雷公藤多甙对大鼠精子凋亡的影响

目的:研究雷公藤多甙(GTW)对大鼠精子凋亡的影响。方法:将SD雄性大鼠16只均分成2组,雷公藤多甙组和羧甲基纤维素钠对照组均为剂量20 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,6周后取大鼠附睾精子测定其凋亡率、膜脂流动性、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量的变化。结果:灌胃6周后,GTW组精子的凋亡率、NO和MDA的含量显著增加(与对照组相比,P<0.01),精子膜脂流动性(P<0.05)和SOD含量(P<0.01)降低。结论:雷公藤多甙可致大鼠精子膜脂质过氧化损伤、膜结构受损以及膜流动性下降,精子凋亡率升高。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠原位肝移植排斥反应的治疗作用

目的：研究雷公藤甙对大鼠肝移植诱导自发耐受过程产生的影响。方法：以SD→Wistar大鼠同种原位肝移植的模型,观察雷公藤多甙对大鼠原位移植肝脏排斥反应强度、浸润细胞变化及细胞凋亡的改变。结果：雷公藤多甙组排斥反应减弱，肝脏内浸润细胞明显减少。雷公藤多甙组肝脏内凋亡细胞记数明显高于单纯肝移植组，并且以间质细胞为主。结论：雷公藤多甙治疗后移植肝脏通过诱导间质中浸润细胞凋亡发挥保护移植脏器的作用，雷公藤甙在大鼠肝移植后近期不仅全面移植了受体的免疫反应状态，而且还加快了免疫耐受状态的诱导。     

雷公藤多甙在大鼠胰、十二指肠移植中的作用

目的 解胰腺移植术后应用雷公藤多甙对移植胰腺功能存活的影响。方法 供体为雄性Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠,受体为雄性ＳＤ大鼠。受体经尾静脉注射链脲霉素５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ制备成糖悄病大鼠模型。胰腺４移植受用全胰腺、十二指肠移植,胰岛素回流采用门腔静脉吻合的体循环回流,外分泌胰液采用 受体十二指肠间侧侧吻合的肠引流法。血管吻合采用显微外科技术。胰腺移植术后开始每隔采用供受体十二指肠间侧侧吻合的肠引流法。血管吻合采用显     

口服雷公藤多甙治疗银屑病的观察与护理

口服雷公藤多甙治疗银屑病的观察与护理湖南省灰汤疗养院王定池银屑病是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病。雷公藤具有抗炎抗免疫等作用，治疗银屑病有较好的疗效，使用得当，能延缓复发［１］。我院１９８８年至１９９２年５月采用口服雷公藤多甙加矿泉水浸浴，并外擦少量皮质...     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠支持细胞功能的影响

大鼠灌乳抗生育剂量的雷公藤多甙（ＧＴＷ）并不影响血清中抑制素水平，但用体外培养大鼠曲细精管方法观察不同剂量的ＧＴＷ对支持细胞功能的影响，发现低剂量ＧＴＷ并不影响支持细胞合成与分泌抑制素功能，也不影响其对ＦＳＨ的应激反应，但大剂量ＧＴＷ可明显抑制支持细胞的基础化与应激反应。因此，认为大剂量的ＧＴＷ对细胞有明显的毒性作用。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠支持细胞功能的影响

大鼠灌服抗生育剂量的雷公藤多甙（ＧＴＷ）并不影响血清中抑制素水平，但用体外培养大鼠曲细精管方法观察不同剂量的ＧＴＷ对支持细胞功能的影响，发现低剂量ＧＴＷ并不影响支持细胞合成与分泌抑制素功能，也不影响其对ＦＳＨ的应激反应，但大剂量ＧＴＷ可明显抑制支持细胞的基础分化与应激反应。因此，认为大剂量的ＧＴＷ对细胞有明显的毒性作用。     

雷公藤多甙对急性坏死性胰腺炎免疫调节作用的实验研究

目的 探讨雷公藤多甙对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎（ＡＮＰ）的免疫调节作用。方法 将６０只牛磺胆酸钠诱导的ＡＮＰ大鼠分成不治疗组、雷公藤多甙组和橄榄油对照组共３组，另取６只下沉大鼠作为对照组。每组分别在术后６和１２ｈ各处死６只大鼠取血，测淀粉酶、内毒素、ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－１水平，观察胰腺组织的病理变化。结果 雷公藤组有３只动物生存３ｄ以上，不治疗组及橄缆油对照组大鼠３ｄ内全部死亡。不治疗组与雷公藤组１２ｈ     

雷公藤多甙联合环孢素对小鼠小肠移植抗排斥作用的研究

目的：研究雷公藤多甙对实验性小鼠小肠移植的抗排斥作用。方法：以Balb/c小鼠作为供体，C57BL/6小鼠为受体，建立同种异位小肠移植模型。将受体分为5组，各组样本数为12只：1组，无处理（对照组）；2组，单独使用雷公藤多甙10mg/(kg.d）；3组，小剂量CsA10mg/(kg.d）；4组，联合应用雷公藤多甙与小剂量CsA；5组，大剂量CsA20mg/(kg.d)。每组抽取6只于术后5d处死，切除移植物进行组织学检查，其余动物分别观察受体及移植物的生存期。结果：单独使用雷公藤多甙不能抑制小鼠小肠移植的排斥反应，联合应用雷公藤多甙及环孢素（CsA)可使移植物生存期明显延长。结论：雷公藤多甙与CsA协同对小鼠小肠移植的移植物有保护作用。     

雷公藤在免疫性疾病治疗中副作用的观察

目的：调查雷公藤多甙的副作用,以指导临床用药。方法：收集雷公藤多甙治疗免疫性疾病111例,分析副作用的发生情况及可能机制,并提出防治措施。结果：雷公藤多甙可引起程度不同的头痛头晕、白细胞减少和性腺抑制等作用。经调整方案和相应处理,多能恢复。结论：雷公藤多甙应用中应注意药物副作用及易发生因素,调节剂量、疗程以提高疗效和减少副作用。     

雷公藤多甙抑制大鼠精子发生的研究

目的探讨雷公藤多甙对大鼠精子发生的抑制作用及其可能的信号通路。方法成年雄性大鼠给予雷公藤多甙(16 mg/kg)灌胃,每日1次,在2及6周检测血清睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和可的松水平;光镜观察睾丸组织的形态学变化;原位末端标记法(TUNEL)观察睾丸生精细胞凋亡;免疫组织化学法观察凋亡通路相关蛋白Bax/Bcl-2的表达。结果给药组与对照组相比,性激素、肾上腺皮质激素均无显著变化(P均>0.05);给药2周后精子数下降和畸形率上升(P<0.05),给药4和6周精子数下降和畸形率升高更显著(P<0.001);组织学检查给药组大鼠生精小管内各级精母细胞和精子细胞数明显减少,生精细胞排列紊乱,原始精原细胞和支持细胞(Sertoli细胞)未见明显改变。与正常对照组相比,生精小管内生精细胞凋亡显著增加(2周P<0.05,4和6周P<0.001)。凋亡相关蛋白Bax表达明显上调,Bcl-2表达无显著差异。结论雷公藤对大鼠精子发生的抑制作用表现为增加生精细胞凋亡,导致精子计数下降,精子的畸形率升高。雷公藤多甙使睾丸Bax表达增加,与诱导生精细胞凋亡相关,可能是相关的信号通路之一。进一步研究雷公藤多甙作用的分子信号机制有助于今后降低剂量、减少毒副作用,探讨其作为一种安全的男性避孕药可能性。     

Strontium fructose 1, 6‐diphosphate alleviate cyclophosphamide‐induced oligozoospermia by improving antioxidant and inhibiting testicular apoptosis via FAS/FASL pathway

This study investigated the treatment effects of a new compound, strontium fructose 1, 6‐diphosphate (FDP‐Sr), in cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced oligozoospermia. FDP‐Sr, with extra high‐energy supply, could reverse male hypogonadism in the testis. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (vehicle treated), CP group and CP + FDP‐Sr group. Both CP group and CP + FDP‐Sr groups were orally administered CP (20 mg kg^?1) consecutively for the first 7 days to establish CP‐induced testicular toxic models. Subsequently, CP group was given orally distilled water per day, whereas CP + FDP‐Sr group was received FDP‐Sr (200 mg kg^?1) for 49 days. Compared to the CP group, the FDP‐Sr group showed significantly increased levels of serum testosterone, testis relative weights and epididymal sperm counts in rats. In addition, rats treated by FDP‐Sr showed the recuperative activities of testicular marker enzymes and normalised levels of antioxidants in tissue. Testicular protection of FDP‐Sr was further demonstrated by enhancing expression of P450scc, reducing ability of FAS/FASL and generating cytoprotection in the histopathological study. FDP‐Sr appeared to possess an ability to attenuate CP‐induced reproduction toxicity via the activation of antioxidants and steroidogenesis enzymes, and alleviate oligozoospermia via inhibition of testicular apoptosis by FAS/FASL pathway.     

雷公藤多苷治疗特发性膜性肾病有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的评价雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of tripterygium wilfordii,GTW)治疗特发性膜性肾病(idiopathic membranous nephropathy,IMN)的有效性及安全性。方法检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库,纳入GTW治疗IMN的随机对照试验,筛选文献、提取资料和评价研究质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析,观察治疗后第6、12个月时蛋白尿缓解率、复发率,血白蛋白(Albumin,Alb)、血肌酐(SCr)水平及不良反应。结果共纳入6项研究,886例患者,随访第6个月时,GTW亚组总缓解率优于对照组(P0.05);随访第12个月时,GTW亚组总缓解率与完全缓解率均优于对照组(P0.05)。随访第6、12个月时,GTW联合钙调神经抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor,CNI)亚组与CNI亚组缓解率相当(P0.05),GTM亚组与CNI亚组缓解率相当(P0.05),GTW与CNI比较完全缓解率及总缓解率疗效相当(P0.05),然而GTW组复发率低于对照组(P0.05);GTW组治疗后Alb上升(P0.05),SCr稳定(P0.05);与对照组比较,SCr与Alb变化无统计学差异(P0.05);GTW亚组肝酶升高及月经紊乱的发生率偏高。结论 24 h尿蛋白定量4.0 g的IMN,单用GTW治疗有效,但起效较慢;24 h尿蛋白定量3.5 g时,GTW与CNI的临床缓解率相当,但复发率较低,GTW联合CNI治疗,可相应减少CNI用量,但需注意GTW治疗可能导致肝功能损害,育龄期妇女慎用。     

Pedigree analysis of two brothers with severe oligozoospermia caused by maternal inv(X) (p22.3, q22) chromosome abnormality

Sex chromosome abnormality (SCA) is one of the major causes of male spermatogenesis dysfunction. In our study, we sought to investigate the novel X chromosome inversion leading to severe oligozoospermia. Here, we report two brothers with severe oligozoospermia without any other abnormal clinical phenotype. The chromosome karyotypes in peripheral blood of both brothers were 46, Y, inv (X) (p22.3, q22), and no Y chromosome microdeletion was found. The karyotype of their mother was 46, X, inv (X) (p22.3, q22) and that of their father was 46, XY. This is the first report in China that X chromosomal inversion, 46, Y, inv (X) (p22.3, q22), is associated with severe oligozoospermia. This inversion may be a direct genetic risk factor for spermatogenesis.     

Analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the relationship between gonosomic aneuploidy and the results of assisted reproduction in men with severe oligozoospermia

The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of sex-chromosomal aneuploidy in human spermatozoa of severe oligozoospermic men undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), to evaluate the impact of these chromosomal anomalies on the results of the ICSI. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with direct label fluorescence DNA probes specific for chromosome X, Y and 18 was performed on decondensed spermatozoa from fresh ejaculates of 12 patients with severe oligozoospermia undergoing ICSI. A total of 500 spermatozoa were analysed per donor. The rate of gonosomal aneuploidy was significantly increased in the patients compared with normal donors (3.5% and 0.8% respectively). The sex-chromosomal anomalies due to meiosis I (XY) are less important than the anomalies caused by meiosis II (XX or XY), but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between the rate of aneuploidy and the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology (r = -0.71; P < 0.05). The correlation was negative between the percentage of gonosomic aneuploidy and the rate of fertilization (r = -0.7; P < 0.001). Our results suggest an increased rate of gonosomic aneuploidy in the patients with oligozoospermia compared with the normal population. This aneuploidy, although it decreases the rate of fertilization, does not seem to affect the rate of cleavage, nor the embryonic quality.     

Effect of cyclosporine on carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-Methyl-N′-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine

Cyclosporine administration has been associated with the development of lymphomas in human transplant patients as well as animals. Its effect on the genesis of common epithelial carcinomas is unknown. To investigate this N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was administered in drinking water to Wistar rats. Seventy-five young healthy male animals were divided into six groups and received cyclosporine alone, cyclosporine followed by MNNG, MNNG alone, cyclosporine during MNNG administration, MNNG followed by cyclosporine, and no treatment. Cyclosporine seemed to have minimal overall health effects and no cancers were encountered in the group receiving this agent alone. Animals in all carcinogen-treated groups developed gastric and upper intestinal carcinomas by Week 39. No statistically significant differences among carcinogen-treated groups were evident with respect to tumor incidence, histology, or distribution. There appeared to be trends (not statistically significant) toward a greater incidence of small bowel carcinomas in animals receiving cyclosporine plus MNNG as compared to those receiving MNNG alone; greater multiplicity of small intestinal carcinomas in animals receiving cyclosporine after MNNG as compared to all other groups; and greater incidence of small bowel tumors > 1 cm³ in animals receiving cyclosporine after MNNG as compared to all other groups. The median total tumor volume in the animals receiving cyclosporine following carcinogen was significantly greater than in any other group. This study does not support a policy of aggressive surveillance for gastrointestinal carcinoma in the human population receiving cyclosporine.