脐带绕颈胎儿分娩方式的选择探讨

目的探讨脐带绕颈胎儿的分娩方式。方法选择130例脐带绕颈孕妇为观察组,140例同期住院分娩无脐带绕颈孕妇为对照组,比较两组新生儿窒息发生率、阴道分娩率、孕妇分娩方式。结果在观察组中,脐带绕颈1周者胎儿窘迫率、新生儿窒息发生率分别为16例（12-3％）,5例（3．84％）,脐带绕颈2周或以上者在产程中胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率分别为27例（20．7％）,13例（10％）,结果明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论脐带绕颈不是剖宫产的绝对手术指征．可在严密监护胎心、胎动情况下积极试产,在试产过程中出现胎儿窘迫症象及时手术终止妊娠。     

脐带绕颈482例临床分析

目的：通过探讨脐带绕颈对孕妇分娩方式及围生儿的影响，提高对脐带绕颈孕妇的重视，进行严密监测，预防并发症的发生。方法：选择脐带绕颈孕妇482例进行回顾性分析。结果：因脐带绕颈或脐带绕颈出现胎儿窘迫行剖宫产者占7．88％，脐带绕颈的胎儿窘迫率为20．12％，新生儿窒息率为7．26％，死胎率为0．83％。结论：脐带绕颈与脐带长度有一定关系，脐带过长是胎儿脐带绕颈的基本因素，脐带绕颈周数越多，经阴道分娩的机会越少，剖宫产率越高，并且胎儿窘迫、死胎、新生儿窒息发生机会越大。     

脐带绕颈60例临床分析

目的：为探讨脐带绕颈对孕妇分娩方式及围生儿的影响。方法：选择脐带绕颈初产妇60例为A组．抽取同期分娩无脐带绕颈初产妇60例为B组，对两组间分娩方式、胎儿宫内状况、产时监护、新生儿情况进行回顾性对比分析。结果：阴道分娩率A组83．3％，B组91．7％；剖宫产率A组10．0％，B组5．0％；胎儿窘迫发生率A组20．0％，B组15．0％。A、B两组均无新生儿窒息发生。阴道分娩率、剖宫产率、胎儿窘迫发生率，两组对比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：对脐带绕颈的孕妇分娩时须严密观察．正确处理，绕颈1周甚至2周的产妇，无其他剖宫产指征的头位妊娠脐带绕颈者可以阴道分娩，以降低剖宫产率。     

脐带绕颈对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨脐带绕颈的最佳分娩方式,以达到降低剖宫产率及新生儿窒息率的目的。方法:选取脐带绕颈孕妇351例,根据新生儿出生时脐带绕颈情况分为:脐带缠绕一周组229例;脐带缠绕大于或等于两周组122例,以无脐带绕颈1 148例为对照组,分析三组分娩方式及新生儿情况。结果:脐带缠绕一周组剖宫产91例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息16例,阴道分娩138例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息6例;脐带缠绕大于或等于两周组剖宫产112例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息6例,阴道分娩10例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息1例;对照组剖宫产229例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息41例,阴道分娩919例,其中胎儿宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息20例。结论:脐带绕颈一周可阴道试产;脐带绕颈两周及以上的孕妇,选择剖宫产结束妊娠为佳。     

足月妊娠脐带绕颈分娩方式的探讨

目的探讨足月妊娠脐带绕颈在产程中导致胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率,选择合适的分娩方式。方法住院分娩的548例脐带绕颈孕妇为观察组,同期抽取住院分娩的无脐带绕颈的孕妇500例为对照组,分析比较两组孕妇胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率、脐带绕颈周数与胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率以及孕妇的分娩方式。结果观察组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);脐带绕颈1周观察组与对照组比较剖宫产率无明显差异(P>0.05);脐带绕颈2~3周观察组与对照组比较其剖宫产率明显升高(P<0.05)。结论脐带绕颈1周者,可鼓励孕妇自然分娩,必要时行剖宫产。脐带绕颈2~3周者,建议孕妇剖宫产分娩。     

研究脐带绕颈对分娩方式的影响

目的 探讨足月妊娠脐带绕颈在产程中导致胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率,选择合适的分娩分式.方法 住院分娩400例脐带绕颈孕妇为观察组,同期抽取住院分娩的无脐带绕颈的孕妇500例为对照组,分析比较两组孕妇胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率、脐带绕颈周数与胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率以及孕妇的分娩方式.结果 观察组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);脐带绕颈1周观察组与对照组比较剖宫产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脐带绕颈2～3周观察组与对照组比较其剖宫产率明显升高(P<0.05).结论 脐带绕颈1周者.可鼓励孕妇自然分娩,必要时行剖宫产.脐带绕颈2～3周者,建议孕妇剖宫产分娩.     

脐带绕颈对分娩方式及围产儿预后的影响

目的探讨脐带绕颈的诊断方法及其对分娩方式、围产儿预后的影响。方法回顾性分析脐带绕颈病例417例。结果彩色多普勒超声诊断脐带绕颈的准确率达94．8％；脐带绕颈的胎儿宫内窘迫率为28．29％，新生儿窒息率为15．35％，自然分娩率为28．78％，阴道助产率为21．34％，剖宫产率为49．88％，分别与对照组相比，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论彩色多普勒超声是诊断胎儿脐带绕颈的可靠方法；脐带绕颈能够明显增加胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、阴道助产及剖宫产的发生率。     

脐带绕颈产时对围产儿及分娩方式的影响

目的:探讨产时脐带绕颈对围产儿及分娩方式的影响。方法:选择680例单胎足月妊娠孕妇进行分析,分脐带绕颈组与无脐带绕颈组,分析脐带长度与脐带绕颈的关系,分析产时胎儿宫内窘迫率及新生儿窒息率;分析因胎儿宫内窘迫行阴道助产率及剖宫产率。结果:脐带过短无一例发生脐带绕颈,脐带过长组的脐带绕颈周数多于脐带正常长组,两组比较P<0.01,有显著差异。脐带绕颈组与无绕颈组的胎儿宫内窘迫率及新生儿窒息率比较.P<0.01,二组有显著差异。脐带绕颈的胎儿宫内窘迫率为24.82 ％,新生儿窒息率为12.41％。脐带绕颈与无绕颈组因胎儿宫内窘迫行阴道助产率及剖宫产率,两组比较,P>0.05。并无显著差异,脐带绕颈的胎儿宫内窘迫行阴道助产率为4.96％,剖宫产率为6.38％。结论:脐带绕颈与脐带长度有一定关系,脐带过长是导致脐带绕颈的基本因素,脐带绕颈周数越多,则胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息发生机会越大;但产前疑诊脐带绕颈者无需均采取剖宫产。     

脐带绕颈528例临床分析

目的：探讨脐带绕颈对围产儿的影响。方法：选择脐带绕颈528例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组脐带绕颈528例,发生胎儿窘迫93例（17．61％）,新生儿窒息40例（7．58％）;分娩方式：阴道顺产401例（75．95％）;剖宫产术117例（22．16％）;阴道助产10例（1．89％）。结论：脐带绕颈周数越多,胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生机率越大。对于脐带绕颈2周以上者,新生儿窒息发生率高,分娩方式宜选择剖宫产术。     

脐带长度与脐带绕颈关系的临床分析

目的探讨分析脐带长度与脐带绕颈率、绕颈周数、胎儿预后的关系。方法将2000例本院分娩产妇的胎儿脐带长度分为四组（〈30cm,30—60cm,70—90cm,〉90cm）,分别统计脐带绕颈率、脐带绕颈周数、胎儿宫内窘迫和新生儿窒息率。结果胎儿脐带长度与脐带绕颈发生率、绕颈周数经统计学比较有显著性差异（P〈O．01）;胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息率与脐带绕颈周数经统计学比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论随着脐带长度的增加,脐带绕颈的发生率与脐带绕颈的周数随之增多,并且胎儿宫内窘迫和新生儿窒息率的发生随胎儿绕颈的周数的增加而逐渐增高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.