可控膀胱增强缩窄回肠控制机能的临床研究

目的设计一种控尿可靠,导尿容易和手术方法简单的可控膀胱输出道. 方法对20例尿流改道的患者,采用缩窄的回肠作为输出道,并将部分输出道固定在回肠储尿囊与腹壁之间,输出道的内口与回肠储尿囊作端侧吻合,其外口与脐孔作端端防狭窄吻合的手术方法治疗.术后1.5～3个月和6～ 17个月分别对输出道和储尿囊行尿动力学检查. 结果 1例术后55 d死于心脏疾病,其余19例中,18例术后昼夜能控制尿.术后1.5～3个月尿动力学显示储尿囊充盈时输出道最大闭合压为46～124(92±17)cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.0 98 kPa),空虚时34～84(67±12)cmH2O,两者间差异有非常显著性意义(t=10.5 9, P＜0.01);6～17个月12例行尿动力学检查,储尿囊充盈时输出道最大闭合压为7 7～154(101±21)cm H2O,空虚时为56～115(74±15) cm H2O,两者差异有非常显著性意义(t=8.54, P＜0.01);储尿囊容量为360～750 (455±111)ml,充盈时内压为16～35(23±6)cmH2O,充盈过程中没有收缩波出现. 结论储尿囊与腹壁的壁外支持可明显增强缩窄回肠的控尿能力,这种术式还具有导尿容易和手术方法简单的特点.     

尿流改道新术式棗体外可控性肠代膀胱术

目的　探讨体外可控性回肠代膀胱术的临床应用效果。方法　距回盲部 2 0cm处 ,取 48cm回肠 ,中段 3 0cm折叠成N形并缝制成贮尿囊 ;远端 10cm经腹壁造瘘口处穿出体外 ,将此处皮瓣包绕外露肠管缝制成皮管 ,构建输出道。将尿控器置于皮管外控制排尿。结果　 6例患者术后恢复顺利 ,随访 3～ 18个月。术后肝肾功能、电解质均正常。术后 3个月时平均贮尿囊最大容量为 (2 90± 80 )ml,最大充盈压为 (3 4.7± 7.8)cmH2 O (1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa) ,最大尿流率为(2 1.2± 3 .9)ml/s ,无残余尿。X线影像学检查 ,肾输尿管显影良好 ,无梗阻。尿控器能控制尿液流出。结论　本术式可达到体外控制排尿的效果 ,既不戴集尿袋 ,又不必导尿 ,并发症少 ,是一种比较理想的尿流改道新方法     

MainzⅡ式膀胱术的临床应用

在治疗严重的膀胱疾患时需行膀胱全切术并进行尿流改道.目前尿流改道的术式繁多,各有利弊,其中膀胱全切术乙状结肠直肠膀胱术(MainzⅡ)采用一段去管状化的乙状结肠及上段直肠改建成储尿囊(Mainz Pouch Ⅱ),双侧输尿管与储尿囊吻合,通过肛门控尿,是接近生理性控尿的新式尿流改道术.近年来这一术式在需要尿流改道的患者中被广泛采用,技术日渐成熟,术后并发症少,大大提高了患者的生存质量.本文综述近年来MainzⅡ术式在尿流改道中的应用及发展前景,旨在使MainzⅡ术式在膀胱全切后的尿流改道中得到进一步的推广.     

回肠代膀胱术和乙状结肠直肠膀胱术在尿流改道术中临床应用效果比较

目的 比较回肠代膀胱术和乙状结肠直肠膀胱术在尿流改道术中的临床应用效果.方法 选择我院2003年至2009年行尿流改道手术患者71例,33例实施回肠代膀胱术,38例实施乙状结肠直肠膀胱术.记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量;记录两组患者贮尿囊容量;观察两组患者术后6个月主要并发症(主要包括尿失禁、代谢性酸中毒、输尿管返流)发生情况.结果 ①两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组贮尿囊容量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②两组患者尿失禁发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组代谢性酸中毒、输尿管返流发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 回肠代膀胱符合生理排尿特点,患者易接受.但是其手术适应范围较小,尿失禁发生率较高.而乙状结肠直肠膀胱术手术过程相对简单,手术适应范围广,尿失禁发生率低.     

原位回肠和乙状结肠新膀胱尿动力学的比较分析

目的：比较、分析根治性全膀胱术后,原位回肠和乙状结肠新膀胱的尿动力学结果,为选择更为理想的新膀胱提供依据。方法：2002年1月～2009年6月间,将60例浸润性膀胱癌患者随机行根治性全膀胱切除、原位回肠新膀胱术（A组,男29例,女1例,平均54岁）和根治性全膀胱切除、原位乙状结肠新膀胱术（B组,男28例,女2例,平均55岁）。术后18～24个月比较分析两组患者储尿囊及流出道的尿动力学检查结果。结果：储尿囊最大容量、储尿囊最大内压、最大尿流率、剩余尿量、昼尿可控率、夜尿可控率A组分别为（556．0±110．5）ml、（1.695±0．598）kPa、（18．2±2．3）ml／s、（81．3±3．3）ml、90．0％、83．3％;B组分别为（410．2±90．2）ml、（1．784±0．843）kPa、（17．3i2．8）ml／S、（79．3土d．3）ml、86．7％、80．0％。两组储尿囊最大容量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,储尿囊最大内压、剩余尿量、最大尿流率、昼夜尿町控率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论两种术式术后均获得较好的控尿和排尿疗效,术者可以根据肠系膜的长短,擅长的手术方式选择新膀胱的方法。     

改良Kock回肠代膀胱术51例报告

目的总结改良Kock回肠代膀胱术的优缺点，为临床推广应用提供客观依据。方法浸润性膀胱癌患者51例（T2N0M0 37例，T3N0M0 14例，病理分级Ⅱ-Ⅲ级），根治性膀胱全切术后，行改良Kock回肠膀胱术，包括缩短输入段凹肠，重建储尿囊，代膀胱低位与尿道吻合，恢复原有排尿通道。结果51例手术时间5．5～8．5h，平均6．5h。术中出血量300—1200ml，平均650ml，术中输血31例。围手术期发生应激性溃疡6例；术后发生输尿管支架管拔除安道漏尿1例，经再次引流后痊愈；其余44例均未出现严重并发症。术后6—8个月北于肿瘤广泛转移4例，余47例随访8—32个月存活，患者无腰腹胀痛、发热及血尿，B超及泌尿系造影显示储尿囊形态规则，2例患者存在输尿管返流，但无肾功能损害。术后6个月内患者白天均可完全控尿，夜间尿失禁6例。结论改良Kock回肠代膀胱术可显著提高患者生活质量，术后并发症少，符合生理性排尿，是一种较为理想的根治性膀胱全切术后尿流改道的方法。     

改良可控性回肠膀胱控尿机制的临床研究

目的探讨改良可控性回肠膀胱临床应用的效果。方法膀胱癌行根治性膀胱切除尿流改道患者12例,采用改良的回肠乳头瓣作为输出道,外口与脐孔作皮瓣嵌入防狭窄吻合,去管化回肠浆膜下隧道抗返流技术。结果12例随访14~50个月,昼夜控尿满意,尿动力学显示:储尿囊容量350~720(435±88)m l,充盈时内压15~32(20±5)cm H2O,储尿囊充盈时输出道最大闭合压力74~142(98±23)cm H2O,空虚时为49~105(68±20)cm H2O,2者差异有统计学意义(t=8.82,P<0.01);充盈过程中无收缩波出现。结论改良回肠乳头瓣输出道及去管化回肠浆膜下隧道抗返流技术是比较理想的可控技术改进。     

体外可控性回肠膀胱术的实验研究及临床应用

目的　提高体外可控性回肠膀胱术的治疗效果。　方法　距回盲部约 2 0cm处切取一段回肠 ,中间部分折叠成N形并缝制成贮尿囊 ;近端回肠为输入道 ,近贮尿囊 4～ 5cm回肠纵形折叠缝合以缩窄管腔 ;远端 8～ 10cm回肠从腹壁造瘘口处穿出体外 ,于造瘘口处取双片梯形皮瓣包绕外露肠管缝制成皮管 ,构建输出道。将尿液控制器置于皮管外 ,利用气囊控制排尿。 12只犬应用研究后对 5例膀胱癌患者采用此术式治疗。　结果　 10只犬手术顺利 ,术后 3个月时贮尿囊平均最大容量 (15 0± 4 0 )ml,最大充盈压 (2 4 .4± 5 .3)cmH2 O。 5例患者术后随访 3～ 14个月。术后 3个月时贮尿囊平均最大容量 (2 90± 80 )ml,最大充盈压 (36 .3± 8.2 )cmH2 O ,最大尿流率 (2 0 .3± 4 .7)ml/s ,无剩余尿。影像学检查肾脏显影良好 ,输尿管通畅。尿液控制器气囊充气后无尿液流出 ,气囊消气后尿线粗。　结论　该尿流改道术式可达到体外控尿效果 ,不必佩戴集尿袋及导尿 ,手术操作比较简单、并发症少。     

原位回肠新膀胱术15 例临床报告

目的 探讨膀胱全切除术后原位M形回肠新膀胱的疗效.方法 膀胱恶性肿瘤患者15例行膀胱全切除术,采用M形原位回肠新膀胱术进行尿流改道.结果 围手术期无1例死亡,随访3-20个月(平均12.4个月).膀胱容量(340±23.71)mL(210-430 mL),膀胱充盈压为(20.12±0.64)cmH2O(13.50-33.91 cmH2O),排尿膀胱压为(77.02±12.11)cmH2O(53.21-87.09 cmH2O),残余尿(15.43±34.33)mL(3-88 mL),最大尿流率(18.16±5.60)mL/s(11.38-19.17 mL/s).无明显输尿管梗阻及返流.未发现尿道残端复发肿瘤.无排尿困难者,白天均可控制排尿;术后大于6个月者无夜间遗尿,术后半年15例复查B 超无肾积水表现,复查生化指标,肾功能电解质在正常范围内,1例术前肾积水及肾功能异常者术后为正常.结论 原位回肠新膀胱术是较理想的膀胱全切术后的尿流改道方式.     

可控性膀胱术与回肠新膀胱术(附68例报告)

目的　评价不同术式可控性膀胱术及回肠新膀胱术的疗效。　方法　对 6 8例膀胱全切除术后患者采用 4种可控性尿流改道及回肠新膀胱术式 ,术后对患者控尿、导 (排 )尿 ,贮尿囊容积、内压 ,影像学及血生化资料进行比较。　结果　回肠套叠式输出道 3例中有 2例部分脱套致术后尿失禁 ,需再次手术 ;缩窄末端回肠式输出道 44例控尿均良好 ,除 1例插管困难外余均能用 16～ 2 0F尿管自行导尿。去管折叠式贮尿囊 39例 ,其中回肠贮尿囊 3例、结肠 2 2例、回结肠 14例 ,能达到低压贮尿囊要求 ,但早期有 8例发生贮尿囊过度扩张 ,容量 1470～ 16 5 0ml;去带结肠贮尿囊 8例 ,容量 430～6 0 0ml,充盈压 30～ 45cmH2 O(1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa) ,有蠕动波 ,术后早期有 2例尿漏。回肠新膀胱2 1例 ,容量 35 0～ 46 0ml,充盈压 12～ 2 0cmH2 O ,日间尿失禁 1例 ,夜间尿失禁 2例 ,其余无尿失禁。　结论　盲升结肠 30cm剖开对折成形可控性膀胱可满足低压贮尿囊要求 ,去带结肠贮尿囊由于易发生术后尿漏或粘连 ,内压较高 ,不够理想。缩窄末段回肠式输出道控尿效果好、内腔大、插管顺利、并发症少 ,明显优于回肠套叠输出道。回肠新膀胱术贮尿排尿功能良好 ,术后生活质量高 ,但应严格选择手术适应证。     

d-Xylose absorption after urinary orthotopic bladder replacement: colon neobladder compared with ileal neobladder

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the digestive and absorptive status using the D-xylose test in patients who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement either by colon or ileal segment. METHODS: D-xylose serum levels after an oral load, nutritional status, plasma vitamin B12 levels, and acid-base and electrolyte balances were studied in 18 patients with colon neobladder and 12 patients with ileal neobladder. Mean follow-up period was 51 months. Results of both types of bladder replacement and a healthy control group were compared. RESULTS: Although no significant difference in the changes of plasma levels of D-xylose after oral load was observed between patients with colon neobladder and healthy controls, plasma levels of D-xylose 90 min after oral load in patients with ileal neobladder were significantly lower than those with colon neobladder. In contrast, there was no significant difference in nutritional status, plasma levels of vitamin B12, and acid-base and electrolyte balances between patients with colon and ileal neobladders. CONCLUSION: Despite acceptable nutritional status, intestinal malabsorption might be present in patients with ileal neobladder, as indicated by the plasma levels of D-xylose, while the colon neobladder group showed no significant differences compared with normal controls. Therefore, absorptive and metabolic status should be carefully monitored after ileal neobladder creation.     

National survey on orthotopic neobladder

Objective A national survey was conducted among the urologists in India to find the preference for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for muscle invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder, percentage of neobladder reconstruction, segment of the bowel used, complication rate, need for self-intermittent catherisation on follow up and the survival. Material and methods A detailed questionnaire was mailed to all members of the urological society of India (USI) to find out their preference for urinary diversion following radical cystectomy for muscle invasive carcinoma urinary bladder. For the neobladder reconstruction, they were asked for the type of bowel segment used, complication rate, reoperation rate, need for intermittent clean catheterisation on follow up and 5-year survival. Results A total of 24 institutions responded to the mailed questionnaire. Of all institutions 12 (50%) did not prefer the orthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction. Among the institutions carrying out neobladder reconstruction, majority perform ileal conduit in more than 50% of the cases. Ileum (66.66%) or ileocaecal (16.66%) segment was the choice of bowel segment for most of the urologists. Only three institutions used sigmoid colon. The complications encountered were wound infection (5–25%), burst abdomen (5%), urinary fistulas (3–25%), faecal fistulas (2–5%), bladder neck stenosis (5–15%) and ureterointestinal anastomosis stenosis (5–25%). The reoperation rate was 5–15% with a perioperative mortality of 0.5–3%. Around 10–100% (average 50%) of the patients require intermittent clean catherisation. Only seven institutions could provide 5-year survival rate data. Of these three institutions reported more than 50% and four institutes less than 50% 5-year survival. Conclusion Ileal conduit still remains the urinary diversion of choice following radical cystectomy for muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder among most of the urologists in India. Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction is practiced only in selected centres. Wound infection, urinary leak and obstruction at ureterointestinal anastomosis are the main complications. Clean intermittent cathaterisation is required at an average of 50% of the patients to ensure complete emptying of the neobladder.     

根治性膀胱切除术后回肠与乙状结肠2种原位新膀胱术的临床疗效观察

目的:探究根治性膀胱切除术后回肠与乙状结肠2种原位新膀胱术的临床疗效及术后并发症发生率的差异。方法:选取2010年4月~2015年2月我院收治的膀胱癌患者86例作为研究对象。所有患者均行根治性膀胱切除术+原位新膀胱术,按手术方式不同,接受回肠原位新膀胱术的51例患者分为A组,接受乙状结肠原位新膀胱术的35例患者为B组。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间。所有患者术后定期随访,均随访满18个月,观察记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况、术后3周控尿能力及术后6个月的尿流动力学检查结果。结果:A组患者手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间均明显多于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,术后并发症Clavien-Dindo分级比较差异无统计学意义;A组患者术后3周夜间可控尿率明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后6个月的膀胱剩余尿和最大尿流率差异无统计学意义;A组术后6个月的膀胱最大储尿量明显高于B组,而膀胱充盈压和排尿压均明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后18个月肿瘤复发率及生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义。结论:相比回肠原位新膀胱术,乙状结肠原位新膀胱术具有手术操作较简单、术中出血量少、术后恢复快等优势,而回肠原位新膀胱术术后夜间控尿率较满意,膀胱储尿量大,顺应性好。2种原位新膀胱术均能取得满意疗效,术后并发症发生率及Clavien-Dindo分级差异无统计学意义,随访18个月肿瘤复发率及生活质量评分差异无统计学意义,临床上可根据患者个体情况和医生擅长术式决定治疗方案。     

肠代膀胱术中输尿管吻合方法的改进

目的：探讨肠代膀胱输尿管吻合的理想方法。方法：对60例肠代膀胱术后118侧作肠代膀胱输尿管吻合的患者进行随访．对不同吻合方法的效果作对比分析。采用黏膜下隧道法吻合6例11侧，黏膜沟法吻合10例19侧，改良黏膜沟法吻合42例84侧．改良乳头种植法吻合2例4侧。结果：吻合一侧所需时间．黏膜下隧道法和黏膜沟法为25min，改良黏膜沟法8min，改良乳头种植法5min。无吻合口漏及输尿管反流并发症，吻合口狭窄均见于黏膜下隧道法。结论：改良黏膜沟法和直接种植法是肠代膀胱输尿管吻合的理想方法。     

Neobladder-vaginal fistula after cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder construction

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential surgical and clinical factors that contribute to the development of neobladder-vaginal fistula (NVF) after cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) construction in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 37 patients who had vaginal-sparing cystectomy, the records of four who developed a NVF after radical cystectomy and ONB construction were reviewed. Retrospective clinical and surgical information was collected, including patient demographics, tumour pathology, surgical technique, presenting symptoms, and method and efficacy of surgical repair. RESULTS: In two of the four patients who developed a NVF a small injury to the anterior vaginal wall was noted during surgery and closed primarily. All patients presented with severe urinary incontinence. The NVF was diagnosed after cystoscopy and/or speculum examination. Three of the four patients had an attempted surgical repair, including one obturator flap interposition, one rectus flap interposition, and one primary two-layer closure. To date, one patient is fistula-free and two were subsequently converted to an ileal conduit or continent cutaneous diversion because the fistula recurred. The fourth patient developed a NVF in association with local tumour recurrence and underwent conversion to an ileal conduit. CONCLUSION: The development of a NVF is a significant complication after cystectomy. Inadvertent injury to the vaginal wall is an important predisposing factor to subsequent NVF development. The repair of a NVF is often difficult; upon diagnosis, conversion to a continent cutaneous urinary diversion may be considered.     

Long-term results of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a retrospective study, the long-term results of neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy, as this is the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were retrieved for all patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated by radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder substitution between 1988 and 1998. All perioperative and long-term complications were recorded. The voiding pattern, frequency of micturition and continence were assessed, and a complete urodynamic profile recorded. RESULTS: In all, 102 patients underwent radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in the study period; their mean (range) follow-up was 73 (36-144) months. Neobladder substitution was with an ileocaecal segment in 35 patients, sigmoid colon in 34 and ileum in 33. Early complications occurred in 32 patients (31%) although open surgical intervention was required in only nine (9%). The death rate after surgery was 3.9%. Late complications occurred in 31 patients (30%) and were primarily caused by uretero-enteric and vesico-urethral strictures (9% each). Most patients had daytime (89%) and night-time (78%) continence. The mean maximum pouch capacity (mL) and pouch pressure at capacity (cmH2O) were 562.5 and 23 (ileocaecal), 542 and 17.8 (sigmoid) and 504 and 19.1 (ileal), respectively; the mean postvoid residual was 29, 44 and 23 mL, respectively. Nine patients with ileocaecal neobladders, and 20 and seven with sigmoid and ileal neobladders, required clean intermittent catheterization. Twenty-four patients had recurrence of disease, of whom 20 died. CONCLUSIONS: Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction requires complex surgery but has an acceptable early and late complication rate in properly selected patients. It provides satisfactory continence without compromising cure rates.     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除、原位回肠新膀胱的尿流动力学分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜膀胱全切除、原位回肠新膀胱的临床效果。方法 对8例行腹腔镜膀胱全切除、原位回肠新膀胱患者进行排尿情况的记录和尿动力学检查。结果 8例患者均可自主控制排尿（1例夜间轻微尿失禁）,在新膀胱充盈过程中均可出现胀痛感觉,膀胱平均容量377．5ml,压力17．9cmH2O,最大尿流率18．1ml／s,最大尿道闭合压68．5cnH2O,功能性尿道长度3．7cm。结论 腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除、原位回肠新膀胱术较传统的开放手术创伤更小,但贮尿囊一样具有容积较大、内压较低和可控性较好的优点,排尿良好,值得临床推广。     

改良低压回肠代膀胱术的疗效评价

目的 总结改良原位低压回肠代膀胱术的疗效及患者生活质量。方法 膀胱癌患者53例，平均年龄61岁，均施行根治性膀胱全切术。截取末端35—45cm回肠，“U”形缝合形成代“膀胱”，并与输尿管形成抗返流的“乳头”缝合。结果 术后所有患者血生化及电解质均正常，随访3—6个月，51例患者白天完全可控排尿，完全夜间可控制排尿25例。47例无残余尿，5例有残余尿20-35mL。结论 改良低压回肠代膀胱术，膀胱容量大、压力低、无返流、效果好、无吸收性酸中毒，患者白天均能够控制尿液，夜间需定时排尿，生活质量高，多数患者满意。     

Urodynamic analysis of voiding dysfunction in orthotopic ileal neobladder

We examined the urodynamics, particularly voiding dysfunction, in patients with a neobladder. Free uroflowmetry, pressure-flow study, and voiding cystourethrography were performed in 22 patients (mean age 65 years) at a mean of 21 months after ileal neobladder substitution. The results of free uroflowmetry were used to divide patients into two groups: the good voiders and the poor. Daytime continence was achieved in all patients, while 10 (45%) had nighttime continence. To void 250 ml urine the good voiders strained 2 ± 1.5 times, and the poor voiders 6 ± 5 times. The neobladder neck was at the most caudal portion of the reservoir in good voiders, and there was wide funneling. In the group with poor emptying ability, the outlet was not located at the most dependent position. The principal factors for ensuring good voiding function in neobladder patients are the ability to perform effective straining and the location of the neobladder neck.     

Intracorporeal neobladder reconstruction: pressure-flow urodyamic studies in cadaveric orthotopic neobladders

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4

OBJECTIVE

? To determine the pressure‐flow characteristics of neobladders created in various configurations that may be constructed intra‐abdominally. Complete intracorporeal neobladder construction has been previously described but is limited due to excessive operative time and the need for an advanced laparoscopic skill set.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

? Four neobladder configurations were constructed, each using 20 cm of human cadaveric small intestine. The standard hand sewn Studer pouch was compared with a circular loop, W‐pouch, and U‐pouch with stapled anastamoses. ? Pressure flow studies were completed using the Aquarius TT UDS system (Laborie Medical Technologies, Toronto, Ontario) and each neobladder was filled to a pressure of 50 cm H2O. Neobladder change in pressure, capacity, and overall compliance were determined.

RESULTS

? The cystometric capacities of the stapled U‐pouch, W‐pouch, Circle pouch, and Studer pouch were 167.3 mL, 177.5 mL, 114 mL, and 145.2 mL respectively. The first increase in intravesical pressure was at 90.3 mL, 103 mL, 50 mL, and 85 mL. ? The greatest compliance of 3.81 mL/cmH2O was demonstrated in the U‐pouch, with the W‐pouch revealing a compliance of 3.44 mL/cmH2O. ? The least compliant neobladder was the circle pouch (2.24 mL/cmH20) followed by the standard Studer pouch (2.94 mL/cmH2O).

CONCLUSION

? The construction of an orthotopic neobladder must not only be technically feasible but maintain adequate capacity and compliance for optimal functioning. Pressure‐flow studies demonstrated equivalent results in alternate neobladder configurations. Additional data is needed to determine feasibility in vivo.