术前自体血小板分离回输在非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的 探讨术前自体血小板分离回输在非CPB下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG)中应用的临床效果. 方法 32例OPCABG患者采用随机数字表法分为两组(每组16例):对照组(A组)行术中自体血回输,急性血小板分离组(B组)行急性等容血液稀释(acute normovoemic hemodiltion,ANH)联合自体富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)回输及术中自体血回输.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、肝素化前(T1)、术后1 h(T2)、术后24 h(T3)各时间点记录有关凝血功能的各项指标.记录T2、T3时点引流液. 结果 B组急性血小板处理的全血容量为(1 100±145) ml,采集PRP(166±30) ml,血小板计数(platelet count,Plt)(1 010±210)×109/L,占全身Plt总数(26±3)％.与A组比较,B组T2时点Plt升高明显,T2、T3时点引流液降低、异体红细胞输注率降低(P＜0.05),凝血功能指标差异无统计学意(P＞0.05). 结论 术前自体血小板分离回输在OPCABG中可减少异体血输注量,减少输血费用,降低术后出血量,避免血液传播性疾病及输血反应的发生.     

心内直视术患者急性等容血液稀释联合自体成分血回输的可行性

心脏手术输血量大，体外循环（CPB）可造成血小板损伤，常通过围术期输注异体血补充血小板，以避免术后出血，但输入异体血具有很多并发症。CPB前进行自体血小板分离，于CPB后再回输自体富含血小板血浆（APRP）可减少术后出血，不输或少输异体血。急性等容血液稀释（ANH）可节约用血，但其联合自体成分血回输的效果尚需进一步探讨。本研究拟观察心内直视术患者ANH联合自体成分血回输的可行性，为临床应用提供参考。     

心脏直视手术自体血回输和异体血输注对比研究

目的探讨在心脏直视手术中采用自体血回输的临床效果。方法将2002年进行心脏直视手术的患者作为观察组,采取综合自身输血措施,包括回输体外循环前经腔静脉放的肝素血,应用美国AOTOLOG自身血液回收机回收患者切口创面的血液,回输剩余机血、应用抑肽酶等。1998年进行心脏直视手术的患者作为对照组,体外循环前不放血、不进行血液回收、也不回收剩余机血,根据术中失血量输注库血。比较两组患者手术前后的出凝血状况、Hb的变化、术中失血量、术后引流量、用异体血量及术后并发症等情况。结果两组之间相比,术前与术后24小时HB、PLT、PT、术中失血量等方面差异无显著性(P>0.05);而术后引流量、输注异体血量对照组均大于观察组(P<0.01)。术后并发症对照组明显高于观察组P<0.01。结论对心脏直视手术患者采取自身输血措施,可明显减少输异体血量、术后引流量及术后并发症的发生率。     

自体血小板分离回输在Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中血液保护作用的随机对照试验

目的探讨自体血小板分离回输在主动脉夹层手术中的血液保护效果。方法选取2014年7月至2016年3月行大血管手术的Stanford A型夹层患者180例,其中男123例、女57例,年龄19~69岁,体质量50~85 kg,美国标准协会分级(American Standards Association,ASA)Ⅱ~Ⅳ级。将患者随机分为两组,A组[92例,男65例、女27例,年龄(45±21)岁]采用单纯术中自体血回收;B组[88例,男58例、女30例,年龄(43±24)岁]采用自体富血小板血浆(autologous platelet rich plasma,APRP)回输及术中自体血回收,整个血小板分离过程在肝素化之前完成。于麻醉诱导前(T_1)、肝素化前(T_2)、出手术室时(T_3)和术后1 h(T_4)、术后24 h(T_5)各时点检测血小板及血液凝血功能相关各项指标。记录体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后l h、术后24 h伤口引流量和异体输血量。结果 B组急性血小板分离处理的全血容量为(1 305±110)ml,采集富血小板血浆(275±30)ml,其中血小板计数(630±220)×10~9/L,占全身血容量血小板总数25%±5%,血小板分离时间(32±9)min。与A组比较,B组术后1 h时血小板计数明显升高,术后1 h、24 h胸腔引流量、24 h异体红细胞、血浆输注量和异体血小板输注量显著降低(P0.05);B组纤维蛋白酶原(FIB)、凝血速率(CR)、血小板功能(PF)与A组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);B组术后并发症发生率与A组相比也明显下降(P0.05)。结论对于大血管手术患者,术前急性自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回收可明显改善其凝血功能,并降低了术后出血量、异体血的输注及术后并发症发生率,也改善了患者预后,缩短了住院时间。     

自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的价值

目的探讨自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输技术在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的临床价值。方法 60例行脊柱侧弯手术患者随机分为三组,每组20例。Ⅰ组:术前自体血小板分离并制备富血小板血浆（PRP）,术中自体血回收,手术结束前回输PRP;Ⅱ组:仅行术中自体血回收,未进行自体血小板分离回输;Ⅲ组:未进行血液保护措施。测定Ⅰ组手动提取PRP中血小板计数（Plt）,于麻醉诱导前（T₁）、自体血小板分离后10 min（T₂）、输自体回收血及PRP前10 min（T₃）、输自体回收血及PRP后10 min（T₄）、术后24 h（T₅）、术后48 h（T₆）各时点测Hb水平、凝血功能、Plt和血小板聚集功能;比较手术时间、术中出血量、术后24、48 h切口总引流量、术中及术后48 h异体血输入量。结果三组手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义;T₃、T₄时三组Plt和血小板聚集功能明显低于T₁时（P<0.01）。与Ⅰ组比较,T₅、T₆时Ⅱ、Ⅲ组凝血功能、血小板聚集功能显著降低（P<0.05）,术后24、48 h切口总引流量明显增加（P<0.01）,术中及术后48 h内输异体血总量明显增加（P<0.01）。结论自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输可显著改善脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后血小板聚集及凝血功能,减少术后切口引流量及异体血输注量。     

限制性输血在全膝关节置换患者术后的应用

目的探讨严格输血指征(Hb80 g/L)结合自体引流血回输的限制性输血在TKA患者术后应用的安全性和有效性。方法选取自2013-03—2014-12行单侧TKA的骨性关节炎120例,随机分为A组(Hb100 g/L时输血);B组(Hb80 g/L时输血);C组(Hb80 g/L时输血结合自体引流血回输)。观察记录各组手术时间、出血量、术后引流血量、回输血量、输注异体血量和输血不良反应例数;术前、术后2 d、5 d、出院时Hb、红细胞压积(Hct)、血浆凝血酶原时间测定(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)检测值。结果 C组回输引流血(330.5±61.4)ml,输异体血(70.0±195.1)ml,异体血输注率12.5%,低于B组和A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及输血不良反应率与B组和A组相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论限制性输血对TKA患者是安全的,在达到预期手术治疗效果的同时,有效减少或杜绝了输注异体血的风险。     

自体血小板分离回输对全弓置换术患者术后急性肾损伤的影响

目的评价自体血小板分离(APP)回输对全弓置换术患者术后急性肾损伤的影响。方法选择全麻下拟行全弓置换术患者60例, 性别不限, 年龄18～64岁, BMI 19～34 kg/m2, ASA分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级。采用随机数字表法分为3组(n=20):APP回输组(A组)、急性等容血液稀释组(N组)和单纯自体血回收回输组(C组)。A组于手术开始前完成APP, 浓缩红细胞根据术中情况及时回输, 贫血小板血浆和富血小板血浆待鱼精蛋白中和后回输;N组在手术开始前完成急性等容血液稀释(ANH), 放出的全血待鱼精蛋白中和后回输;C组在术中单纯行自体血回收及洗涤红细胞回输, A组和N组均行自体血回收。分别于麻醉诱导后10 min(T1)、体外循环后5 min(T2)、手术结束即刻(T3)、术后24和48 h(T4, 5)时采集颈内静脉血及尿液, 测定红细胞压积(Hct)、血浆游离血红蛋白(fHb)、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-2(TIMP-2)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-7(IGFBP-7)的浓度, 计算[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP-7]。于术前、术后当天、术后1...     

预存自体血回输对风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者血液纤溶系统和血小板功能的影响

目的评价预存自体血回输对风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者血液纤溶系统和血小板功能的影响。方法择期风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者60例,随机均分为两组。观察组在心肺转流(CPB)前经上腔静脉取血300~800(600±50)ml预存,停CPB后即刻给予自体血回输;对照组不预存自体血,停CPB后根据情况给予异体血输注。分别于术后2、4h桡动脉取血,检测血浆纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、血清栓溶二聚体(D-Dimer)、α-颗粒膜蛋白(GM-140),并记录术后24h心包纵隔引流量。结果术后2、4h对照组FDP、血D-Dimer和GM-140浓度均明显高于观察组(P<0.05)。术后24h心包纵隔引流量明显多于观察组(P<0.05)。结论预存自体血回输在一定程度上可以维持纤溶系统的稳定,保护血小板的功能从而减少术后出血。     

自体血小板分离与全血储存技术在非心脏手术中血液保护效果的比较北大核心CSCD

自体血小板分离(autologous plateletpheresis,APP)技术是近年来新兴的血液保护措施,是指在麻醉诱导后、手术开始前通过血液分离设备将采集的静脉全血分为浓缩红细胞、贫血小板血浆(platelet-poor plasma,PPP)、富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)三种成分,在手术的不同阶段按需回输给患者[1],其本质是急性等容血液稀释的一种形式。APP目前广泛应用于心肺转流心脏手术,因该类型术中需不同程度的低温以及使用肝素抗凝,上述因素通常会导致血小板数量减少及功能减弱。全血储存(whole blood storage,WBS)作为急性等容血液稀释的经典形式,能够减少异体血输注,是有效的术中血液保护措施[2-3]。心脏手术前进行APP能明显减少术后出血量以及围术期异体血输入量,具有确切的血液保护价值[4-5]。但APP在非心脏手术中是否能发挥与WBS类似的血液保护效果,尚有待研究证实。因此,本研究拟比较APP与WBS在非心脏高出血风险手术中的血液保护效果,为临床提供参考。     

自体血小板分离对Stanford A型夹层全弓置换术患者凝血功能和炎性因子的影响

目的将自体血小板分离结合自体血回收技术应用于Stanford A型主动脉夹层全弓置换术患者,探讨其对凝血功能和炎性因子的影响。方法选择2017年7月至2018年12月收治的Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全弓置换术患者40例,男27例,女13例,年龄23~64岁,BMI 20~39 kg/m^2,ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级。随机分为自体血小板分离结合自体血回收组(APP组,n=25)和单纯自体血回收组(C组,n=15)。记录APP组自体血小板分离量、两组洗涤红细胞回输量、两组术中和术后24 h异体血使用量。记录麻醉诱导后(T0)、肝素化前(T1)、离室前(T2)、术后24 h(T3)红细胞压积(Hct)、血小板计数(Plt),记录反应时间(R)、凝集时间(K)、血凝块形成速率(α角)、血栓最大振幅(MA)、MA后30 min血凝块溶解百分率(ly30)等血栓弹力图(TEG)指标,记录凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)等凝血功能指标和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)等血清炎性指标。结果 APP组术中出血量,洗涤红细胞回输量,异体红细胞、血浆和血小板输入量均明显少于C组(P<0.05)。T2-T3时APP组Plt明显高于C组(P<0.05)。T3时APP组R、K明显短于C组,α角、MA和ly30明显大于C组(P<0.05)。T2-T3时APP组PT、APTT明显短于C组,FIB明显高于C组(P<0.05)。T1-T3时APP组IL-2、IL-6、PGE2明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论全弓置换术患者术前行自体血小板分离能改善凝血功能,减少围术期出血量和异体血输入量,提升血液保护效果;同时降低血清炎性因子水平,改善患者术后炎症反应。     

Platelet-rich plasma sequestration, with therapeutic platelet yields, reduces allogeneic transfusion in complex cardiac surgery

Platelet dysfunction is the most common cause of nonsurgical bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that reinfusion of a therapeutic quantity of platelets sequestered before CPB would decrease the need for allogeneic platelet transfusion, as well as decrease bleeding and total allogeneic transfusion, in cardiac surgery patients at moderately high risk for bleeding. Fifty-five patients undergoing either reoperative coronary artery bypass (CABG) or combined CABG and valve replacement were randomized to control or platelet-rich plasma sequestration (pheresis) groups. All patients received intraoperative epsilon-aminocaproic acid infusions. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to preoperative characteristics, duration of CPB, or target postoperative hematocrit. Mean platelet yields were 6.2 +/- 2.1 units (3.1 x 10(11) platelets). Mean pheresis time was 44 min. Allogeneic platelets (range = 6-12 units) were transfused to 28% of control patients, compared with 0% of pheresis patients (P < 0.01). Allogeneic packed red blood cells were transfused to 45% of control patients (1.2 units per patient) versus 31% of pheresis patients (0. 7 unit per patient) (P = 0.35). Total allogeneic units transfused were significantly reduced in the pheresis group (P < 0.02). Mediastinal chest tube drainage was not significantly decreased in the pheresis group. In this prospective, randomized study, therapeutic platelet yields were obtained before CPB. In contrast with recent studies with low platelet yields, these data support the conclusion that platelet-rich plasma sequestration is effective in reducing allogeneic platelet transfusions and total allogeneic units transfused in cardiac surgery patients at moderately high risk for post-CPB coagulopathy and bleeding. IMPLICATIONS: Transfusion of allogeneic blood products, including platelets, is common during complex cardiac surgical procedures. In the present prospective, randomized study, a significant reduction in allogeneic platelet transfusion and total allogeneic units transfused was observed after the reinfusion of a therapeutic quantity of autologous platelets sequestered before cardiopulmonary bypass.     

急性等容血液稀释用于心血管外科血液保护的效果

目的 比较急性等容血液稀释(ANH)联合术中血液回收与单纯术中血液回收用于心血管外科血液保护的临床效果。方法 将术前血红蛋白Hb≥130g/L的心血管外科成年病人140例随机分成两组:A+C组,ANH联合术中血液回收(ANH量 8～12ml/kg,n=70);C组,术中单纯血液回收(n=70)。分别记录两组病人术前及术后24h血红蛋白(Hb)、血球压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT);回收血量;体外循环(CPB)总转流时间;术后24h引流量;全血用量;血浆用量;悬浮红细胞用量;冷沉淀用量;血小板用量和总住院时间。结果 两组病人一般情况无显著差异,术前各实验室指标无显著差异;A+C组术中血液回收量(581.8±28.2)ml少于C组(785.4±43.8)ml,有显著差异(P<0.001);A+C组术后24hHb(122.2±18.8)g/l高于C组(112.3±15.6)g/l,有显著差异(P<0.01),HCT(35.2±5.5)高于C组(33.2±4.5),亦有显著差异(P<0.05);A+C组全血用量(81.7±23.0)ml少于C组(217.4±35.7)ml,有显著差异(P<0.01)A+C组有15例,C组有6例未输异体血;两组间CPB时间、总住院时间及其它血制品用量无显著差异。结论ANH联合术中血液回收比较术中单纯血液回收用于心血管外科血液保护可减少异体血需要及用量,值得推广。     

Combination of acute preoperative plateletpheresis, cell salvage, and aprotinin minimizes blood loss and requirement during cardiac surgery

Acute preoperative plateletpheresis (APP), cell salvage (CS) technique, and the use of aprotinin have been individually reported to be effective in reducing blood loss and blood component transfusion while improving hematological profiles in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this prospective randomized clinical study, the efficacy of these combined approaches on reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements was evaluated. Seventy patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (group I, n = 10) did not receive any of the previously mentioned approaches. An APP and CS group (group II, n = 20) experienced APP in which preoperative platelet-rich plasma was collected and reinfused after reversal of heparin, along with the cell salvage technique throughout surgery. The third group (group III, n = 22) received aprotinin in which 5,000,000 KIU Trasylol was applied during surgery, and a combination group (group IV, n = 18) was treated with all three approaches, i.e., APP, CS, and aprotinin. Compared with group I (896+/-278 mL), the postoperative total blood loss was significantly reduced in groups II, III, and IV (468+/-136, 388+/-122, 202+/-81 mL, respectively, p < 0.05). The requirements of packed red blood cells in the three approached groups (153+/-63, 105+/-178, 0+/-0 mL, respectively) also were reduced when compared with group I (343+/-118 mL, p < 0.05). In group I, six patients (6/10) received fresh-frozen plasma and three patients (3/10) received platelet transfusion, whereas no patients in the other three groups required fresh-frozen plasma and platelet. In conclusion, both plateletpheresis concomitant with cell salvage and aprotinin contribute to the improvement of postoperative hemostasis, and the combination of these two approaches could minimize postoperative blood loss and requirement.     

急性血小板分离技术对深低温停循环主动脉手术患者凝血功能的影响

目的本研究通过血栓弹力图(TEG)观察急性血小板分离技术(APP)对深低温停循环(DHCA)的主动脉手术患者凝血功能的影响。方法选择A型主动脉夹层拟行主动脉根部替换(Bentall)及全弓替换加支架象鼻术的患者36例,男31例,女5例,年龄23~65岁,ASAⅡ~Ⅳ级。随机将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组18例。研究组手术同时进行APP分离,对照组仅进行术中血液回收和异体输血等常规血液保护措施。于诱导后(T1)、肝素化前(T2)、离开手术室前(T3)和术后24h(T4)采集血液标本,检测TEG的反应时间(TEG-R)、凝集时间(TEG-K)、凝集块形成速率(TEG-α)、HBG、大血小板比例(P-LCR)和即时振幅(TEG-A)、最大振幅(TEG-MA)、预测在MA值确定后30min内血凝块将要溶解的百分比(TEG-EPL)和凝血综合指数(TEG-CI);TEG行高岭土、肝素酶双检测。CPB停止后每小时监测血气,并根据术野出血情况检测血液常规(Hb、Plt、MPV、PLCR)和TEG以指导输血。结果与T1时比较,T4时研究组TEG-R、TEG-K明显缩短(P0.05),TEG-A、TEG-MA明显减小(P0.05),TEG-EPL、Plt明显降低(P0.05),TEG-CI、MPV、P-LCR明显升高(P0.05),两组Hb明显降低(P0.05)。T2时研究组TEG-A、TEG-MA、Plt明显高于对照组(P0.05),T3时研究组TEG-K明显短于对照组、TEG-EPL、Hb明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 TEG技术证明,APP对DHCA主动脉手术患者的凝血功能有保护作用。     

Preoperative plateletpheresis does not reduce blood loss during cardiac surgery

Acute preoperative plateletpheresis has been reported to be effective in reducing blood loss and blood component transfusion while improving haematological profiles in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. However, in these studies, the concomitant use of cell saver techniques may have been responsible for the beneficial effects because they remove free haemoglobin and activated procoagulants and, therefore, could mask the deleterious effects of combined plateletpheresis and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPE). In the present study, 40 patients undergoing primary myocardial revascularization were randomly divided into two groups: a control group without plateletpheresis performed, and a second group in which preoperative platelet-rich plasma 10 ml · kg^?1 (PRP group) was collected and later reinfused after reversal of heparin. Standardized surgery, anaesthesia and CPB without concomitant cell saver techniques were employed. In the PRP group, blood transfusion was reduced (1.5 ± 1.3 vs 2.4 ± 1.3 units, P < 0.05) but this was accompanied by lower postoperative haemoglobin concentrations. There were no differences in blood loss (992.6 ± 327.4 vs 889.6 ± 343.7 ml), fresh frozen plasma (2/19 vs 3/20 patients) or platelet requirements (1/19 vs 1 /20 patients). Reinfusion of autologous PRP did not improve platelet count and function, nor tests of coagulation. Fibrinogen concentrations were lower in the PRP group on the operative day (P < 0.05), suggesting increased fibrinogen consumption; and more patients in the PRP group had low haptoglobin levels during CPB (8/19 vs 0/20 patients, P < 0.005), which indicated greater haemolysis in this group. We conclude that acute preoperative plateletpheresis offers no advantage in haemostasis during elective primary myocardial revascularization surgery.     

瑞芬太尼后处理对CPB心内直视手术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价瑞芬太尼后处理对CPB心内直视手术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 择期行室间隔缺损修补术和/或房间隔缺损修补术的先天性心脏病患者30例,年龄18～45岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=15).在主动脉开放前8 min瑞芬太尼组(R组)从主动脉根部以4μg·kg-1·min-1的速率输注瑞芬太尼5 min,对照组(C组)给予等容量生理盐水.于麻醉诱导前(基础状态)、主动脉开放后4、8、24、48 h时采集右颈内静脉血样,检测心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、丙二醛(MDA)的浓度及MB型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.结果 与C组比较,R组主动脉开放后4、8 h时cTnI、MDA浓度及CK-MB活性降低,SOD活性升高,主动脉开放后24 h时MDA浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼后处理可减轻CPB心内直视手术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应有关.     

双歧三联活菌对体外循环心脏直视手术患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨双歧三联活菌对体外循环心脏直视手术患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响.方法 择期拟行体外循环下瓣膜置换术患者40例,年龄30～64岁,体重40～80 Kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组(C组)和双歧三联活菌组(Y组),每组20例.Y组于术前7d开始,每日口服双歧三联活菌制剂(每片含活菌数0.5×107 CFU)4片,每日3次,连服7 d.分别于体外循环前(T1)、主动脉开放10 min(T2)、停体外循环即刻(T3)、术后2、6和18 h(T4～6)时采集中心静脉血样5 ml,采用紫外分光光度法测定血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和D-乳酸浓度,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆IL-6和IL-10的浓度.结果 与T1时比较,两组其余时点血浆DAO活性和D-乳酸IL-6和IL-10浓度均升高(P＜0.05);与C组比较,Y组T2～5时血浆DAO活性和D-乳酸浓度降低,T4,5时血浆IL-6和IL-10浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 双歧三联活菌可在一定程度上抑制炎性反应,改善体外循环心脏直视手术患者的肠黏膜屏障功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on the plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and D-lactate, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in patients undergoing open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) , trying to elucidate the mechanism of protective effect of probiotics against CPB- induced injury to intestinal mucosal barrier. Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ - Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 30-64 yr weighing 40-80 kg undergoing open heart operation under CPB were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 20 each) : control group (group C) and probiotics group (group Y) . Group Y received Jinshuangqi (Bifid Triple Viable containing bifido-bacterium, lacto-bacillus, streptococcus thermophiles) 4 pills 3 times a day for 7 days before operation. Venous blood samples were taken from CVP line before operation (T1 ), at 10 min after aortic unclamping (T2 ) and at the end of CPB (T3 ) and at 2, 6, 18 h (T4,5,6) after operation for determination of plasma DAO activity and D-lactate, IL-6 and IL-10 levels.Results Plasma DAO activity, D-lactate, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased after CPB was started at T2-6 as compared with the baseline values at T1 in both groups. Plasma DAO activity and D-lactate level were significantly lower at T2-5 , the plasma IL-6 level was significantly lower and plasma IL-10 level higher at T4,5 in group Y than in group C. Conclusion Probiotics can protect intestinal mucosal barrier in patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB and attenuate inflammatory response.     

体外循环对先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者血浆NO和ADMA浓度的影响

目的 通过观察体外循环(CPB)对先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者血浆一氧化氮(NO)和不对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)浓度的影响,分析CPB加重肺动脉高压的原因.方法 拟在CPB下行心内修补术的先天性心脏病患者18例,年龄11～40岁,体重26～59 kg,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.根据术前肺动脉收缩压(PASP)分为3组(n=6),Ⅰ组肺动脉压正常(PASP<30 mm Hg);Ⅱ组肺动脉压轻度增高(PASP 30～50 mm Hg);Ⅲ组肺动脉压中重度增高(PASP>50 mm Hg).分别于麻醉诱导前(基础状态)、CPB开始即刻、CPB停机后即刻、3、6和24 h时采集桡动脉血样4 ml,测定血浆NO和ADMA浓度.结果 与基础值相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组CPB停机后即刻、3和6 h时血浆ADMA浓度升高,NO浓度降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血浆NO浓度降低,ADMA浓度升高(P<0.05).结论 CPB可引起先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者血浆ADMA浓度升高,NO浓度降低.     

骨科手术患者急性高容量血液稀释-止血药-自体血回收联合应用的血液保护效果

目的 评价骨科手术患者急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)-止血药-自体血回收(IOBS)的血液保护效果.方法 择期骨科手术患者120例,性别不限,年龄18～64岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,预计术中出血量>800 ml,随机分为4组(n=30):AHH-IOBS-止血药组、IOBS-止血药组、 IOBS组和AHH-止血药组.AHH:气管插管后即刻至切皮前即刻,静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4溶液15 ml/kg,速率40 ml/min;IOBS:切皮前即刻行血液回收,血液洗出后即刻回输;止血药:切皮前10 min静脉注射血凝酶2 kU,同时肌肉注射1 kU.记录术中液体出入量、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和中心静脉压(CVP),并采集静脉血样检测下列指标:血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血小板计数(Plt)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原浓度(Fib).结果 与AHH-IOBS-止血药组比较,IOBS-止血药组CVP降低,Hb、Hct、Plt和Fib升高,AHH-IOBS组术中出血量增多,AHH-止血药组异体输血量增多和新鲜冰冻血浆使用免除率和异体输血免除率降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 骨科手术患者AHH-IOBS-止血-联合应用的血液保护效应较好,安全性高.