Two MMP-2 promoter polymorphisms (-790T/G and -735C/T) in chronic heart failure.

Remodelling of extracellular matrix by activated matrix metalloproteinases is considered to contribute to progression of ventricle remodelling during chronic heart failure. The aim of this study was to associate two promoter polymorphisms, -790T/G and -735C/T, in the gene for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (gelatinase A) with chronic heart failure (CHF). For this purpose, 164 patients (124 men, 40 women, median age 56 years, range 21-91 years) with CHF (functional class NYHA II-IV, ejection fraction median 25%, cardiothoracic index more than 50%) were compared with 196 control subjects without clinical signs of cardiovascular disease (131 men and 65 women, median age 56 years, range 27-84 years) in -790T/G and -735C/T MMP-2 genotype distributions and allelic frequencies. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction analyses. A significant increase of the T allele of the -790T/G MMP-2 polymorphism (p = 0.04), as well as of the C allele of the -735C/T MMP-2 gene polymorphism, in patients with CHF was proven (p = 0.04). The heterozygote CT of the -735C/T MMP-2 polymorphism exhibits a 7 times higher odds ratio (OR) for the CHF patients with lower levels of total cholesterol (less than 5 mmol/l), especially for non-hypertensive CHF men (OR = 7.28, 95% confidence interval 1.51-35.03, p = 0.006). Determination of MMP polymorphisms in the regulatory area of the gene could help us to comprehend individual susceptibility of patients with CHF to MMP inhibitors based on known risks of MMP genotypes.     

TGF-β1-509 C/T基因多态性与类风湿性关节炎相关性研究

目的 探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)基因启动子-509C/T多态性与贵州汉族人群类风湿性关节炎(RA)的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,分析90例RA患者及95例正常对照组的TGF-β1基因启动子-509C/T多态性.结果 RA组与正常对照组-509C/T基因型频率分布有显著差异(P＜0.05),-509 CC基因型RA组高于对照组(33.3%vs 21.1%),而-509TT型明显低于正常对照组(21.1%vs 36.8%);RA患者组-509位点的等位基因频率与正常对照组也有显著差异(P＜0.01),RA组C等位基因频率显著高于对照组(56.1%vs42.1%),T等位基因频率低于对照组(43.9%vs 57.9%).结论 TGF-β1基因启动子-509C/T多态性与贵州汉族人群类风湿性关节炎显著相关.     

TIM-3基因启动子区-1516G/TRs153538和外显子区-882C/TRs474853,-574T/GRs151746位点多态性与蒙古族儿童哮喘的关系研究

目的 探讨哮喘免疫调节基因T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白域3(Tim-3)启动子区多态性位点-1516G/T(Rs10053538)和外显子区多态性位点-882C/T(Rs4704853),-574T/G(Rs1051746)与内蒙古地区蒙古族儿童哮喘的遗传易感性。方法收集赤峰市蒙医中医医院和红山区妇幼保健所2014年6月～2016年12月哮喘组儿童129例,平均年龄6.2岁; 正常体检对照组儿童130例,平均年龄6.0岁。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)检测所有研究对象的三个多态性位点的基因型,进行病例对照研究分析。结果 哮喘组-574T/G(Rs1051746)位点基因多态性的T等位基因明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(OR=0.239,95%CI 0.067～0.858,P<0.05)。哮喘组Tim-3启动子区-1516G/T(Rs10053538)位点基因多态性与对照组比较OR=0.835,95%CI 0.371～1.883,P=0.664; 哮喘组外显子-882C/T(Rs4704853)位点基因多态性与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(OR=0.326,95%CI0.33～3.172,P=0.310)。结论 Tim-3基因-574T/G(Rs1051746)位点与蒙古族儿童哮喘易感性相关,为内蒙古地区儿童哮喘的发病机制研究提供参考。     

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (-1607) 1G/2G and -9 (-1562) C/T promoter polymorphisms: susceptibility and prognostic implications in nasopharyngeal carcinomas

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis by degrading extracellular matrix components. Genetic variations in promoter regions of MMP genes, affecting their expression, have been associated with susceptibility to cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the MMP-1 (-1607) 1G/2G and MMP-9 (-1562) C/T polymorphisms in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. METHODS: The variation of the MMP-1 and MMP-9 promoter regions in 174 patients with NPC and 171 healthy control subjects was investigated. Association of the clinico-pathologic parameters and the genetic markers with the rates of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma-specific overall survival and the disease-free survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: No association was found between genetic variation in MMP-9 and the risk of NPC occurrence. In contrast, a significantly increased risk of NPC was associated with the homozygous MMP-1 (-1607) 2G2G genotype (OR=2.27; p=0.02). A significant association was also found between the 2G2G genotype and the aggressive forms of NPC as defined by large tumor size (T3-T4), lymph node metastasis and advanced stages (III-IV) at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, an association was ascertained between the MMP-1 polymorphism and gender (OR=2.90; p=0.02). In univariate analysis, the MMP-1 (-1607) 2G allele showed a significant association with reduced disease-free survival for NPC patients (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic variation in MMP-1 may represent a marker for the increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

AT1 receptor A1166C and AT2 receptor -1332A/G gene polymorphisms: efficient genotyping by single-tube PCR

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) genes have been investigated in recent years as potential etiologic candidates for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The pathogenic implications of AT1 A1166C and AT2 A-1332G gene polymorphisms have been shown. Here we describe a rapid and reliable method for detecting both AT1 and AT2 gene polymorphisms by a single-tube PCR, to reduce analysis time and simplify the genotyping procedure. In contrast to previously described methods, our method does not require hybridization, primer extension, or nested PCR for genotyping. In most previous studies concerning gene polymorphisms of RAS, both AT1 and AT2 receptor gene polymorphisms were investigated. The advantage of our method is that it makes it possible to detect both of these polymorphisms in a duplex PCR. The procedure described is convenient for routine laboratory use with manual sample processing, and offers the potential for further automation as well. Its simplicity makes it practical for large-scale screening of individuals and families at risk for cardiovascular or renal diseases.     

Association of AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case–control study

BackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer which its precise etiology remains unknown. However, environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of PTC. Axis inhibition protein 1 (Axin1) is a scaffold protein that exerts its role as a tumor suppressor. In addition, Cathepsin B (Ctsb) is a cysteine protease with higher expression in several types of tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms with PTC susceptibility.Materials & MethodsIn total, 156 PTC patients and 158 sex‐, age‐, and BMI‐matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms were genotyped using the PCR–RFLP method.ResultsThere was a relationship between AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A polymorphism and an increased risk of PTC in all genetic models except the overdominant model. The AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with an increased PTC risk only in codominant and overdominant models. The frequency of AXIN1 A _rs12921862 A _rs1805105 haplotype was higher in the PTC group and also this haplotype was associated with an increased risk of PTC. Moreover, the AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A polymorphism was not associated with PTC clinical and pathological findings, but AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with almost three folds of larger tumor size (≥1 cm). There was no association between CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphism and PTC and its findings.ConclusionThe AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A polymorphisms were associated with PTC. AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with higher tumor size.     

中国人群脂联素基因启动子区-11377C/G位点多态性与2型糖尿病易感性的Meta 分析

目的 探讨中国人群脂联素基因启动子区-11377C/G位点多态性与2型糖尿病易感的相关性.方法 检索2011年11月前中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)及Medline、Cochrane Library、Embase、Springer、Ovid等数据库,收集有关中国人群脂联素基因-11377C/G多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性研究;评价纳入研究质量,提取有效数据,采用Review Manager5.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入12组研究中国人群脂联素基因启动子区-11377C/G位点多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性的病例-对照研究,2型糖尿病病例2 598例,对照4 508例.Meta分析发现,脂联素基因启动子区-11377C/G位点C/G多态性与2型糖尿病相关性中G等位基因与C等位基因[OR=1.14,95%CI(1.03,1.25),P=0.009]、基因型(CG+GG)与CC[OR=1.19,95%CI(1.06,1.35),P=0.004]、基因型CG与CC[OR=1.14,95%CI(1.00,1.29),P=0.05]、基因型GG与CC[OR=1.34,95%CI(1.06,1.71),P=0.02]均具有统计学意义差异.结论 中国人群脂联素基因启动子区-11377C/G位点多态性与2型糖尿病易感性存在相关性.     

细胞色素P450 2C19 G681A基因多态性与北方汉族冠心病患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系探讨

目的 探讨细胞色素P450 2C19（CYP2C19） G681A基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗（CR）的关系,以期早期筛选和识别CR.方法 共纳入对象136例,其中73例为急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者,63例为稳定性心绞痛（SAP）患者.对所有入选对象进行血管舒张剂刺激磷酸蛋白（VASP）磷酸化程度的检测,按照测得的VASP磷酸化指数（VASP index）将患者分为CR组和NCR组,CR定义为VASP index≥50％.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术联合双脱氧sanger测序法,检测所有患者的基因型,分析各基因型和等位基因在两组之间的分布.结果 入选人群CR发生率为58.8％（80例）,ACS患者的CR发生率高于SAP患者（67.1％vs.49.2％,P＜0.05）.CYP2C19基因G681A多态性位点三种基因型（CG、GA、AA）在CR组与NCR组的分布频率分别为47.54％,46.22％,6.24％和69.63％,26.80％,3.57％,在两组间,三种基因型的分布存在差异（P＜0.05）.A等位基因的频率在CR组高于NCR组（29.37％vs.16.96％,P＜0.05）,A等位基因增加CR的发生风险（OR =2.04,95％ CI：1.12～ 3.71,P＜0.05）.Logistic回归校正了性别、年龄、体重指数、高血压病、2型糖尿病等因素后,发现CYP2C19基因G681A单核苷酸多态性仍与CR的发生风险有关（OR =3.259,95％ CI：1.476～6.764,P＜0.001）.结论 细胞色素P450 2C19 G681A基因多态性和CR的发生相关,A等位基因可能是导致CR发生的重要遗传学因素.     

Use of duplex PCR-CTPP methods for CYP2E1RsaI/IL-2 T-330G and IL-1B C-31T/TNF-A T-1031C polymorphisms.

BACKGROUND: Two duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with confronting two-pair primer (PCR-CTPP) methods were designed for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 RsaI and interleukin (IL-2) T-330G, and for IL-1B C-31T and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A) T-1031C. The four polymorphisms are considered to be functional, and the three cytokines reportedly inhibit CYP2E1 expression. Many studies have reported associations between the above polymorphisms and risk of diseases including cancers and inflammatory diseases. AIM: The main objective of this study was to examine the applicability of the established PCR conditions to a real situation. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were female examinees aged from 35 to 85 years who attended health checks run by a local government in Japan. RESULTS: The allele frequencies among 325 female health check examinees were 0.804 for CYP2E1 c1 allele, 0.668 for IL-2-330T allele, 0.554 for IL-1B-31T allele, and 0.822 for TNF-A-1031T allele. p-Values from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test were 0.658, 0.955, 0.062, and 0.806, respectively. DISCUSSION: Clear DNA bands observed with electrophoresis allowed us to genotype the four polymorphisms. The genotype frequencies were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test proportions, though the p-value for IL-1B C-31T was marginal. CONCLUSIONS: Both duplex PCR-CTPP methods may be useful tools for studies on the association between these polymorphisms and disease risk.     

The apolipoprotein(a) size, pentanucleotide repeat, C/T(+93) polymorphisms of apolipoprotein(a) gene, serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations and their relationship in a Korean population.

BACKGROUND: In addition to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] kringle 4 variable number of tandem repeat (K4-VNTR), pentanucleotide repeat polymorphism (PNRP) and C/T(+93) polymorphism [C/T(+93)] of apo(a) gene have been suggested to be related to lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration. We studied the distribution of these genetic polymorphisms and their relationship with Lp(a) concentrations in a Korean population. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two Korean adults were examined. Lp(a) was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apo(a) K4-VNTR was measured by high-resolution SDS-agarose gel separation and ECL Western blotting method. PNRP was measured after DNA amplification. The C/T(+93) ratio was measured by a amplification refractory mutation system. RESULTS: Lp(a) was inversely correlated with K4-VNTR (r=0.732, p<0.0001), but was associated neither with any PNRP haplotype nor with C/T(+93) by multiple regression analysis, although we found a significant decrease of Lp(a) in PNRP 9/9 individuals (p<0.01). There was a strong linkage disequilibrium between 9 haplotypes of PNRP and the T haplotype of C/T(+93). CONCLUSIONS: Inverse relationship between serum Lp(a) and K4 number of apo(a) was confirmed in normal Korean adults. PNRP 9/9 genotype appeared to have a reducing effect on Lp(a), but neither 9 haplotype heterozygotes of PNRP nor the T haplotype C/T(+93) affected Lp(a) concentrations in Koreans.     

Linkage disequilibrium between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-308 G/A promoter and TNF-beta NcoI polymorphisms: Association with TNF-alpha response of granulocytes to endotoxin stimulation

OBJECTIVE: Controversial data have been reported on the association between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-308 G[U279C]A promoter polymorphism or the TNF-alpha I polymorphism with TNF-alpha plasma concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is a linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms. Moreover, the influence of these polymorphisms on the TNF-alpha synthesis of activated granulocytes was studied. DESIGN: Analysis of TNF-alpha concentrations of human whole blood after endotoxin stimulation. SETTING: Medical research laboratory. PATIENTS: Healthy human volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Healthy human volunteers were genotyped for both TNF polymorphisms by means of polymerase chain reaction. TNF-alpha plasma concentrations were determined with chemiluminescence after incubation of whole blood with endotoxin. A strong (p <.0001) linkage disequilibrium was found for the TNF-beta I and the TNF-alpha-308 genetic polymorphisms. Almost all individuals homozygous for the TNF-B2 allele of the TNF-beta I polymorphism were also TNF-alpha-308 G homozygotes. Carriers of the TNF-alpha-308 genotype AG had a significantly higher TNF-alpha production capacity than G homozygotes. The TNF-beta I genotype TNF-B1/TNF-B2 was associated with significantly higher TNF-alpha concentrations than the genotype TNF-B2/TNF-B2. Individuals homozygous for the TNF-B2 and the TNF-alpha-308 G alleles had a significantly reduced TNF-alpha response compared with individuals heterozygous for both TNF polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: A linkage disequilibrium between the two TNF polymorphisms was found. This study revealed a significant association between genotype and phenotype for both TNF polymorphisms. Heterozygosity for both TNF polymorphisms is associated with an increased TNF-alpha response.     

苏州地区健康人群β-纤维蛋白原-455G/A、-148C/T基因多态性频率及与血浆纤维蛋白原水平的关系

目的调查分析苏州地区健康人群β-纤维蛋白原-455G/A、-148C/T基因位点的多态性分布情况.方法用clauss法测定血浆纤维蛋白原浓度,应用多聚酶链反应限制性酶切法,分析102名健康人DNA样品的基因型,计算等位基因频率.结果 Fgβ-455G/A多态性中,突变位点A等位基因频率为0.186,β-148C/T多态性中,T等位基因频率为0.206.A或T基因携带者血浆Fg水平明显高于非携带者.结论苏州地区人群Fg等位基因频率低于广东地区.β-455G/A、β-148C/T基因多态性与血浆Fg水平相关.     

Genetic association of interleukin-1beta (-511C/T) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (86 bp repeat) polymorphisms with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indians

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a subclinical systemic inflammation and development of complications like nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and hypertension. We studied the genetic association of bi-allelic polymorphism (-511C/T) of interleukin (IL)-1beta and 86 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of natural receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) with T2DM and associated complications in North Indians. METHODS: We genotyped 200 patients with T2DM and 223 healthy control subjects for IL-1beta (-511C/T) by PCR-RFLP. Genotyping of IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphism was determined by gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification. RESULTS: Interleukin-1beta (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms were significantly associated with T2DM. IL-1beta -511T, IL-1RN*2 and IL-1RN*3 alleles were associated with high risk of T2DM whereas; individuals with IL-1beta -511C and IL-1RN*1 alleles were at low risk. Haplotype frequency analysis showed that T2 (IL-1beta -511T/IL-1RN*2) haplotype was associated with the high risk (p=0.000; OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.68-3.34) and C1 (IL-1beta -511C/IL-1RN*1) haplotype showed low risk (p=0.000; OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.53). Further, CT, TT genotypes of IL-1beta (-511C/T) and 1/2 genotype of IL-1RN (VNTR) were found to be associated with risk of complications particularly with nephropathy in T2DM. CONCLUSION: The IL-1beta (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM as well as associated complications in North Indians.     

Association between T102C and A-1438G polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) gene and schizophrenia: relevance for treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

BACKGROUND: An involvement of serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) in the aetiology of schizophrenia has been hypothesised. The 5-HT2A receptor also appears to be an important site of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Indeed, association between schizophrenia and the T102C silent polymorphism of the 5-HTR2A gene has been reported. Another polymorphism in the promoter region of 5-HTR2A (A-1438G) in linkage disequilibrium with the T102C polymorphism has also been reported. It has been suggested that the A-1438G polymorphism alters promoter activity and expression of 5-HT2A receptors and might be responsible for the associations with schizophrenia and the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone. METHODS: We analysed the 5-HTR2A T102C and A-1438G polymorphisms in clinically stable schizophrenia patients (SPs) and healthy volunteers (HVs). We developed an allele-specific PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. In SPs, we also described differences across both diagnosis subtypes (paranoid vs. non-paranoid) and antipsychotic drug treatment (risperidone vs. other classical antipsychotic drugs). RESULTS: Two groups of 114 SPs and 142 HVs were studied. The frequency of the 5-HTR2A -1438A allele was higher in SPs than in HVs (0.54 vs. 0.44; p<0.05). The frequency of the 102T allele was also higher among SPs than HVs (0.56 vs. 0.46; p<0.05). These two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. The percentage of carriers of the 1438A/A and 102T/T alleles was 26% and 15% for SPs and HVs, respectively (p<0.05; odds ratio 1.9). No differences in genotype or allele frequencies were found between paranoid and non-paranoid SPs or between SPs on risperidone and those on classical antipsychotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a higher frequency of 5-HTR2A -1438A and 102T alleles in SPs compared to HVs.     

Association between the -2518G/A polymorphism in the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene and myocardial infarction in Tunisian patients

BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; gene name CCL2) has been suggested to play an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis by recruiting monocytes to sites of injured endothelium. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MCP-1 regulatory region have been identified. Controversial results regarding the association of the -2518G/A polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been reported. In the present study, we examined a possible association between the -2518G/A polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and myocardial infarction (MI) in a sample of the Tunisian population. METHODS: A total of 319 Tunisian patients with MI and 467 healthy controls were included in the study. The SNP of the MCP-1 gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS: Patients with MI had significantly higher frequency of the AG+GG genotypes compared to controls [42.9% vs. 35.8%; OR (95%CI), 1.34 (1.00-1.79); p=0.04]. The MI patient group showed a significant higher frequency of the G allele compared to the controls [0.242 vs. 0.195; OR (95%CI), 1.31(1.02-1.68), p=0.03]. The association between the -2518G/A polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and MI was no longer significant after adjustment for other well-established risk factors. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a significant but not independent association between the -2518G/A polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene (presence of G allele) and MI in the Tunisian population.     

Promoter polymorphisms -359T/C and -303A/G of the catalytic subunit p110beta gene of human phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are not associated with insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity in finnish subjects

OBJECTIVE: Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity is required for insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 transporters and glucose uptake and utilization. Therefore, genes encoding the subunits of PI 3-kinase are promising candidate genes for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We recently cloned the catalytic subunit p110beta gene of human PI 3-kinase and reported two nucleotide polymorphisms, -359T/C and -303A/G, in the promoter region of this gene. In this study, we determined the effects of these polymorphisms on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied two separate groups of Finnish nondiabetic subjects. Insulin secretion was evaluated by intravenous glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS: Our results showed that the -359T/C and -303A/G polymorphisms did not have a significant effect on fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin secretion, or insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that the promoter polymorphisms -359T/C and -303A/G of the catalytic subunit p110beta gene of human PI 3-kinase have a major impact on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or the risk of type 2 diabetes in Finnish subjects.