舒更葡糖钠与新斯的明拮抗肾移植术患者罗库溴铵残余肌松效果的比较：大样本、回顾性研究

目的比较舒更葡糖钠与新斯的明拮抗肾移植术患者罗库溴铵残余肌松的效果。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月本院心脏死亡器官捐献肾移植术患者临床资料, 根据肌松拮抗剂使用情况分为舒更葡糖钠组(S组)及新斯的明组(N组)。记录肌松拮抗起效时间、气管拔管时间及PACU停留时间。于术前、术后第1、3、5、7天记录肌酐清除率。记录术后并发症发生情况。结果共纳入603例患者, S组278例、N组325例。与N组比较, S组肌松拮抗起效时间、气管拔管时间及PACU停留时间明显缩短, 术后24 h内低氧血症及术后7 d内新发肺部感染发生率明显降低(P<0.05), 各时点肌酐清除率比较差异无统计学意义, 术后心血管并发症、移植物并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与新斯的明相比, 舒更葡糖钠能更快速拮抗肾移植术患者罗库溴铵残余肌松, 有利于早期恢复, 且安全性较高。     

舒更葡糖钠拮抗老年患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术后残余肌松的效果

目的评价舒更葡糖钠拮抗老年患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术后残余肌松的效果。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者60例,年龄65～85岁,性别不限,BMI 20～26 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=30):舒更葡糖钠组(S组)和新斯的明组(N组)。术中静脉输注罗库溴铵0.3～0.6 mg·kg-1·h-1,采用Veryark-TOF监测仪监测肌松,维持TOF比值=0且强直刺激后计数1或2。关闭腹膜时停用罗库溴铵。术后送入PACU,待肌松监测T2出现时S组静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg,N组静脉注射新斯的明0.03 mg/kg +阿托品0.015 mg/kg。待患者意识及自主呼吸恢复后拔除气管导管。分别于麻醉前(T1)、气管拔管后5和30 min(T2,3)时,抽取动脉血样行血气分析,记录PaO2和PaCO2,并于上述时点采用超声测量膈肌吸气末厚度、呼气末厚度和膈肌运动幅度,计算膈肌厚度比率。记录T2出现时间、气管拔管时间、PACU停留时间、术后住院时间和气管拔管后30 min内肌松残余(TOF比值<0.9)、低氧血症的发生情况。记录术后7 d内肺部并发症情况...     

舒更葡糖钠对老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能的影响

目的 探讨舒更葡糖钠对老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能的影响。
方法 选择择期行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的老年患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组：舒更葡糖钠组（S组）和新斯的明+阿托品组（NA组）,每组30例。术毕进入PACU后,当四个成串刺激（TOF）计数为2时,S组给予舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg,NA组给予等容积的新斯的明0.02 mg/kg+阿托品0.01 mg/kg,当TOF比值（TOFr）≥0.9时拔除气管导管。记录手术时间、麻醉时间、术中肌松药用量、末次肌松至手术结束时间、手术结束至拔管时间、拮抗后TOFr≥0.9的时间、PACU停留时间、术后住院时间。记录术前、拔管后30 min及拔管后24 h用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）及第一秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例（FEV₁/FVC）。记录低氧血症、上呼吸道阻塞、术后肺炎、肺不张、胸腔积液、气胸等肺部并发症发生情况以及术后不良反应发生情况。
结果 两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中肌松药用量、末次肌松至手术结束时间及术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。S组手术结束至拔管时间、TOFr≥0.9的时间及PACU停留时间明显短于NA组（P＜0.05）。两组术前及拔管后30 min、24 h FVC、FEV₁及FEV₁/FVC差异无统计学意义。两组术后肺部并发症及不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。
结论 舒更葡糖钠可快速拮抗术后肌松残留,但并未改善老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能及降低术后肺部并发症发生率。     

儿童右美托咪定术前滴鼻用药对舒更葡糖钠拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的影响

目的探讨儿童右美托咪定术前滴鼻对舒更葡糖钠拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的影响。方法选取2020年4月至2020年11月择期行下腹部手术的患儿64例, 美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级, 年龄1～12岁。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为实验组和对照组(每组32例), 分别在麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定1.0 μg/kg或等容量生理盐水滴鼻。术中应用肌松监测仪四个成串刺激(TOF)模式监测肌松。术毕当肌松监测TOF T2再现时, 两组患儿均静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg。记录患儿TOF比值(TOFR)恢复到0.9的时间;记录患儿一般情况、手术时间、术毕体温、拔管时间及麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)滞留时间;记录肌松拮抗前即刻、拮抗后2 min、拮抗后5 min的脑电双频指数(BIS)、心率、收缩压、舒张压以及苏醒期皮疹、恶心、呕吐、躁动的发生情况。结果两组患儿一般情况、TOFR恢复至0.9的时间、手术时间、术毕体温差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05), 实验组患儿拔管时间和PACU滞留时间较对照组明显较长(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较, 实验组患儿肌松拮抗前即刻、拮抗后2 min BIS较低(均P&...     

舒更葡糖钠对胸腔镜肺切除术后恢复的影响

目的：探讨舒更葡糖钠对胸腔镜肺切除术后肺部并发症（PPCs）及术后恢复的影响。
方法：选择2021年11月至2023年7月接受择期胸腔镜肺段切除术或肺叶切除术的患者263例,男112例,女151例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18.5～28.0 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。将患者随机分为三组：舒更葡糖钠组（S组,n=88）、新斯的明组（N组,n=87）和对照组（C组,n=88）。患者术后被送至PACU,当四个成串刺激（TOF）计数为2时,S组静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg,N组静脉注射新斯的明0.04 mg/kg+阿托品0.02 mg/kg,C组静脉注射等容量生理盐水。记录手术结束至出院前PPCs的发生情况,记录手术结束至拔管时间、给药至四个成串刺激比值（TOFr）恢复至0.9的时间、拔管时TOFr、PACU停留时间、拔管后低氧血症（SpO₂<90%）的情况并计算拔管时肌松残余（PRNB）发生率,记录首次下床活动时间、术后48 h内镇痛泵总按压次数、有效按压次数、补救镇痛例数、临床肺部感染评分（CPIS）、术后恶心呕吐（PONV）例数、胸管总引流量、胸管留置时间和术后住院时间。
结果：与C组比较,S组PPCs发生率、拔管时PRNB和拔管后低氧血症发生率明显降低,手术结束至拔管时间、给药至TOFr恢复至0.9的时间、PACU停留时间和术后首次下床活动时间明显缩短,拔管时TOFr明显升高,CPIS评分明显降低（P<0.05）;N组手术结束至拔管时间、给药至TOFr恢复至0.9的时间、PACU停留时间明显缩短,拔管时TOFr明显升高,拔管时PRNB发生率明显降低（P<0.05）。与N组比较,S组拔管时PRNB发生率明显降低,手术结束至拔管时间、给药至TOFr恢复至0.9的时间、PACU停留时间和术后首次下床活动时间明显缩短,拔管时TOFr明显升高（P<0.05）。三组其余指标差异均无统计学意义。
结论：舒更葡糖钠在胸腔镜肺切除术后可快速拮抗残余肌松,降低PPCs和拔管时PRNB发生率,促进患者术后快速康复。     

舒更葡糖钠拮抗肥胖患者术后残余肌松的药代动力学

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠拮抗肥胖患者残余肌松的药代动力学特点。方法择期行腹腔镜减重手术肥胖患者16例, 性别不限, 年龄18～65岁, ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级, BMI≥25 kg/m2。根据肥胖程度分为2组(n=8):O组, 25 kg/m2≤BMI<40 kg/m2;M组, BMI≥40 kg/m2。2组麻醉诱导及术中维持均以闭环肌松注射系统静脉给予维库溴铵, 维持中度肌松水平。术毕停止给药, 肌松监测T2自然恢复时根据患者校正体重静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg。记录肌松恢复时间和术后3 h残余肌松发生情况;于舒更葡糖钠给药后2、3、5、10、15、20、30、60、120、240、360和480 min时收集动脉血标本, 采用超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法检测血浆舒更葡糖钠浓度, 使用PKSolver软件计算药代动力学参数。结果 2组患者均未见残余肌松的发生, 患者血浆舒更葡糖钠药代动力学均适用线性非房室模型。与O组比较, M组表观清除率增加(P<0.05), 其余药代动力学参数、肌松恢复时间和不同时点血浆舒更葡糖钠浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论舒更葡糖钠...     

舒更葡糖钠拮抗老年患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术后残余肌松的效果

目的:评价舒更葡糖钠拮抗老年患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术后残余肌松的效果。方法:择期全麻下行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者60例,年龄65～85岁,性别不限,BMI 20～26 kg/m 2,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为2组( n＝30)：舒更葡糖钠组(S组)和新斯的明组(N组)。术中静脉输注罗库溴铵...     

舒更葡糖钠对胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者术后肌松恢复的影响

目的 探讨舒更葡糖钠对全麻下胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者术后肌松恢复的影响.方法 选择全麻下行胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者96例,男61例,女35例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:新斯的明联合阿托品组(C组)和舒更葡糖钠组(S组),每组48例.两组麻醉诱导和术中全麻维持方案相同,使用四个成串...     

舒更葡糖钠用于婴幼儿日间手术拮抗罗库溴铵肌松残余的药代动力学

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠用于婴幼儿日间手术拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的药代动力学。方法腹腔镜下行日间手术的腹股沟斜疝和/或鞘膜积液患儿104例, 年龄3～36个月, 性别不限, ASA分级Ⅱ级, BMI 18.5～28.0 kg/m2。使用TOF Guard监测仪以四个成串刺激法(TOF)透皮刺激腕部尺神经监测术中神经肌肉阻滞情况。静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg、丙泊酚3 mg/kg和舒芬太尼0.5 μg/kg诱导麻醉;静脉输注丙泊酚6～8 mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉。根据患儿术后神经肌肉阻滞程度分为2组:Ⅰ组, 当TOF恢复到T2重现时, 静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg;Ⅱ组, 当强直刺激后计数为1或2时, 静脉注射舒更葡糖钠4 mg/kg。分别于给予罗库溴铵后2、10 min、手术结束即刻、给予舒更葡糖钠后2 、10 min和符合离开复苏室标准时采集静脉血标本, 采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测血浆罗库溴铵和舒更葡糖钠浓度, 采用Pheonix WinNonlin软件计算药代动力学参数。记录罗库溴铵起效时间和TOF比值恢复至90%的时间。结果舒更葡糖钠药代动力学符合混合效应非线性房...     

舒更葡糖钠不良反应的研究进展

舒更葡糖钠是一种人工合成的γ-环糊精类衍生物,可以快速拮抗非去极化肌松药所引起的神经肌肉阻滞。近年来关于舒更葡糖钠不良反应的报道越来越多,文章主要介绍舒更葡糖钠不良反应方面的研究新进展,包括最常见且最严重的不良反应,如术后肌松残余、过敏反应、凝血功能障碍、心血管作用、支气管痉挛和喉痉挛等,其他不良反应如术后恶心呕吐、肾...     

Sugammadex比新斯的明更快逆转维库溴铵所致神经肌肉阻滞的多中心随机对照研究

背景 Sugammadex是一种具有特异结构的γ-环糊精,能选择性地与肌松药结合快速逆转罗库溴铵所致的神经肌肉阻滞,并较小程度地逆转维库溴铵所致的神经肌肉阻滞.该研究中,我们对比了行择期手术的患者中sugammadex和新斯的明对逆转维库溴铵所致神经肌肉阻滞的作用.方法 年龄≥18岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级拟行择期手术的患...     

Postoperative oxygenation assessed by SpO2/FiO2 ratio and respiratory complications after reversal of neuromuscular block with Sugammadex or neostigmine: A retrospective cohort study

Study objectiveResidual neuromuscular block may lead to postoperative muscle weakness, inadequate oxygenation, and other pulmonary complications. Sugammadex may provide more rapid and effective restoration of neuromuscular function than neostigmine. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that noncardiac surgical patients given sugammadex oxygenate better during initial recovery than those given neostigmine. Secondarily, we tested the hypothesis that patients given sugammadex have fewer pulmonary complications during hospitalization.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingPostoperative recovery area of a tertiary care hospital.PatientsAdults who had non-cardiothoracic surgery and were given either neostigmine or sugammadex.InterventionsNone.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the lowest SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio in the post-anesthesia care unit. The secondary outcome was a composite of pulmonary complications.Main resultsAmong 71,457 cases, 10,708 (15%) were given sugammadex and 60,749 (85%) received neostigmine. After propensity weighting, the mean minimum SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio was 301 ± 77 (SD) in patients given sugammadex and 303 ± 71 in those given neostigmine, yielding an estimated difference in means of −3.5 (95% confidence interval: −5.3, −1.7; P = 0.0002). 4.4% of patients given sugammadex and 3.6% of patients given neostigmine had postoperative pulmonary complications (P = 0.0005, number-needed-to-be-exposed =136; 95% CI: 83, 330), with the main contributing components being new bronchospasm or exacerbation of obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionsPostoperative minimum SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio during PACU admission was similar after reversal of neuromuscular block by sugammadex and neostigmine. Reversal with sugammadex was associated with more pulmonary complications, but most were minor and of little consequence.     

A randomised controlled trial comparing sugammadex and neostigmine at different depths of neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery*

Deep neuromuscular blockade during certain surgical procedures may improve operating conditions. Sugammadex can be used to reverse deep neuromuscular blockade without waiting for spontaneous recovery. This randomised study compared recovery times from neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg^?1, using sugammadex 4 mg.kg^?1 administered at 1–2 post‐tetanic count (deep blockade) or neostigmine 50 μg.kg^?1 (plus atropine 10 μg.kg^?1) administered at the re‐appearance of the second twitch of a train‐of‐four stimulation (moderate blockade), in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The primary efficacy variable was the time from the start of sugammadex/neostigmine administration to recovery of the train‐of‐four ratio to 0.9. Patients receiving sugammadex recovered 3.4 times faster than patients receiving neostigmine (geometric mean (95% CI) recovery times of 2.4 (2.1–2.7) and 8.4 (7.2–9.8) min, respectively, p < 0.0001). Moreover, 94% (62/66) of sugammadex‐treated patients recovered within 5 min, vs 20% (13/65) of neostigmine‐treated patients, despite the difference in the depth of neuromuscular blockade at the time of administration of both drugs. The ability to provide deep neuromuscular blockade throughout the procedure but still permit reversal at the end of surgery may enable improved surgical access and an enhanced visual field.     

Use of sugammadex in patients with a history of pulmonary disease

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients with pulmonary disease.DesignPhase III, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group, comparative, safety-assessor blinded study.SettingNine hospital sites.Patients77 ASA physical status 2 and 3 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, with a history of pulmonary disease, and scheduled for surgery with general anesthesia requiring neuromuscular blockade.InterventionsFollowing anesthesia induction, patients received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg with 0.15 mg/kg maintenance doses as needed. Patients were randomized to receive sugammadex 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg after the last rocuronium dose at reappearance of the second twitch.MeasurementsSafety evaluations included adverse events, laboratory parameters, vital signs, and evidence of recurrent or residual neuromuscular blockade. Efficacy was evaluated as the time from sugammadex administration to recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio to ≥ 0.9.Main ResultsSafety was comparable between doses, with no evidence of residual or recurrent neuromuscular blockade. Two bronchospasm cases were reported (4 mg/kg group), both in patients with asthma who received desflurane for anesthesia maintenance. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) times to a TOF ratio of ≥ 0.9 were 2.1 (1.7 - 3.1) min (2 mg/kg) and 1.8 (1.5 - 2.7) min (4 mg/kg).ConclusionSugammadex 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg were well tolerated and effective in patients with a history of pulmonary disease. Bronchospasm is a possibility when administering sugammadex to patients with underlying pulmonary disease.     

The effect of sugammadex on steroid hormones: A randomized clinical study

Study objectiveSugammadex is an alternative drug to traditional decurarization by cholinesterase inhibitors. It has been examined the effect of sugammadex on steroid hormones in this study.DesignRandomized clinical trial.SettingThe study was conducted in a University Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to May 2014.PatientsFifty male patients between 18 and 45 years of age with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I or II undergoing elective lower extremity surgery were included in this study.InterventionsPatients were categorized into two groups (neostigmin group, Group N; and sugammadex group, Group S). In addition to standard monitorization, train-of-four (TOF) was also used to monitorize the level of neuromuscular blockade. Standard induction and maintenance of anesthesia were performed. At the termination of surgery, neuromuscular blockade was antagonized using 0.05 mg/kg of neostigmine and 0.01 mg/kg of atropin when spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular blockade occurred with the reappearance of T2 in Group N and using 4 mg/kg sugammadex in Group S.MeasurementsThe primary outcome in this study was to determine serum aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and free testosterone levels. Three blood samples were obtained in each patient just before and 15 minutes and 4 hours after antagonism,Main resultsNo significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the groups. While there were no differences in serum progesterone levels, patients in neostigmin group had significantly higher cortisol levels at 15 minutes as compared to baseline. Also, patients in sugammadex group had significantly higher serum aldosterone and testosterone levels 15 minutes after antagonism as compared to those in the neostigmine group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that sugammadex is not associated with adverse effects on steroid hormones progesterone and cortisol, while it may lead to a temporary increase in aldosterone and testosterone.     

Effects of anticholinergics on postoperative vomiting, recovery, and hospital stay in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are the most frequent problems after minor ambulatory surgical procedures. The agents used to induce and maintain anesthesia may modify the incidence of emesis. When neuromuscular blockade is antagonized with anticholinesterases, atropine or glycopyrrolate is used commonly to prevent bradycardia and excessive oral secretions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of atropine and glycopyrrolate on postoperative vomiting in children. METHODS: Ninety-three patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were studied. After inhalation induction of anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane, anesthesia was maintained with a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, halothane, morphine, and atracurium. Patients were randomized to receive, in a double-blinded manner, either 15 microg/kg atropine or 10 microg/kg glycopyrrolate with 60 microg/kg neostigmine to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Patient recovery, the incidence of postoperative emesis, antiemetic therapy, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, or discharge time from the postanesthesia care unit or the hospital between the groups. Twenty-four hours after operation, the incidence of vomiting in the atropine group (56%) was significantly less than in the glycopyrrolate group (81%; P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the atropine and glycopyrrolate groups in the number of patients who required antiemetics or additional analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: In children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, reversal of neuromuscular blockade with atropine and neostigmine is associated with a lesser incidence of postoperative emesis compared with glycopyrrolate and neostigmine.     

Sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade: A randomized,double-blinded study of thoracic surgical patients evaluating hypoxic episodes in the early postoperative period

Study objectiveThis objective of this study was to determine if reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex versus neostigmine results in a decreased number of hypoxic episodes in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing thoracic surgery with single lung ventilation.DesignSingle-center, randomized, double-blind, two-arm clinical trial.SettingOperating room and postanesthesia care unit.Patients92 subjects aged ≥18, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II-IV, and undergoing a thoracic operation necessitating single lung ventilation.InterventionsSubjects received either 2 mg/kg sugammadex or 50 μg/kg neostigmine with 8 μg/kg glycopyrrolate for reversal of moderate neuromuscular blockade.MeasurementsFor the first 90 min postoperatively, all episodes of hypoxia were recorded. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with acceleromyography (TOF-Watch® SX) and the train of four (TOF) was recorded at 2, 5, 10, and 15 min after administration of the neuromuscular reversal agent.Main resultsSubjects who received neostigmine had a median of 1 episode (interquartile range IQR: 0–2.2) of hypoxia versus subjects who received sugammadex who had a median of 0 episodes (IQR: 0–1) (p = 0.009). The mean time to recovery of TOF ≥ 0.9 was significantly faster with sugammadex at 10 min (95% confidence interval CI: 5–15) compared with neostigmine at 40 min (95% CI: 15–53) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn thoracic surgical patients necessitating single lung ventilation, sugammadex provides faster reversal of moderate neuromuscular blockade and results in a decreased number of postoperative hypoxic episodes compared with neostigmine.     

腹腔镜手术与射频消融治疗肝血管瘤的临床疗效对比分析

目的评价腹腔镜手术与射频消融治疗肝血管瘤的临床疗效对比研究,探讨其临床适用性。方法 2009年5月至2014年5月就诊的57例肝血管瘤患者随机分为腹腔镜组29例和射频消融组28例,采用SPSS13.0进行数据统计,手术时间、住院时间和术中出血量,治疗前后疼痛评分比较采用t检验;术后并发症比较采用χ~2检验,P0.05时差异具有统计学意义。结果对于直径在5~10 cm的肝血管瘤,射频消融组患者的手术时间和术中出血量均明显低于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(t=30.131、47.868,P=0.000);治疗后疼痛评分两组均明显改善,且腹腔镜组患者的改善情况优于射频消融组(t=7.918,P=0.000)。射频消融组患者并发症发生率为14.28%(4/28),腹腔镜组患者并发症发生率为13.79%(4/29),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.00,P=0.957 3);对于直径在10 cm以上的肝血管瘤,射频消融组所有患者均需进行2次的射频消融术,其中1例患者因首次手术后发生溶血性黄疸未进行第2次手术,腹腔镜组患者1例出现大出血而中转开腹手术。所有患者均未出现肝功能衰竭、腹腔出血等严重并发症,未出现死亡病例。结论两种手术方法在治疗较小的肝血管瘤方面疗效相当,但腹腔镜手术较射频消融术术后疼痛明显轻,对于较大的肝血管瘤腹腔镜手术相对有优势。     

Cisatracurium- and rocuronium-associated residual neuromuscular dysfunction under intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring and postoperative neostigmine reversal: a single-blind randomized trial

BackgroundPostoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) is a common complication in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), but also one of the most controversial issues. Many studies and trials demonstrated that some methods and techniques can reduce the incidence and the extent of the phenomenon.Study ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of RNMB in the PACU at standardized times after extubation with the implementation of a protocol of careful neuromuscular blockade management.DesignRandomized, single-blinded controlled clinical trial.SettingOperating room and PACU.PatientsA total of 120 patients of either sex with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 1, 2, and 3, aged 18 to 80 years were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgical procedures lasting for at least 60 minutes.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive either cisatracurium (n = 60) or rocuronium (n = 60) at the time of intubation and during surgery. Every patient received quantitative neuromuscular monitoring during general anesthesia. On completion of surgery, patients were given neostigmine 0.05 mg kg⁻¹. Patients were extubated at a train-of-four (TOF) ratio ≥0.9.MeasurementsTOF measurements were performed 15, 30, and 60 minutes after extubation. Tolerability of neuromuscular monitoring was evaluated with a scale from 1 to 10 (with 1 meaning no discomfort at all and 10 meaning maximal discomfort or pain).ResultsSix, 11, and 14 patients (5.0%, 9.2%, and 11.7%) exhibited a TOF ratio <0.9 at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after extubation, respectively. No statistically significant difference in the postoperative RNMB between cisatracurium and rocuronium was found. The median tolerability score for neuromuscular monitoring was 3.ConclusionCareful conduction, monitoring, and subsequent reversal of neuromuscular block may allow for obtaining considerably low incidence of residual neuromuscular block. However, our trial shows that some mid- and long-term cases of TOF ratios <0.9 can still occur, possibly jeopardizing the patients' postoperative recovery.