膀胱全切不同尿流改道术后生活质量评估分析

目的:评估膀胱全切术后4种常见尿流改道术患者的生活质量(HRQOL)差异情况,为尿流改道术式的选择提供临床依据。方法:回顾性分析我院1995年1月~2009年6月共101例膀胱癌患者行全膀胱切除后尿流改道术的临床资料,即原位回肠新膀胱术(IN)28例、原位乙状结肠膀胱术(SN)22例、输尿管皮肤造口术(CU)20例、回肠膀胱术(IC)31例。IN和SN采用原位膀胱重建,属新膀胱组(NB)。用膀胱癌患者生活质量量表(FACT-BL)和国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)作为调查工具,比较分析生活质量及排尿功能变化情况。结果:成功随访78例。4组尿流改道术式在男性人数、年龄、文化程度、城镇人数等方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而NB组手术时间及术后住院天数明显长于经皮肤尿流改道组(CU和IC)。4组尿流改道HRQOL差异未见统计学意义,但FACT-BL躯体功能得分NB组高于CU组及IC组(P0.05)。结论:4组膀胱全切尿流改道术后总体生活质量相当,但原位新膀胱在躯体形象恢复方面优于不可控性经皮肤尿流改道术。     

根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌效果比较

目的比较根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果。方法选取2015-01—2018-07间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受根治性膀胱切除术的100例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。按照不同代膀胱术式分为2组,原位新膀胱术组患者55例,回肠膀胱术组45例。比较2组的治疗效果。结果回肠原位新膀胱术组的术中出血量及术后恢复排便时间、胃管保留时间、并发症总发生率、住院时间均低于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术前2组患者的最大尿流率、膀胱容积、充盈期膀胱压力、最大尿道压、残余尿量差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后上述尿流动力学指标均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。回肠原位新膀胱组术后生活质量评分高于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌,均有良好效果。但前者术后胃肠道功能恢复较快,并发症总发生率较低,生活质量较高。可作为治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的首选术式。     

原位回肠新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术术后生活质量FACT-B1随访表比较观察

目的探讨原位回肠新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术两种尿流改道术后患者生活质量FACT-B1评分表比较随访观察。方法回顾分析59例行根治性全膀胱切除术＋尿流改道的膀胱癌患者,其中30例行原位回肠新膀胱术,29例行回肠膀胱术,术后6个月均获得随访并完成FACT-B1问卷,对数据进行统计学分析。结果原位回肠新膀胱术组与回肠代膀胱术组在平均身体健康评分（13．3：14．1）、社交指数评分（18．9：17．6）、情感健康指数评分（16．5：15．4）、功能健康指数（9．7：10．2）,两组差别均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术都是目前较好的膀胱全切术后尿流改道方式,术后患者能取得满意的生活质量,应根据患者的个体情况及意愿选择合适的手术方式。     

腹腔镜及开放根治性膀胱全切-回肠原位新膀胱术的比较及应用体会

根治性膀胱全切-尿流改道以及双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫术(open radical cystectomy,ORC)是治疗器官局限性肌层浸润性膀胱癌的金标准,对于高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌也可选择此方法[1]。常用的尿流改道方式可分为不可控性及可控性尿流改道,这两种方法分别以回肠膀胱术以及原位新膀胱术为代表。文献报道显示,与目前国内较为常用的回肠膀胱术相比,原位新膀胱术在术后生活质量评分、     

回肠代膀胱术和乙状结肠直肠膀胱术在尿流改道术中临床应用效果比较

目的 比较回肠代膀胱术和乙状结肠直肠膀胱术在尿流改道术中的临床应用效果.方法 选择我院2003年至2009年行尿流改道手术患者71例,33例实施回肠代膀胱术,38例实施乙状结肠直肠膀胱术.记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量;记录两组患者贮尿囊容量;观察两组患者术后6个月主要并发症(主要包括尿失禁、代谢性酸中毒、输尿管返流)发生情况.结果 ①两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组贮尿囊容量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②两组患者尿失禁发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组代谢性酸中毒、输尿管返流发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 回肠代膀胱符合生理排尿特点,患者易接受.但是其手术适应范围较小,尿失禁发生率较高.而乙状结肠直肠膀胱术手术过程相对简单,手术适应范围广,尿失禁发生率低.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠代膀胱术32例临床分析

目的 总结腹腔镜下根治性膀胱术加原位回肠代膀胱术的临床经验.方法 2005年5月至2012年5月对32例膀胱癌患者采用腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱切除术＋原位回肠代膀胱术.结果 全部患者术后随访4 ～60个月,平均34个月,均原位排尿,未发生水、电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱,肾功能正常,无肾积水及输尿管扩张.结论 腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱切除,创伤较小、术野清晰、操作方便、淋巴清扫彻底.原位回肠代膀胱通过负压和尿道的协同作用,可实现原位排尿,发生尿路损害及电解质紊乱的概率低,不失为膀胱根治性切除后尿流改道的较好方法.     

膀胱全切原位回肠新膀胱与回肠膀胱术对患者生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的 通过系统评价比较原位回肠新膀胱(IONB)与回肠膀胱术(IC)对患者术后生活质量的影响。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方和维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Medline、Embase、The Cochrane Library从2005年1月至2018年4月,采用国际公认生命质量量表对IONB与IC患者进行术后生命质量比较的研究。结果 共纳入12篇对照研究,共1207例患者,涉及5种量表：特异性量表（FACT-BL、EORTC QLQ-C30、EORTC QLQBLM30、BCI）,通用性量表（SF-36）。Meta分析结果显示：IONB患者的总体生活质量优于IC,差异有统计学意义（SMD=0.27,95%CI：0.13～0.41,P=0.0002）。进一步比较膀胱癌特异性量表维度评分,FACT-BL量表：IONB躯体功能（P=0.0007）及功能状况（P=0.04）方面优于IC,情感状况、社会/家庭状况以及膀胱癌特异性模块方面的差异均无统计学意义;EORTC QLQBLM30量表：IONB与IC在未来期望,身体形象,腹胀三者的差异均无统计学意义;BCI量表：在泌尿功能的差异有统计学意义（P=0.0005）,IC优于IONB,二者在泌尿烦恼的差异无统计学意义。癌症特异性量表维度评分,EORTC QLQ-C30 量表：认知功能方面IONB优于IC（P=0.03）,在躯体功能、角色功能、情感功能、社会功能、总体生活质量四者的差异均无统计学意义。通用性量表SF-36：生理功能的差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）,IONB优于IC,但一般健康状况、躯体角色、情感角色、肌体疼痛、心理健康、精力状态、社会功能的差异均无统计学意义,IONB并不优于IC。结论 根据非随机对照证据,膀胱癌根治性全切行IONB较IC术后对患者生活质量的影响有一定优势。     

原位回肠和乙状结肠尿流改道术临床疗效比较

目的比较原位回肠和乙状结肠尿流改道术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1995 -2005年行膀胱癌术后原位回肠尿流改道术96例,乙状结肠尿流改道术68例的患者资料。比较分析2组患者术中术后一般情况、控尿能力、尿动力学结果以及术后储尿囊相关并发症。结果164例患者失访12例(7．3%)。平均随访时间回肠组46(2～86)个月,乙状结肠组42(4～78)个月。2种术式术中失血量、术后控尿效果接近(P＞0．05),但2组手术时间(6．0±0．8 h vs 5．2±0．6 h),术后下床时间(7．8±0．8 d vs 6．4±1．0 d),新膀胱容量(550．0±122．5 ml vs 420．0±80．6 ml)等方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。原位回肠尿流改道组术后早期及晚期储尿囊相关并发症发生率分别为16．7%、29．2%,均高于乙状结肠组。原位回肠尿流改道组术后储尿囊再发肿瘤3例,乙状结肠组未见发生。结论两种术式术后疗效均良好。原位乙状结肠尿流改道术耗时短、恢复快、术后并发症发生率低,值得优先采用。     

原位回肠新膀胱术15 例临床报告

目的 探讨膀胱全切除术后原位M形回肠新膀胱的疗效.方法 膀胱恶性肿瘤患者15例行膀胱全切除术,采用M形原位回肠新膀胱术进行尿流改道.结果 围手术期无1例死亡,随访3-20个月(平均12.4个月).膀胱容量(340±23.71)mL(210-430 mL),膀胱充盈压为(20.12±0.64)cmH2O(13.50-33.91 cmH2O),排尿膀胱压为(77.02±12.11)cmH2O(53.21-87.09 cmH2O),残余尿(15.43±34.33)mL(3-88 mL),最大尿流率(18.16±5.60)mL/s(11.38-19.17 mL/s).无明显输尿管梗阻及返流.未发现尿道残端复发肿瘤.无排尿困难者,白天均可控制排尿;术后大于6个月者无夜间遗尿,术后半年15例复查B 超无肾积水表现,复查生化指标,肾功能电解质在正常范围内,1例术前肾积水及肾功能异常者术后为正常.结论 原位回肠新膀胱术是较理想的膀胱全切术后的尿流改道方式.     

改良回肠原位膀胱术25例体会

目的探讨改良回肠替代原位膀胱尿路重建术治疗膀胱癌T2a～T3aN0M0期的临床效果. 方法将25例T2a～T3aN0M0期膀胱癌行膀胱全切后,以回肠代膀胱原位尿道吻合. 结果手术时间平均(180±40)min.无严重并发症,无围手术期和术后早期死亡.术后平均随访16(6～48)个月,无复发.术后早期漏尿1例,经引流后治愈;15例发生轻度尿失禁,均恢复尿道排尿.膀胱容量平均(450±100)ml,剩余尿量平均(15±10)ml.2例出现高氯血症. 结论改良回肠原位膀胱术治疗T2a～T3aN0M0期膀胱癌效果好,提高了患者术后的生活质量.     

Health-related quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comparison of ileal conduit and orthotopic bladder replacement

OBJECTIVE: To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after radical cystectomy in patients with an ileal conduit or an orthotopic neobladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 85 men who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, comprising 48 with an orthotopic neobladder (26 with an ileal and 22 with a colon neobladder) and 37 with an ileal conduit. HRQoL was evaluated using the Short Form-36 survey containing 36 questions assessing eight aspects, including physical functioning, role-physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional functioning and mental health. RESULTS: The mean follow-up periods for patients with a neobladder (ileal and sigmoid) and with an ileal conduit was 45.9 (38.2 and 53.1, respectively) and 130.9 months, respectively. Scale scores were not affected by the duration of follow-up in either group. There was no significant difference in any scale scores between the neobladder and ileal conduit groups. However, general health and social functioning in both the neobladder and ileal conduit groups appeared to be significantly lower than those in the general population in the USA. Furthermore, patients with a colon neobladder had a significantly higher score for role-emotional functioning than those with an ileal neobladder, while there was no significant difference in the remaining seven scores between patients with ileal and colon neobladders. CONCLUSIONS: Six of the eight scales of HRQoL were favourable in both patients with a neobladder or an ileal conduit, and there was no significant difference between these groups. In addition, the HRQoL of patients with an orthotopic neobladder (except for role-emotional functioning) was unaffected by the segment of the intestine used for neobladder construction. Therefore, patients with both types of urinary diversion were generally satisfied with their overall health and quality of life.     

Quality of life after cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder versus ileal conduit urinary diversion

The impact of bladder removal and urinary diversion for patients' everyday life is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to compare subjective morbidity of ileal neobladder to the urethra versus ileal conduit urinary diversion and to elucidate its influence on quality of life. A total of 102 patients who underwent cystectomy due to a bladder malignancy were included in the study. In 69 patients (67.6%) an orthotopic neobladder and in 33 patients (32.4%) an ileal conduit was performed as urinary diversion. The compliance was 99% and mean follow-up was 37 months. All patients completed two retrospective quality of life questionnaires, namely the QLQ-C30 and a questionnaire developed at our institution to ask for urinary diversion specific items. The questioning and assessment was performed by non-urologists. The results obtained from the validated (QLQ-C30) and our own specially compiled questionnaire clearly demonstrate that patients with an orthotopic neobladder are more able to adapt to the new situation than patients with an ileal conduit. In addition, neobladder to the urethra improves the quality of life because it improves self-confidence, causes better rehabilitation as well as the restoration of leisure, professional, travelling, and social activities, and reduced risk of inadvertent loss of urine. For example, 92.8% of neobladder patients did not feel handicapped at all, and 87% did not feel sick or ill, in contrast to 51.5% and 66.7% of ileal conduit patients, respectively. Of the neobladder patients, 74.6% felt absolutely safe with the urinary diversion in contrast to 33.3% in the ileal conduit group. Only 1.5% of neobladder patients had wet clothes caused by urine leakage during the day, versus 48.5% of ileal conduit patients. Moreover, 97% of our neobladder patients would recommend the same urinary diversion to a friend suffering from the same disease, but only 36% of ileal conduit patients would do so. These results demonstrate that the quality of life is preserved to a higher degree after orthotopic neobladder than after ileal conduit urinary diversion.     

Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion after ileal neobladder replacement

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether orthotopic neobladder replacement using either ileum or colon segments results in increased oxidative stress, by measuring urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), one of the most commonly used markers for evaluating oxidative DNA damage. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Urinary levels of 8-OHdG and creatinine, urine analysis, nutritional status, and acid-base and electrolyte balances, were assessed in 22 patients with an ileal neobladder, 28 with a colon neobladder, 37 with an ileal conduit and 22 healthy volunteers. The results from both types of orthotopic neobladder, the ileal conduit and in the healthy controls were compared. RESULTS: The mean (sd) ratios of urinary 8-OHdG to urinary creatinine in patients with an ileal neobladder, colon neobladder, ileal conduit and in controls were 20.4 (7.8), 15.2 (4.3), 15.9 (5.1) and 15.2 (5.4) ng/mg, respectively. The urinary 8-OHdG ratio in the first group was significantly higher than in the other three groups. Among patients with a neobladder, the urinary 8-OHdG ratio was closely associated with the degree of pyuria, but not age, gender, the interval from surgery, body weight, height, serum creatinine or the degree of metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that creating an ileal neobladder caused significantly greater oxidative stress than a colon neobladder, ileal conduit, or that in healthy controls. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct a careful long-term follow-up considering the possible development of malignant disease after urinary diversion, especially by an ileal neobladder.     

Health related quality of life assessment after radical cystectomy: comparison of ileal conduit with continent orthotopic neobladder

PURPOSE: Health related quality of life after urinary diversion has been increasingly recognized as an important outcome measure. However, few studies have directly compared patients with an ileal conduit with those with a continent orthotopic neobladder and even fewer have used validated quality of life instruments. Therefore, we compared health related quality of life in patients who underwent neobladder versus ileal conduit creation using validated questionnaires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We mailed 2 validated questionnaires that are measures of health related quality of life, namely the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), to patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma between January 1995 and December 1999. Statistical analysis was performed, including univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 112 patients were available for assessment. A total of 72 (64%) questionnaires were returned, including 23 (32%) and 49 (68%) from patients with an ileal conduit and neobladder, respectively. On the SF-36 questionnaire there were significant univariable relationships between treatment and age (p <0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Younger patients and those with a neobladder had higher health related quality of life scores, including significant differences in 5 of the 9 SF-36 domains (general health, physical functioning, physical health, social functioning and energy/fatigue). There was no relationship between health related quality of life and the final pathological stage (p = 0.25). On multivariate analysis adjusting for age led to a suggestive but nonsignificant difference in health related quality of life scores favoring neobladders (p = 0.09). On the FACT-G there were no significant differences in health related quality of life due to treatment (p = 0.28), pathological stage (p = 0.5), age (p = 0.72) or current disease status (p = 0.27). On the FACT-G 2 of the 4 domains (emotional and functional well-being) were significantly in favor of neobladders. Overall satisfaction was high in the 2 groups with 96% and 85% of patients with a neobladder and ileal conduit, respectively, reporting that they would make the same choice of diversion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on validated health related quality of life instruments these findings suggest that patients with an orthotopic neobladder have marginal quality of life advantages over those with an ileal conduit. However, differences in health related quality of life in the 2 types of urinary diversion are confounded by age since patients who underwent orthotopic diversion were younger and as a result of age would be expected to have a higher health related quality of life score. A prospective longitudinal study of health related quality of life after adjusting for differences in age among patients undergoing urinary diversion is currently underway to extend further these observations.     

Urinary undiversion; Bricker to Studer. With regard of two cases

We present two cases of urinary undiversion from an ileal loop (Bricker) to an orthotopic neobladder. Due to miss adaptation to the stoma, two patients demanded reconversion to a continent urinary diversion. We proceed to change their urinary diversion to an ileal neobladder (Studer), one by open surgery and the other by laparoscopic surgery. In both cases immediate postoperative went uneventful. Both patients are continent, satisfied with their new situation, and without metabolic complications. Urinary undiversion from an ileal conduit to an orthotopic neobladder is technically feasible by open or laparoscopic surgery. It is a valid alternative for patients with complications due to their urinary diversion or miss adaptation to the cutaneous stoma.     

Case report: Laparoscopy-assisted urinary undiversion: transforming an ileal conduit into an orthotopic continent neobladder

PURPOSE: To describe the technique of laparoscopy-assisted undiversion of an ileal conduit into a continent orthotopic ileal neobladder performed on a patient with a previous radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal conduit. CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old man presented with a prolapsed stoma and a history of a right radical nephroureterectomy for grade 3 ureteral transitional-cell carcinoma and a radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion for in-situ bladder carcinoma, performed 12 and 8 years ago, respectively. After the ileal stoma was resected, five trocars were placed transperitoneally. Partial resection of the distal ileal conduit was performed, leaving in place the proximal segment with its left ureteroileal anastomosis. Flexible urethroscopy revealed a contracting external sphincter, and random urethral frozen-section biopsies ruled out tumor. A 45-cm segment of ileum was isolated and exteriorized through the stoma site, and an ileal neobladder was created extracorporeally, suturing the proximal ileal-conduit segment, with its ureteroileal anastomosis, to it. The ileal neobladder was reintroduced into the abdomen and anastomosed laparoscopically to the urethral stump with six 2-0 polyglactin sutures. The total operative time was 7 hours with a blood loss of 100 mL. There were no intraoperative complications. The hospital stay was 7 days. At a follow-up of 24 months, the patient had total daytime continence and normal renal function, and intravenous urography revealed an unobstructed urinary tract. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy-assisted ileal-conduit undiversion into an orthotopic ileal neobladder is technically feasible. It can be considered an alternative to open surgery for patients who have undergone urinary diversion.     

Continent urinary reconstruction versus ileal conduit: a contemporary single-institution comparison of perioperative morbidity and mortality

OBJECTIVES: To compare postoperative morbidity and mortality in a concurrent and contemporary series of patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit versus orthotopic neobladder. METHODS: The data of 198 patients were reviewed, 117 with orthotopic reconstruction and 81 with ileal conduit during a 5-year time frame. Thirty-day morbidity, mortality, reoperative rates, and parameters associated with the surgical procedures were obtained from chart review. RESULTS: No perioperative or postoperative deaths occurred in either group. The median operative time for the ileal conduit was 201 minutes (range 140 to 373), and for the orthotopic neobladder, it was 270 minutes (range 230 to 425). The median blood loss was 389 and 474 mL, respectively. The median length of hospitalization was 8 days for the ileal conduit group and 7 days for the orthotopic neobladder group. Diversion-related complications recognized within 30 days that ultimately required a return to the operating room occurred in 3.4% of those with a neobladder and 1.2% of those with an ileal conduit. CONCLUSIONS: The orthotopic neobladder is a longer and technically more complex procedure than the ileal conduit procedure. However, no demonstrable difference in morbidity or perioperative complications were found between the two procedures in our review.     

A pilot study of the assessment of the quality of life, functional results, and complications in patients with an ileal neobladder for invasive bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional results, health-related quality of life (QOL) outcomes, and complications in patients with an ileal neobladder in comparison to those with cutaneous diversion (ileal conduit and cutaneostomy). METHODS: Between September 1992 and February 2003, we consecutively performed an ileal neobladder (the Studer method) in 30 patients and cutaneous diversion in 38 patients. In August 2004, questionnaires were mailed to 54 patients. The questionnaire included the validated health-related quality of life (QOL) questionnaire, SF-36 General Health Survey, and a urinary incontinence questionnaire. We also evaluated the functional results in patients with an ileal neobladder and the postoperative complications in patients with both urinary diversions. RESULTS: The data from 41 patients (21 ileal neobladder procedures and 20 cutaneous diversions) were available for the analysis. No differences in the overall QOL were observed between the two groups. Complete daytime and night-time urinary continence was achieved in the 21 patients (100%) and 13 patients (61.9%), respectively. The mean value of the maximum flow rate was 15 +/- 12 mL/min in the 21 neobladder patients. There were 19 early complications in 18 patients (60.0%) and seven late complications in six patients (20.0%) with an ileal neobladder. However, there were 15 early complications in 14 patients (36.8%) and eight late complications in six patients (15.8%) with cutaneous diversions. CONCLUSION: The findings regarding the health-related QOL and the frequency of complications in the neobladder group and those in the cutaneous diversion group were similar. However, the functional results and the status of urinary continence in the neobladder patients were satisfactory.