带旋股外动脉升支髂骨瓣移位治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

[目的]探讨应用带旋股外动脉升支髂骨瓣移位及加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。[方法]对37例青壮年外伤性股骨颈骨折行切开复位内固定,取带旋股外动脉升支髂骨瓣移位于股骨颈头处。[结果]16例患者获随访,3例发生骨不连,发生率8.33%,其余均愈合,愈合时间一般为3～6个月。5例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,坏死率13.88%。[结论]采用带旋股外动脉升支髂骨瓣移位及加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,可提高骨折的愈合率,同时减少股骨头坏死的发生。     

带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨采用旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效. 方法 对36例年龄在23～52岁的青壮年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ或Ⅳ型)患者,采用髋S-P切口或辅加髋外侧小切口进行骨折切开复位、空心加压螺钉内固定、将带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣转位植入股骨颈前部的骨槽内. 结果 术后切口全部Ⅰ期愈合.经9～74个月(平均32.5个月)随访,股骨颈骨折骨性愈合32例,不愈合4例,股骨头缺血坏死2例.髋关节功能Harris评分优良率83.3％.无1例发生股外侧皮神经损伤、腹股沟疝. 结论 旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折临床效果良好.     

3枚非平行空心螺钉固定联合带血供骨瓣嵌入治疗GardenIV型并PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折

目的 对空心加压螺钉联合旋股内侧动脉深支大转子骨瓣治疗GardenIV型并PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折进行疗效分析和经验总结。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年6月收治的12例接受3枚非平行空心螺钉固定联合带血供骨瓣嵌入治疗的GardenIV型同时Pauwels分型为Ⅲ型的股骨颈骨折患者,男8例,女4例,年龄跨度18～60岁。结果 所有患者术后8周下地单拐辅助负重,3个月复查X片股骨颈骨折均得到临床愈合,术后6-18个月未发现股骨颈短缩、股骨头坏死。结论 空心加压螺钉联合旋股外侧动脉升支髂骨瓣或旋股内侧动脉深支大转子骨瓣嵌入股骨颈手术是治疗GardenIV型同时PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有效术式。     

带血管蒂骨瓣移植加压螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的探讨三种带血管蒂骨瓣移植联合加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法自1998年7月至2008年5月对52例青壮年外伤性股骨颈骨折行切开复位加压螺钉内固定,分别取带旋股外侧血管横支的大转子骨瓣、带旋股外侧血管升支髂骨瓣及带旋髂深血管蒂的髂骨瓣移植于股骨头颈处。结果 52例均获得随访,随访时间最短11个月,最长9年2个月,平均3年8个月。本组骨折愈合率为96.16%。2例发生骨不连,发生率3.8 4%,其余均愈合。3例发生股骨头缺血坏死,坏死率5.5 6%。本组优3 8例,良1 0例,可3例,差1例,优良率92.38%。结论采用三种血管蒂骨瓣移植联合加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折可提高骨折的愈合率,同时减少股骨头缺血坏死的发生。     

空心螺钉内固定结合股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨联合应用股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法经髋关节后外侧入路,取股方肌骨瓣移植于股骨颈骨折骨槽内,2～3枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗22例青壮年股骨颈骨折。术后进行科学合理的功能锻炼。结果经1.5～5年(平均2年3个月)随访,20例4个月～1年均达到骨性愈合。2例股骨头缺血性坏死II期。按Harris髋关节功能评分:优14例,良6例,可2例,优良率达91%。结论应用股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈新鲜骨折,血供好,固定牢固,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头坏死的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

微创空心钉内固定加带血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的讨论微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对12例青壮年股骨颈骨折采用部分髂腹股沟入路切口联合部分髋关节前侧髂股骨入路,微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗。结果12例骨折愈合时间3～8个月,无骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死发生,髋关节功能良好。结论微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折非常有效的方法。     

可吸收螺钉固定带旋髂深血管骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨空心钉内固定联合可吸收螺钉固定带旋髂深血管骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法 18例青壮年股骨颈骨折经改良Smith-Petersen切口,取带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植于股骨颈骨折骨槽内,可吸收螺钉固定骨瓣后用3枚空心钉内固定。结果 18例均获平均24(12~36)个月随访,骨折均愈合,1例在术后23个月出现股骨头坏死。髋关节功能按Harris评分:优12例,良5例,可1例。结论该方法治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折血供好、固定牢固、骨折愈合快,能减少股骨头坏死的发生及二次取出内固定的创伤,可早期进行关节功能练习。     

切开复位内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨应用切开复位空心螺钉内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对21例年龄15~35岁的青壮年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型)患者,采用髋部Smith-Peterson切口进行骨折切开复位,空心加压螺钉内固定,将旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植固定于股骨头颈前部的骨槽内,观察股骨颈骨折愈合情况,骨不连、股骨头缺血坏死等并发症发生情况。结果本组21例术后伤口全部甲级愈合,均无感染及骼骨瓣移位,植入的空心螺钉均无退钉。所有患者均获得随访,平均随访24(12~72)个月。所有骨折均在术后6~9月时获得骨性愈合,无骨折不愈合出现,无股骨头缺血坏死病例。1例患者出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,术后6月时基本恢复正常。髋关节功能Harris评分结果显示优15例,良5例,一般1例,优良率达95.2%。结论切开复位内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年移位股骨颈骨折临床效果满意,是治疗年轻患者股骨颈移位骨折的一种较好的方法。     

带血管阔筋膜张肌骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的研究GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折的治疗。方法36例股骨颈骨折患者，其中Garden Ⅲ型14例，Ⅳ型22例。采用带旋股外侧血管升支的阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣移植配合内固定治疗，随访2～8年。结果36例骨折中34例全部获得愈合，有1例骨折不愈合并内固定断裂，行全髋关节置换治疗，1例1年后爱生股骨头坏死。结论Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折损伤重，骨折端血供中断，带旋股外侧血管升支的髂骨块可能恢复骨折端的连接，愈合后恢复股骨头血供，对防止骨折端不愈合及股骨头坏死有一定的意义。     

空心加压螺钉结合股方肌骨瓣移植术治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨空心加压螺钉内固定结合股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法采用髋关节后外侧切口,切开复位、空心加压螺钉内固定加股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折26例。结果患者均获随访,时间1~3年。骨折均一期骨性愈合,疗效评定：优秀16例,良好8例,差2例,优良率达92.3%（24/26）。结论空心加压螺钉内固定结合股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折骨愈合率高,并发症少,操作简单,恢复快,疗效好。     

青壮年新鲜股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨新鲜青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术治疗方法。方法 本组72例，平均34．4(20～48)岁。其中头下型32例，经颈型12例，基底型28例，均用多枚钛合金空心钉固定闭合复位5l例，切开复位同时分别联合应用股方肌骨瓣或带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣2l例。平均随访3年4个月：结果 5例复位不良，其中4例出现骨折不愈合，共10例发生股骨头坏死。结论 新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则是应力求早期解剖复位，牢固固定。钛合金空心钉呈等腰三角形平行固定可获得良好的固定效果，有动力加压作用，创伤小，愈合率高，并发症少，可以长期存留体内，是目前比较理想的股骨颈骨折治疗手段一带肌蒂或血管蒂的髂骨瓣植入可以改善局部的血运。良好的骨折复位、早活动晚负重，有利于降低青壮年股骨颈骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血坏死的发生率。     

加压空心钉固定加肌蒂髂骨瓣移植联合治疗中青年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨加压空心钉固定加肌蒂髂骨瓣移植联合治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法加压空心钉固定加缝匠肌髂骨瓣和（或）阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣植入治疗股骨颈骨折36例,观察骨折愈合率及优良率。结果36例均获随访,时间5—10（7．5±1．4）年。根据X线片和功能恢复程度并参考赵东升等标准进行功能评价：优27例,良7例,可2例,优良率为94．4％;骨折愈合时间3～8（5±1．6）个月,2例发生骨折不愈合,愈合率为94．4％。2例5年后股骨头坏死,坏死率为5．6％。结论加压空心钉固定加肌蒂骨瓣移植联合治疗中青年股骨颈骨折,固定牢固,缝匠肌髂骨瓣和（或）阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣血供充足,可促进股骨颈骨折愈合,降低股骨头坏死率,提高疗效。     

应用空心螺钉治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效

目的观察空心螺钉内固定治疗65岁以上老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。 方法前瞻性收集2012年3月至2017年5月符合纳入排除标准的65岁以上老年股骨颈骨折患者25例,作为观察组,同时选取21例65岁以下股骨颈骨折患者作为对照组,两组均采用闭合复位空心螺钉内固定,比较分析两组间的疗效差异。 结果两组随访时间12~36个月,平均（22±7）个月。观察组25例中获随访23例,骨折不愈合1例,股骨头缺血坏死2例;对照组21例中均获随访,骨折不愈合1例,股骨头缺血坏死1例,差异无统计学意义。术后1年髋关节Harris评分观察组平均为（78±11）分,对照组平均为（82±9）分,两组差异无统计学意义。 结论应用空心螺钉内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折仍可获得低年龄组股骨颈骨折一样的治疗效果。     

Effect of cannulated screws with deep circumflex iliac artery-bone grafting in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults

ObjectivesSurgical treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults is clinically challenging due to the high incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head and fracture nonunion. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of cannulated screws with deep circumflex iliac artery bone grafting (DCIABG) by comparing to the routinely used method in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults.MethodsFrom March 2006 to December 2012, a total of 185 patients with femoral neck fracture were admitted to the hospital for internal fixation surgery, 103 patients (61 males and 42 females, mean age of 39.1 years) were treated with three cannulated screws with DCIABG (group A), and 82 patients (49 males and 33 females, mean age of 35.5 years) were treated with three cannulated screws without DCIABG (group B).ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 24 months after the surgery. The patients in group A had a significantly higher Harris Hip Score (p < 0.001), shorter fracture healing time (p < 0.001), lower occurrence rate of avascular necrosis of femoral head (p = 0.008) and fracture nonunion (p = 0.012) compared to the patients in group B. However, the operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in patients in group B than those in group A (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCannulated screws with DCIABG significantly reduced femoral head osteonecrosis and fracture nonunion. Therefore, it is a feasible and effective method in the treatment of young adult patients with femoral neck fracture.     

4枚与3枚空心钉固定Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折比较

[目的]比较4枚与3枚空心钉内固定PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的临床效果.[方法]2014年1月-2018年11月,70例Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折患者纳入本研究,采用抽签法将患者随机分为两组.其中,35例采用4枚空心钉内固定(四钉组),35例采用3枚空心钉内固定(三钉组),比较两组患者围手术期情况、随访结果和影像...     

Displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with closed reduction and internal fixation

This article describes the effect of closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 different screw configurations for acute completely displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults. From 2001 to 2006, 136 patients (age range, 20-50 years) who had acute unilaterally completely displaced femoral neck fractures were evaluated retrospectively. All fractures were managed with closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 cannulated screws. The follow-up period was 55 months on average (range, 36-90 months). One hundred twenty-two patients were available for final evaluation of union condition and late complication. Twenty-three patients (18.9%) had nonunion, 15 (12.3%) had fixation failure, and 21 (17.2%) had avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The average duration from injury to surgery was 18.4 hours in the union group and 23.3 hours in the nonunion group, with no statistical significance (P=.196). The average duration from injury to surgery was 17.3 hours in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head group and 22.3 hours in the non-avascular necrosis of the femoral head group, with no statistical significance (P=.155). Vertical- and separated-type screw configurations resulted in a significantly higher nonunion rate (P=.001 and P=.0017, respectively) than parallel configuration. The complication rate in treating completely displaced femoral neck fractures with internal fixation in young adults is high, and screw configuration may further affect results.     

应用二枚或三枚AO空心螺钉治疗老年新鲜GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的探讨应用2枚AO空心螺钉治疗老年新鲜无移位型(GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型)股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法将105例老年新鲜无移位型(GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型)股骨颈骨折患者分为A组(应用2枚空心螺钉)56例,B组(应用3枚空心螺钉)49例。对两组平均手术时间、X线暴露时间、并发症发生情况、末次随访时Harris评分等指标进行统计学比较。结果105例获得随访25～31个月。两组并发症发生情况,末次随访时Harris评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组平均手术时间、X线暴露时间明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用2枚和3枚AO空心加压螺钉治疗老年新鲜无移位型(GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型)股骨颈骨折均可获得良好的临床效果,但应用2枚空心螺钉操作更简便。     

Ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures: are cephalomedullary nails appropriate?

A retrospective review was conducted to examine rates of malreduction and nonunion in ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures using different fixation strategies. Twenty-two consecutive patients with 23 fractures were identified. Participants were treated with various fixation strategies for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. Cephalomedullary devices were used in 13 cases, while cannulated screws and a retrograde femoral nail were used in nine cases. One patient was treated with cannulated screws and external fixation of the femoral shaft. Radiographic assessment of the quality of reduction and union of both fractures was evaluated. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was available in 20 fractures (87%) with a mean of 12 months (range 3-50). Two femoral neck nonunions occurred; both had fair reductions of the fractures obtained by closed maneuvers, and two-device fixation was used in each. One femoral shaft nonunion occurred in a fracture treated with a cephalomedullary nail. All three united after revision surgery. No cases of osteonecrosis or conversion to hip arthroplasty were noted. A combination of retrograde femoral nailing and screw fixation of the femoral neck or placement of a cephalomedullary nail can provide excellent reduction and rate of union in the treatment of this injury pattern. Excellent reduction of the femoral neck fracture is key to preventing femoral neck nonunion.     

旋股外多条血管束移植治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折

青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折往往并发发骨不连及股骨头坏死。采用旋股外多条血管束移植，加压螺钉内固定，配合中药活血化瘀，治疗ＧａｒｄｅｎⅣ型股骨颈骨折，与带肌蒂骨瓣，带血管蒂骨瓣移植加螺钉内固定及单纯加压螺钉内固定比较，疗效优越。     

闭合复位3枚空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效及并发症情况。方法自2007-01—2010-12．对80例股骨颈骨折行闭合复位3枚空心钉内固定手术,80例获得至少24个月随访,平均47．8个月。采用X线摄片评估骨折愈合及并发症情况,采用髋关节功能Harris评分对术后临床功能疗效进行评估。结果80例股骨颈骨折中69例获得完全愈合,3例发生骨不连,8例出现股骨头缺血性坏死。3例骨不连发生在GardenⅣ型中。均接受二次手术,1例行带血管蒂腓骨移植,2例行人工全髋关节置换术;8例股骨头缺血性坏死在GardenIII型中发生3例,在GardenIV型中发生5例,因患者自己感觉功能尚能接受,暂未行人工髋关节置换术治疗。髋关节功能Harris评分结果显示55例为优,15例为良,6例为可,4例为差,优良率达87．5％。结论闭合复位空心钉内固定是治疗股骨颈骨折的有效手段,良好的复位和坚强内固定可使手术获得满意的临床疗效。减少并发症的发生。