无机汞对甲状腺激素的影响

无机汞对甲状腺激素的影响李松皮静波孙贵范吕秀强陆春伟刘淑兰近年来,汞对内分泌器官,特别是对甲状腺功能的影响受到人们重视,但是所报结果尚不一致。本研究选择长期接汞工人,重点测定甲状腺激素含量的变化;并同时对大鼠进行染汞实验研究,以探讨无机汞对甲状腺激素...     

汞作业工人免疫状况的初步观察

为了研究汞对人体免疫功能的影响,本文对某灯泡厂40名汞作业工人的免疫状况进行了调查.选用不接汞的健康人作为对照组.测定血清中免疫球蛋白含量和 T 淋巴细胞计数及淋巴细胞转化率等反映工人的免疫状态。结果表明,汞作业工人的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能均降低。     

212名汞作业工人心电图及血压分析

为了解汞对作业工人心血管系统的损害,以212名汞作业工人为接汞组进行内科、血尿常规、生化、心电图及尿汞含量测定等检查,并对作业场所空气中汞浓度进行测定。选择187名不接触汞及其他有毒有害物的工作人员为对照组进行对比分析,结果显示,心电图异常检出率接汞组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其中窦性心律不齐(P0.01)、窦性心律过速(P0.05)、完全或不完全束支传导阻滞(P0.05)、QRS低电压(P0.05),均有统计学意义。接汞组工人工龄与心电图异常检出率,经相关系数检验,呈正相关关系(rs=0.943)。高血压检出率接汞组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。低血压两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。接汞组高血压的检出率与工龄呈正相关关系(rs=1)。提示,高汞作业环境对工人心血管系统有损害,应加强汞作业工人心血管系统的检查。     

汞作业工人神经行为功能的研究

对某金矿工人１９９人（对照组１０８人）进行的神经行为功能研究表明：接触组情绪状况得分（除有力－好动一项）和其余各项行为学指标得分均低于对照组。且随接触汞浓度增加，大多数行为功能得分呈递减趋势。在较低汞浓度接触组（平均为０．０１１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）神经行为功能得分明显低于对照组。尿汞含量〈４９．８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的汞作业工人神经行为异常人数明显高于对照组。提示：长期职业接触汞蒸气在未引起明显的临床损害之     

汞对作业工人的影响

长期暴露在高浓度的汞蒸气中,由于唾液分泌引起口腔粘膜屏障功能下降导致汞性龈炎和口腔炎。苏联某医院对479名汞联合企业工人进行了连续三年的动态观察。其中慢性轻度汞中毒18人、汞吸收28人。同时选用495名没有接触汞、作业环境相似的工人为对照。结果发现: 一、龋齿:汞联合企业的所有工人和89％对照组人员发现龋齿。但汞作业工人的损伤指数6,而对照组为2.1。     

某县民办医疗仪器厂汞危害调查

对某县一民办医疗仪器厂汞危害情况调查发现,车间空气汞浓度最高达5mg／m^3,56名汞作业工人尿汞均高于正常值,有33名工人被诊断为汞中毒。所以,应重视乡镇民办企业接汞工人的防护工作。     

铅、汞作业工人血浆脂质过氧化物水平的探讨

本研究从自由基生物学角度,探讨了铅、汞作业工人血浆脂质过氧化物水平的变化,为研究铅、汞中毒机理提供理论依据。调查对象与方法:选某蓄电池厂铅作业工人42人为接铅组,某灯泡厂汞作业工人35人为接汞组,同时选某机械厂非接触尘毒工人25人为对照组。均耳垂采     

电焊工肺功能测试结果

目的通过肺功能测试结果分析,了解电焊烟尘对操作工人肺功能损伤的情况。方法选择某大型机械加工企业236名电焊工为接尘组,以其行政、机关、科室等190名不接尘工人作为对照组,对2组工人肺功能进行检测,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果长期接触电焊烟尘可导致肺通气功能下降,反映小气道功能的指标如V75%、V50%、V25%和MMEF与对照组相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),通气障碍以限制性通气障碍和混合性通气障碍为主。结论接触电焊烟尘的工人肺功能受到损伤,尤以小气道功能受损明显,接尘工人肺功能障碍的发生率高于非接尘工人。     

长期低浓度汞接触工人生化免疫指标的初步观察

为了探讨长期低浓度汞接触工人生化、免疫指标的变化情况,我们对本市某荧光灯厂的64名汞接触工人进行了生化、免疫指标测定,以寻求汞接触工人健康监护的敏感指标。1　材料和方法1.1　调查对象　接汞组64名,为某荧光灯厂的注汞、排气、接脚等工种的工人。1995～1998年车间空气中汞浓度几何均值为0.011(0.002～0.048)mg/m3,样品合格率为85.5%(65/76);对照组选择当地无汞及其它有毒物质接触的某保健品公司职工76名。每个调查对象均经既往史、个人生活史等询问调查,全面体格检查确认无肝胆、心、肺、肾、血液系统、骨骼系统等疾病史。每天吸烟大…     

汞接触工人尿中γ-谷氨酰转移酶活力测定分析

对１２７名汞作业工人尿中γ－谷氨酰转移酶（ＧＧＴＰ）活力进行了测定,并与车间空气汞浓度、尿汞含量、汞作业工龄的关系进行相关分析。结果接汞组尿ＧＧＴＰ活力显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,并与车间空气汞浓度、尿汞含量呈正相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。认为ＧＧＴＰ可作为反映工人现场汞接触的指标之一。     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance.

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

Effects of metallic mercury on the perimenstrual symptoms and menstrual outcomes of exposed workers

BACKGROUND: Mercury is an important environmental and industrial pollutant and its effect on perimenstrual symptoms and menstrual outcomes is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological investigation was conducted on 296 female workers exposed to mercury vapor and 394 female workers from food processing plants. Both groups included women of 18-44 years of age currently working since last at least 1 year when studied. Women who were currently pregnant, using oral contraceptives (Ocs), an intrauterine device (IUD), and steroid hormones were excluded. RESULTS: The air concentration of mercury in the workplace ranged from 0.001-0.200 mg/m(3). The prevalence of abdominal pain in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% CI is 1.03-2.11). The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI is 1.07-2.59). CONCLUSIONS: An increased prevalence of abnormal menstruation was found in mercury-exposed workers in China. Dysmenorrhea may be a useful biomarker for assessing female exposure to mercury occupationally. These observations suggest that further studies and preventive measures are warranted.     

南通市某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清中胆碱酯酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力测定结果

目的了解南通市2011年某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活力测定结果,并分析相关的影响因素。方法对2011年南通市某农药厂485名职工进行职业健康检查,并分析289名有机磷作业人群(暴露组)和196名非暴露人群(对照组)的血清CHE、ALT活力检测结果。结果职业暴露组工人CHE明显低于对照组,ALT活力水平明显高于对照组。职业暴露人群不同工龄组比较:工龄≤1 a组和10 a组CHE活力明显高于1～10 a组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),≤1 a组CHE低于10 a组(P0.01);随着工龄的增长,ALT呈增高趋势,工龄越长,ALT水平越高,各工龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。女性暴露人群CHE和ALT水平均显著低于男性(P0.01和P0.05)。结论有机磷农药作业对职业人群的CHE、ALT影响显著,应引起足够重视,加强防护。     

氟对暴露工人淋巴细胞及免疫应答能力的影响

本文用单克隆抗体技术和酶联免疫吸附试验，对某铝厂连续氟暴露12年以上的工人(38例)进行了外周血T3、T4、Ta、B细胞数和特异性体液免疫应答能力的检测。结果表明，暴露组工人的T3、T4、T2细胞数和特异性抗体的水平与非暴露组(34例)相比，均有不同程度的降低，但B细胞数两组之间无明显差异。提示氟暴露工人免疫功能的检测、对于帮助我们评价氟暴露作业环境的卫生状况，及时发现暴露工人的亚临床损伤，及其工业性氟病的早期诊断均有一定的意义。     

Comparison of renal function and psychomotor performance in workers exposed to elemental mercury

Summary Renal function and psychomotor performance (eye-hand coordination, arm-hand steadiness) of a group of 43 workers exposed to mercury vapor were examined. Their mean age and average duration of exposure to mercury were 38 and 5 years, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained in a matched group of 47 control workers. Increased proteinuria and albuminuria were found slightly more prevalent in the Hg-exposed group than in the control workers. These results are in agreement with those found during a previous study carried out in another group of workers also exposed to elemental mercury (Bucket et al. 1980). The scores of the psychomotor tests were less satisfactory in the Hg workers than in the control workers, the arm-hand steadiness test being more discriminative than the eye-hand coordination test. Preclinical changes in psychomotor function can be detected independently of the presence of signs of renal dysfunction. No clear-cut relationships were found between the prevalence of abnormal psychomotor scores and the level of mercury in blood (HgB) or in urine (HgU). Increased prevalences of abnormal psychomotor scores seem however to occur for HgB between 1 and 2 g/100 ml and for HgU between 50 and 100 g/g creatinine. Therefore, a biologic threshold limit value of 50 g/g creatinine is proposed for urinary mercury to prevent the development of preclinical effects on the central nervous system. A similar critical HgU level based on renal dysfunction prevalences has been suggested in a previous study.This study was supported by a grant from the Commission of the European Communities     

乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响

目的 评价乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,收集乙苯职业接触的基本信息.通过WHO神经行为核心测试组合(NCTB)法,测试对象的个体神经行为功能.结果 接触组和对照组的4项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、困惑)得分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),接触组的积极情绪状态(有力)得分(16.29±8.61)明显低于对照组(18.46±9.52),疲劳得分(9.23±1.27)明显高于对照组(7.16±1.15),(P＜0.05).接触组的平均反应时、数字广度得分明显高于对照组,手提转敏捷度、视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按不同的工龄分段,接触组各工龄段间视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3～、4～和5～年工龄段的5项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳、困惑)得分及平均反应时得分均明显高于0～和2～年工龄段.3～、4～年工龄段的数字广度和3～、4～和5～年工龄段的手提转敏捷度、数字译码得分皆明显低于0～和2～年工龄段,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乙苯可降低接触工人神经行为功能,工人神经行为功能在工龄为3年时发生了明显变化,工龄3年左右工人为乙苯神经行为损害的易感人群.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the influence of ethylbenzene on the neurobehavior of occupationally exposed workers. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and 172 staffs from the offices served as controls. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The nervous behavior and function of workers were evaluated by Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB). Results There were no differences of the scores for four emotional states (tension, depression, angry and bewilderment) between exposure group and control group (P＞0.05). The score of emotion (vigor) in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), but the fatigue score in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The score of mean reaction time in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), the scores of digital span, manual dexterity, visual retention and target tracking in exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05). The exposure group was divided into 5 sub-groups,according to working duration. There were no differences for the scores of visual retention and target tracking among 5 sub-groups (P＞0.05). The scores of five emotional states (tension, depression, angry, fatigue and bewilderment) in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly higher than those in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). The scores of digital span in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～ or 4～ years and the scores of manual dexterity and digital symbol in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 ～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly lower than those in 2 subgroups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ethylbenzene can depress the neurobehavioral functions of exposed workers. The neurobehavioral functions of workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years changed significantly. The workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years may be the susceptible population of neurobehavioral function impairment.     

Mercury exposures and symptoms in smelting workers of artisanal mercury mines in Wuchuan, Guizhou, China

Mercury exposures to smelting workers of artisanal mercury mines in Wuchuan, Guizhou, China were evaluated by urine and hair mercury survey. The mean urinary mercury (U-Hg), hair total mercury (T-Hg), and hair methyl mercury (Me-Hg) for smelting workers was 1060 microg/g creatinine (microg/g Cr), 69.3 and 2.32 microg/g, respectively. The results were significantly higher than that of control group, which is 1.30 microg/g Cr, 0.78 and 0.65 microg/g, correspondingly. The average urinary beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) was 248 microg/g Cr for the exposed group contrasting to 73.5 microg/g Cr for the control group and the data showed a serious adverse effect on renal system for the smelting workers. The workers were exposed to mercury vapor through inhalation, and the exposure route of Me-Hg may be through intake of polluted diet. The results indicate that age, alcohol drinking, and smoking are not crucial factors controlling the urine and hair mercury levels for the exposed and the control group. Clinical symptoms including finger and eyelid tremor, gingivitis, and typical dark-line on gums were observed in six workers. This study indicated that the smelting workers in Wuchuan were seriously exposed to mercury vapor.     

Effects of Occupational Exposure to Mercury or Chlorinated Hydrocarbons on the Auditory Pathway

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of industrial exposure to mercury and chlorinated hydrocarbons (CH) on the auditory pathway. To this effect, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded from 40 workers exposed to mercury, 37 workers exposed to CH and from a control group of 36 subjects that were never exposed to neurotoxic substances. The interpeak latency (IPL) of waves I-III, III-V and I-V were measured. The mean duration of exposure to mercury and CH was 15.5 (+6.4) and 15.8 (+7.2) years respectively. The air sample monitoring of mercury was 0.008 mg/m(3) (0.32 of the Threshold Limit Value - TLV(R) as published by ACGIH 2000). The mean average air sample monitoring was found to be 98 ppm for TCE, 12.7 ppm for PCE and 14.4 ppm for TCA which is respectively between 0.28 - 0.51 of the TLV(R) of CH. The mean blood mercury (B-Hg) levels were found to be 0.5mgr% (+0.3mgr%), which is 0.13 of the upper range of the permitted biologic exposure index (BEI) published by the ACGIH 2000. The mean urine samples levels of trichloroacetic acid were between 0.11-0.2 of the permitted BEI for the CH workers. The percent of workers exposed to mercury and CH workers with abnormal prolongation of IPL I-III was higher than the control group (42.5% and 33.8% vs. 18.0% respectively p<0.02). These results are consistent with other studies and show that ABR may provide a sensitive tool for detecting subclinical central neurotoxicity caused by CH and mercury     

锰烟尘对男工红细胞某些金属元素的影响

目的探讨长期高浓度锰烟尘暴露对男工红细胞金属元素的影响。方法用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定59名接触锰男工和59名对照组男工红细胞Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn和Mg浓度。结果作业环境空气中MnO2平均浓度为0.75 mg/m3(0.19~1.60 mg/m3)时,接锰作业组红细胞Ca含量明显低于对照组,而Mn含量明显高于对照组。分层分析显示,接触锰工龄10a~组红细胞Cu含量明显低于其对照组和接触锰工龄<5a组;接触锰工龄5a~组红细胞Fe含量明显低于其对照组;接触锰工龄<5a组红细胞Ca含量明显低于其对照组及接触锰工龄10a~组;接触锰各工龄组红细胞Mn含量均高于相应的对照组;接触锰工龄<5a组红细胞Mg含量明显高于其对照组。结论长期接触高浓度锰可使男工红细胞Mn含量增高,Ca含量降低。分层分析表明接触锰作业的时间长短对红细胞Mn、Cu、Fe、Ca和Mg含量也有一定的影响,但变动无明显规律性。