软性膀胱镜下铥激光切除治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌18例分析

目的 评价软性膀胱镜下铥激光切除治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效及安全性.方法 本组18例,均经病理证实为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌, 共有肿瘤22枚,直径平均1.5 cm(0.5～3.0 cm).所有患者均在喉罩麻醉下行软性膀胱镜下铥激光肿瘤切除.术后常规丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗,定期行膀胱镜检查.结果 18例患者全获随访,平均随访1年(3～18个月),平均手术时间30 min(20～40 min),术中无膀胱穿孔等并发症;4例多发肿瘤患者术后需膀胱冲洗;所有患者均获得肿瘤分期;无尿道狭窄;复发3例,包括异位复发2例,原位复发1例.结论 软性膀胱镜下铥激光切除治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌具有损伤小、无手术盲区、无闭孔神经反射,切割精确等优点,可作为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的有效治疗方式之一,尤其适合一些特殊情况下的经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术.缺点是对于体积较小的肿瘤难以获得术后病理.     

经尿道内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的手术配合体会

<正>目前,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术是非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤的主要治疗手段,然而术后肿瘤的高复发率一直是临床关注的焦点。肿瘤的复发可能与肿瘤细胞的种植或原发肿瘤不能完整切除有关[1]。2014年3月至2014年9月我院泌尿外科利用海博刀行膀胱肿瘤内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection of bladder tumor,BT-ESD)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,旨在研究其安全性、有效性,经手术     

经尿道2μm激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨采用RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法采用2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌86例,其中单发肿瘤49例,多发肿瘤37例,肿瘤直径0.4～3.0cm,术前病理均提示低级别尿路上皮癌。术后6h膀胱内灌注化疗药物。结果全部手术均成功,手术时间10～45min,平均20min,术中出血极少,无闭孔神经反射及膀胱穿孔、尿外渗,无水中毒。尿管留置5～8d,平均6d。术后82例获随访4～26个月,仅5例(6.1%)非原手术区复发。结论 RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是有效和安全的,术中、术后并发症少,术后复发率低,但对其长远疗效还需进一步观察。     

2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤疗效分析

目的：探讨2μ激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的临床效果。方法：应用2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者35例,激光功率30～50W。术后配合化疗药物或卡介苗行膀胱灌注治疗,观察其疗效。结果：肿瘤完整切除,操作时间15～60min,平均30min。术后所有患者均得到随访,随访时间3～8个月,无复发。结论：2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤出血少、创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效可靠。     

钬激光技术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效分析

目的 评价经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤（non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析167例分别行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术（78例）与 经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术（transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT）（89例）的 NMIBC 患者的临床资料,比较手术时间、术中闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔发生率及术后复发率等指标。结果 钬激光组手术时间与电切镜组无明显差异（P＞0.05）;术中闭孔神经反射率、膀胱穿孔发生率、术后出血发生率等方面钬激光组明显少于电切镜组（P<0.05）;两组患者术后复发率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 钬激光在治疗 NMIBTC方面同电切一样疗效确切,但钬激光手术方法易于掌握、安全性高且并发症少。值得临床可合理选择运用。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤1470 nm激光整块切除术临床应用初步探讨

目的 探讨1 470 nm激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效及安全性. 方法 2014年5月至2016年11月间,我院采用1 470 nm激光治疗9例非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,观察其疗效和安全性. 结果 9例手术均顺利完成,无严重手术并发症,术后短期随访无原位复发病例. 结论 1 470 nm激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤安全可行.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的外科治疗选择

目前非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的治疗以手术治疗为主,术后辅助规律膀胱灌注化疗。经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)是治疗NMIBC的标准手术方式,但存在闭孔神经反射、癌组织残余率高、病理分期不准确、复发率高等问题。随着泌尿外科微创技术及设备不断发展,本文综合了文献报道和临床治疗体会,详细分析目前临床上NMIBC的外科治疗选择。     

经尿道钬激光整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效分析

目的:比较经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光整块切除术(HOL-ERBT)与传统经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析接受HOL-ERBT的85例NMIBC患者和同期接受TURBT的62例NMIBC患者的临床资料。比较两组手术时间、病理肌层检出率、手术并发症、肿瘤复发率等指标。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤多发性和肿瘤分级比较差异无统计学意义。HOL-ERBT组和TURBT组患者的手术时间分别为(48.92±5.89) min和(51.00±7.17) min,膀胱穿孔率分别为8.24%和8.06%,创缘外复发率分别为3.53%和3.22%,肿瘤进展率分别为5.88%和3.23%,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组病理肌层检出率分别为89.41%和54.84%,闭孔反射率分别为0和11.29%,原位复发率分别为23.53%和38.71%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HOL-ERBT应用于NMIBC的治疗显示出切除组织相对完整、围术期并发症少、疗效确切的优点,可作为TURBT治疗NMIBC的有效补充,值得进一步研究并推广。     

钬激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性评价

目的 以TURBt作为对照,评价经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HoLRBt)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性. 方法 回顾性研究212例原发性膀胱肿瘤患者临床资料.按治疗方式分为HoLRBt组(n=101)和TURBt组(n=111),每组患者按复发风险分为低、中及高危3个亚组.比较2组患者术前、术中和术后相关临床指标,Kaplan-Meier分析比较2组整体及每个亚组的无复发生存率(RFS). 结果 2组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤特点、复发风险等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HoLRBt组未发生闭孔神经反射,TURBt组发生闭孔神经反射7例(6.3%)、膀胱穿孔3例(2.7%).HoLRBt组术后需要膀胱冲洗患者比例(23.8%)、留置尿管时间[(1.4±0.5)d]和术后住院时间[(2.9±0.7)d]均＜TURBt组(P＜0.05),后者分别为36.9%、(2.5±0.9)d、(4.4±1.1)d.平均随访34(18～43)个月,Kaplan-Meier分析HoLRBt与TURBt组RFS差异无统计学意义(P=0.283).其中HoLRBt组1、2、3年RFS分别为81.4%、69.5%、56.5%,TURBt组分别为75.6%、60.1%、45.2%.结论 HoLRBt治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤近期RFS与TURBt相近,术中并发症及术后恢复时间优于TURBt.     

再次经尿道电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的 总结再次经尿道电切术(Re-TUR)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法 2004年3月至2008年8月共收治462例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,男性350例,女性112例,年龄35～83岁.在初次经尿道电切术后根据肿瘤分期和分级,以及标本有无肌层组织进行评估,有125例患者在术后4～6周行Re-TUR,其中Ta期49例,T1期76例;低级别癌58例,高级别癌67例;T1期肿瘤标本内未见肌层组织30例.结果 125例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者行Re-TUR,34.4%(43/125)发现有肿瘤残留,其中35例肿瘤未侵犯肌层,Ta期15例,T1期20例;8例肿瘤侵犯肌层.高级别癌的肿瘤残留率较低级别癌高(P<0.05);初次电切标本中无肌层的肿瘤残留率较有肌层的高(P<0.05).12例(9.6%)患者在初次电切术时肿瘤分期被低估.Re-TUR术中发生膀胱穿孔6例,膀胱出血7例.随访3～56个月;Re-TUR发现肿瘤残留的患者,37.2%(16/43)复发,高于Re-TUR未发现肿瘤残留的患者(12.2%,P<0.05).结论 T1期、高级别或初次电切标本无肌层的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后4～6周应行Re-TUR.Re-TUR能提高分期的准确性.     

二次电切在降低非肌层浸润性膀胱癌初次电切术后复发率中的临床价值

目的探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤二次电切术（Re-TURBT）在降低T_a和T₁期非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）电切术后肿瘤复发率的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2018年11月我院86例诊断为T_a和T₁期的NMIBC患者。患者接受单次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术为对照组（40例）,接受二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术为观察组（46例）,两组患者首次电切术中均联合了吉西他滨即刻膀胱灌注化疗。统计观察组二次电切的阳性率及肿瘤分期分级变化情况,同时比较两组患者术后2年内的肿瘤复发及进展情况。 结果两组患者年龄、性别、吸烟史、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤个数、首次电切病理分期比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组二次电切术后的病理结果显示,11例（23.91%）检出残余癌,5例出现临床分期升级,4例病理分级升级。观察组术后2年总复发率低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后2年总进展率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论Re-TURBT可明显降低T_a和T₁期NMIBC电切术后肿瘤复发率,同时可获得更准确的肿瘤分期,具有一定的临床价值。     

膀胱镜下膀胱肿瘤激光切除术与电切术的临床疗效对比研究

目的:探讨膀胱镜下膀胱肿瘤激光切除术与电切术的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2012年11月至2014年8月行膀胱肿瘤激光切除或电切术的163例患者,其中85例行激光切除术(激光组),电切组78例,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、术后导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间及随访情况。结果:163例均顺利完成手术,激光组与电切组手术时间[(24.2±2.4)min vs.(29.7±2.4)min]、术后留置导尿管时间[(2.83±0.96)d vs.(3.19±0.91)d]差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),激光组闭孔神经反射发生率低于电切组,术中出血量[(19.5±3.7)mL vs.(26.5±2.3)mL]低于电切组。两组患者术后均随访36个月,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示两组无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.406),术后3年总体复发率差异无统计学意义。结论:与传统膀胱肿瘤电切术相比,激光切除的手术时间短,并发症发生率低,可作为膀胱镜下膀胱肿瘤切除术安全、可靠的替代术式,并且激光切除术可获取完整的术后病理组织,对于判断预后及后续治疗方案的制定具有重要作用。     

Early isolated bone metastases without local recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

IntroductionBladder cancer exhibits a broad spectrum of heterogenous clinical behavior. Conventionally used clinicopathological factors are associated with certain limitations regarding the accurate prediction of outcome. Recent studies have focused on the predictive role of cellular regulatory markers.PresentationThe present case aimed to describe an extremely rare case of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patient with early isolated bone metastases following curative surgery. An assessment of the alterations of cellular regulatory biomarkers using immunohistochemistry was performed and a review of previous literatures is presented.DiscussionIt is very unusual feature that the patients with NMIBC who developed bone metastases without regional lymph node metastasis or local invasion. The patient had a solitary, high-grade T1 tumor which was not associated with carcinoma in situ and microscopic lymphovascular invasion. However, it had rapidly metastasized to distant sites following definitive surgery and exclusively limited to bones. Of special interest appears that altered expressions of combined cellular biomarkers including p53, Ki-67, and epidermal growth factor receptor were not observed focally, but rather diffusely and intensively throughout the tumor tissue.ConclusionAs an accurate prediction of outcome in patient with bladder cancer is currently limited, individual targeted approach based on pathological biomarkers may be helpful to determining what treatments are best or when the optimal time is.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术前是否需要常规行IVU检查

目的 探讨非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术前是否需要常规行IVU检查.方法 病理确诊为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者1968例.男1021例,女947例.年龄16～84岁,平均57岁.病理分期均为Ta～T1,细胞分级G11541例、G2382例、G345例.术前均行双肾输尿管膀胱超声、膀胱镜、IVU检查.均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术.统计学比较分析不同检查方法上尿路癌的检出率.结果 1968例患者中同时发生上尿路癌216例(11.0%).1582例血尿者IVU检查发现上尿路癌215例(13.6%),386例偶然发现膀胱癌患者IVU检查发现上尿路癌1例(0.3%),有无血尿者IVU检查发现上尿路癌比例差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).超声检查示上尿路异常者120例IVU检查均发现上尿路癌(100.0%),1848例超声检查上尿路无异常者IVU检查发现96例(5.2%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);1247例超声检查上尿路无异常的单发肿瘤患者IVU检查发现上尿路癌37例(3.0%),601例多发者IVU检查发现59例(9.8%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);超声检查上尿路无异常的单发膀胱肿瘤直径＜1.0 cm者IVU检查发现上尿路癌2例(0.2%),肿瘤直径≥1.0 cm者IVU检查发现35例(8.2%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).G1患者同时发生上尿路癌48例(3.1%),G2～G3168例(39.3%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者中有血尿症状、超声检查上尿路异常者、超声检查上尿路未见异常的膀胱肿瘤多发或单发但直径≥1.0 cm者、膀胱镜检查肿瘤可疑高级别者应行IVU检查;偶发病例、单发肿瘤且直径＜1.0 cm、肿瘤低级别者,术前可不行IVU检查.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the need for performing intravenous urography(IVU) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer before surgery. Methods From 1997 to 2008,1968patients were diagnosed as non-muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder with pathological confirmation. All patients underwent ultrasonography, cystoscopy and IVU prior to surgrey. The x2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors (UUTUT) was 11. 0% (216 cases). Two hundred and fifteen (13. 6%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 1528 patients with bladder cancer who had intermittent painless gross hematuria, while only 1 (0.3 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 386 non-symptomatic patients (P＜0.01). Among 120 patients with bladder cancer whose upper tract was abnormal detected by ultrasonography,120 (100. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of 1848 patients who were normal in upper tract by ultrasonography, 96 (5. 2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU (P＜0. 01). Of the patients with no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasound, 37(3. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detcted by 1VU in 1247 patients with single bladder tumor,and 59 (9.8%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 601 patients with multiple bladder tumors (P＜0.01). Of the patients with single bladder tumor who had no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasonography, 2 (0.2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 822 patients with the diameter of the tumor＜1.0 cm, and 35 (8. 2 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 425 patients with the diameter≥1. 0 cm (P＜0.01). Of the 1541 patients with histological G1, 48 (3.1%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of the 427 patients with histological G2- G3, 168 (39. 3%)suffered simultaneous UUTUT (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Patients with the following characters should undergo IVU before surgery: hematuria, abnormal upper urinary tract by ultrasonography,multifocal tumours, the diameter of the single bladder tumor≥1. 0 cm and high gradc tumors.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术前是否需要常规行IVU检查

Objective To discuss the need for performing intravenous urography(IVU) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer before surgery. Methods From 1997 to 2008,1968patients were diagnosed as non-muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder with pathological confirmation. All patients underwent ultrasonography, cystoscopy and IVU prior to surgrey. The x2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors (UUTUT) was 11. 0% (216 cases). Two hundred and fifteen (13. 6%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 1528 patients with bladder cancer who had intermittent painless gross hematuria, while only 1 (0.3 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 386 non-symptomatic patients (P＜0.01). Among 120 patients with bladder cancer whose upper tract was abnormal detected by ultrasonography,120 (100. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of 1848 patients who were normal in upper tract by ultrasonography, 96 (5. 2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU (P＜0. 01). Of the patients with no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasound, 37(3. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detcted by 1VU in 1247 patients with single bladder tumor,and 59 (9.8%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 601 patients with multiple bladder tumors (P＜0.01). Of the patients with single bladder tumor who had no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasonography, 2 (0.2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 822 patients with the diameter of the tumor＜1.0 cm, and 35 (8. 2 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 425 patients with the diameter≥1. 0 cm (P＜0.01). Of the 1541 patients with histological G1, 48 (3.1%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of the 427 patients with histological G2- G3, 168 (39. 3%)suffered simultaneous UUTUT (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Patients with the following characters should undergo IVU before surgery: hematuria, abnormal upper urinary tract by ultrasonography,multifocal tumours, the diameter of the single bladder tumor≥1. 0 cm and high gradc tumors.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术前是否需要常规行IVU检查

Objective To discuss the need for performing intravenous urography(IVU) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer before surgery. Methods From 1997 to 2008,1968patients were diagnosed as non-muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder with pathological confirmation. All patients underwent ultrasonography, cystoscopy and IVU prior to surgrey. The x2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors (UUTUT) was 11. 0% (216 cases). Two hundred and fifteen (13. 6%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 1528 patients with bladder cancer who had intermittent painless gross hematuria, while only 1 (0.3 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 386 non-symptomatic patients (P＜0.01). Among 120 patients with bladder cancer whose upper tract was abnormal detected by ultrasonography,120 (100. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of 1848 patients who were normal in upper tract by ultrasonography, 96 (5. 2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU (P＜0. 01). Of the patients with no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasound, 37(3. 0%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detcted by 1VU in 1247 patients with single bladder tumor,and 59 (9.8%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 601 patients with multiple bladder tumors (P＜0.01). Of the patients with single bladder tumor who had no abnormalities in upper tract by ultrasonography, 2 (0.2%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU in 822 patients with the diameter of the tumor＜1.0 cm, and 35 (8. 2 %) suffered simultaneous UUTUT in 425 patients with the diameter≥1. 0 cm (P＜0.01). Of the 1541 patients with histological G1, 48 (3.1%) suffered simultaneous UUTUT detected by IVU, and of the 427 patients with histological G2- G3, 168 (39. 3%)suffered simultaneous UUTUT (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Patients with the following characters should undergo IVU before surgery: hematuria, abnormal upper urinary tract by ultrasonography,multifocal tumours, the diameter of the single bladder tumor≥1. 0 cm and high gradc tumors.     

直出1470nm半导体激光膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱癌的疗效及安全性研究

目的 探讨应用直出1470nm半导体激光行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性的分析2014年6月至2014年12月在本院,应用直出1470nm半导体激光行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术且术后病理证实为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的30例患者.收集患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症、留置尿管时间和住院时间等临床资料.并收集所有患者术后随访资料.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,未发生膀胱穿孔等重并发症.平均手术时间(22.5±7.5) min,平均术中出血量(12.5±2.5)mL.平均术后膀胱冲洗时间(2±1)d,平均留置尿管时间(3.5±1.5)d,平均术后住院时间(4±2)d.术后随访12 ～ 18个月,肿瘤复发率为16.70％.结论 应用直出1470nm半导体激光行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术是一种安全、有效的治疗NMIBC的手术方式.     

膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生的同期微创治疗

目的探讨膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生的同期经尿道微创治疗。方法合并良性前列腺增生可经尿道电切治疗的膀胱癌患者56例同期行经尿道前列腺切除、部分切除或切开。结果随访6～84个月,5例复发,无尿道及前列腺窝转移。结论合并良性前列腺增生可予经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)的非浸润性膀胱肿瘤或膀胱尿路上皮癌患者适应行同期微创治疗。