taken in the stable states, the patient was considered as having exacerbations of COPD. A RDQ score of ≥12 is defined high GERD risk. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between high GERD risk and exacerbations of COPD. Among 386 patients with COPD, the mean CAT score was 18.3 ± 6.6, and 76 (19.7%) patients had exacerbations during the 1‐year follow‐up. The mean RDQ score was 10.1 ± 4.7, and 132 (34.2%) patients were identified as having high GERD risk. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the high GERD risk (odds ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–3.87) was an independent risk factor of COPD exacerbations. In conclusion, high GERD risk appears to be associated with higher odds for COPD exacerbations.     

痰液降钙素原对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的诊断价值

目的探讨痰液降钙素原（PCT）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AEcOPD）诊断中的价值。方法选择187例AECOPD患者分为感染组和非感染组,测定痰液及血清PCT、C反应蛋白、白细胞,并与20例对照组（COPD稳定期）进行比较。结果感染组痰液及血清PCT水平高于非感染组及对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,感染组痰液PCT检测阳性率90．12％（146／162）,血清PCT检测阳性率85．19％（138／162）,CRP检测阳性率83．95％（136／162）,WBC检测阳性率86．42％（140／162）,各指标阳性率间差异无统计学意义（P〉o．05）。结论痰液PCT检测亦可作为AEc0PD是否存在感染的辅助诊断指标。     

Cough in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) most commonly complain of cough, production of phlegm and breathlessness. The cough reflex sensitivity is heightened compared with that in healthy volunteers and is similar to that in subjects with asthma. The degree of airflow obstruction does not predict cough reflex sensitivity or objective cough counts, implying an independent process. Objective cough rates seem to be relatively low in COPD, despite frequent reporting of the symptom by patients. The relative contribution of cough to disability in COPD seems to be small, if assessed by subjective reporting. Effective treatments for cough in COPD have not yet been identified. Improved outcome measures of cough, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cough, and the importance of cough to patients is required to progress in this field.     

Therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without effective drugs to treat. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to evaluate whether PH specific therapies were effective for stable COPD patients. Data were extracted from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with PH specific therapy treated more than 4 weeks in COPD were selected. The main outcome was exercise capacity; meanwhile pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), hypoxemia and health related life quality were also measured. We included nine trials involving 365 subjects, among which two were treated with bosentan and seven with sildenafil. The study time varied from 4 weeks to 18 months and mostly it was 12 weeks. In a pooled analysis of nine trials, exercise capacity of COPD patients was improved by PH-specific therapy [mean difference (MD) 66.39 m, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 59.44-73.34]. COPD with severe PH (mean PAP >35 mmHg by right heart catheterization or systolic PAP >50 mmHg by echocardiography) improved the exercise capacity (MD 67.24 m, 95% CI: 60.26-74.23), but COPD without PH at rest did not (MD −9.24 m, 95% CI: −75.08 to 56.31). Meanwhile PAP was decreased (MD −9.02 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.71 to −7.34 mmHg). Although hypoxemia and life quality were not improved, the dyspnea was alleviated or at least not aggravated (Borg dyspnea index, MD −0.86, 95% CI: −1.86 to 0.14). In conclusion, PH specific drugs (especially sildenafil) could improve exercise capacity and decrease PAP in COPD patients with severe PH.     

A pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)

The effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on 44 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared to a control group. The treated group was admitted to the program for a period of three months. The program consisted of several parts, such as physical training, health education, and psychological and social matters. Before participation, the patients were thoroughly examined and provided with optimal medical treatment. Both groups were assessed by means of biometrical tests and questionnaires for a period of 2 years. The rehabilitation group improved significantly in endurance, psychological parameters, and consumption of medical care. Working days increased and their way of life became more active. Smoking habits and body fat percentage decreased. Bronchial hyperreactivity, need for pulmonary drugs, and coughing and sputum production did not improve in the rehabilitation group compared to the control group. Airway obstruction, expressed as forced expiratory volume in one second, and complaints of dyspnea, allergy and hyperreactivity scores on questionnaires improved only in the short term (<1 year), but did not improve significantly in the long term. This study shows that pulmonary rehabilitation can result in improvements in patients with asthma or COPD who have many complaints despite the fact that their pulmonary function is not severely disturbed.