赛洛多辛治疗良性前列腺增生安全性和有效性的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析方法评价赛洛多辛治疗BPH的安全性和有效性.方法 制定原始文献的纳入标准、排除标准及检索策略,检索MEDIINE(1966-2012年)、EMBASE(1988-2012年)、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学期刊文献数据库(1979-2012年),CNK1数字图书馆(1979-2012年)有关赛洛多辛治疗BPH的随机对照研究(RCT),利用RevMan软件进行固定效应模型和随机效应模型的Meta分析.计算合并效应尺度以标准均数差(standard mean difference,SMD)及其95％可信区间(95％ CI)表示.结果 共纳入4篇文献,包括2543例患者,包含3个赛洛多辛与安慰剂比较的RCT和3个赛洛多辛与坦索罗辛比较的RCT.患者使用赛洛多辛后,总IPSS(SMD=2.92,95％ CI =2.19 ～3.65)、排尿期IPSS(SMD=1.92,95％ CI=1.44 ～ 2.39)、储尿期IPSS(SMD=0.92,95％ CI=0.60 ～ 1.24)和Qmax(SMD=1.56,95％ CI=1.38 ～ 1.75)与安慰剂组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);主要不良反应是异常射精.与0.2 mg坦索罗辛相比,8 mg赛洛多辛可以更有效地改善IPSS和Qmax(P＜0.05);以异常射精为主的不良反应也较明显(SMD=1.37,95％ CI=1.18～1.58,P＜0.05).与0.4 mg坦索罗辛相比,8 mg赛洛多辛治疗BPH的有效性和总体不良反应的发生率差异无统计学意义(SMD =1.21,95％ CI =0.98 ～ 1.49,P＞0.05).结论 赛洛多辛治疗BPH引起的下尿路症状较安慰剂和0.2 mg坦索罗辛更有效,与0.4 mg坦索罗辛作用相当.赛洛多辛的主要不良反应为异常射精.     

中性粒-淋巴细胞比值与前列腺增生临床进展的相关性研究

目的评估中性粒-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与前列腺增生(BPH)的相关性,并探讨NLR对BPH患者临床病程进展的影响。方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属第一医院泌尿外科在2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日收治的BPH患者274例的临床资料,采用统计学方法分析NLR与前列腺体积(PV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的相关性。按照患者的年龄、PV、IPSS、Qmax、PSA将BPH患者分为高危组和低危组,从而比较高危组和低危组之间临床进展的差异性;并运用ROC曲线分析NLR对高危组的诊断效能。继而根据术后病理是否含有炎性细胞浸润,分为无浸润组和浸润组,并在浸润组之间进行统计学分析。结果NLR与PV、IPSS均呈正相关(r=0.126,P=0.038;r=0.139,P=0.021),与Qmax呈负相关(r=-0.169,P=0.005),而与PSA无相关性(P>0.05)。根据PV及Qmax分组,高危组的NLR值高于低危组,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.338,P=0.020;t=2.763,P=0.006);而根据年龄、IPSS及PSA分组,NLR在高危组与低危组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析表明,NLR作为BPH临床进展的影响因素预测PV高危组的最佳临界值为1.71,其灵敏度为71.0%,特异度为49.1%;预测Qmax高危组的最佳临界值为1.49,其灵敏度为79.4%,特异度为30.3%。浸润组的NLR值高于无浸润组,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.156,P=0.032),且浸润组组间的比较也是有统计学意义(F=9.959,P<0.001)。结论NLR与BPH患者临床病程进展呈正相关性,是BPH临床进展的重要因素之一,可以提供患者的严重信息,并可作为患者随访的指标之一。     

M受体阻滞剂与α受体阻滞剂联合治疗良性前列腺增生的有效性及安全性研究

目的 评价M受体阻滞剂托特罗定与α受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪联合治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的有效性及安全性.方法 2009年5月至2010年4月,选择刺激症状明显的BPH患者76例,主要的排除标准为最大尿流率(Qmax)＜10 ml/s、残余尿＞100 ml、前列腺体积＞50 ml.将患者随机分成2组:多沙唑嗪组(给予多沙唑嗪治疗,36例),联合用药组(给予托特罗定与多沙唑嗪联合治疗,40例).用药时间8周,评估内容包括国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、尿流率和残余尿量等,并登记不良事件.结果 两组间基线资料比较差异无统计学意义.用药8周后联合用药组IPSS评分由18.7±2.2降低到12.7±3.9(P=0.000),刺激症状评分由14.2±2.3降至9.1±3.1(P=0.000).多沙唑嗪组IPSS评分由18.6±3.0降低到15.2±3.8(P=0.033),刺激症状评分由12.7±3.0降至11.8±2.7(P=0.001).治疗后两组间比较显示:联合用药组IPSS评分的改善优于多沙唑嗪组(P＜0.01),联合用药组刺激评分的改善优于多沙唑嗪组(P＜0.01),而梗阻症状评分的改善两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.168).治疗8周后两组间Qmax、残余尿差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).联合用药组无急性尿潴留和其他严重并发症发生.结论 托特罗定与多沙唑嗪联合应用降低BPH患者IPSS评分,使其刺激症状获得明显的改善;未见严重不良反应和急性尿潴留出现.     

速尿联合多沙唑嗪治疗BPH/LUTS患者夜尿增多的研究

目的:探讨速尿联合多沙唑嗪治疗BPH/LUTS患者夜尿增多的疗效及安全性。方法:将64例BPH/LUTS夜尿增多患者随机均分为两组,一组患者给予多沙唑嗪(4 mg/d),另一组患者给予速尿(睡前6 h40 mg)联合多沙唑嗪,两组患者分别治疗4周后,记录并分析治疗前后患者的尿量、IPSS评分、QOL评分、血电解质和血浆渗透压变化情况。结果:速尿联合多沙唑嗪组与单用多沙唑嗪组比较,夜尿次数明显减少(P<0.01),白天尿量增加(P<0.01),夜间尿量减少(P<0.01),总尿量无明显改变(P>0.05),IPSS评分下降(P<0.05),QOL评分明显下降(P<0.01),血钠、钾、氯、渗透压无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:速尿联合多沙唑嗪治疗BPH/LUTS患者夜尿增多的疗效明显,4周的治疗是安全的。     

前列腺增生症患者性功能及其影响因素的关系

目的探讨老年男性在前列腺增生症中性功能障碍的发病率,并分析性功能障碍与前列腺增生症病史、IPSS、前列腺体积、最大尿流率及年龄的相关性。方法对143例前列腺增生症患者进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、勃起功能国际评分(IIEF-5)、性欲与射精功能评价。并测定最大尿流率及前列腺总体积。应用秩相关分析和多元逐步回归分析方法评价各检测变量间的相关性。结果本组143例有勃起功能障碍(ED)患者116例(81.12%),性欲低下71例(49.65%),射精功能障碍45例(31.47%)。IIEF-5与性欲评分(γs=0.926,P=0.000)、射精功能评分(γs=0.836,P=0.000)具有明显一致的相关性(P<0.001)。年龄与IIEF-5(γs=-0.262,P=0.002)、性欲评分(γs=-0.268,P=0.001)、射精功能评分(γs=-0.271,P=0.001)均呈负相关性。IIEF-5及性欲、射精功能评分与BPH病史、IPSS、最大尿流率、总前列腺体积之间无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论本研究表明:年龄是BPH患者性功能障碍的主要危险因素。虽然性功能障碍在BPH时发生率高,但BPH病史、IPSS、最大尿流率、总前列腺体积对BPH患者性功能影响不大。     

前列腺尿道夹角对α受体阻滞剂治疗良性前列腺增生患者夜尿效果的影响

目的探讨良性前列腺增生患者前列腺尿道角(prostatic urethral angle,PUA)角度对α受体阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症夜尿症状效果的影响。方法回顾性分析150例因夜尿增多服用α受体阻滞剂单药治疗的前列腺增生(BPH)患者,用B超经直肠测量BPH患者的PUA,收集患者年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、治疗前后国际列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺体积(TPV)、移行区体积(TZV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、前列腺尿道角(PUA)、生活质量评分(Qo L)、膀胱前列腺突出(IPP)、尿道长度(UL)变化等临床指标。采用Logistic回归分析使用α受体阻滞剂后夜尿症状改善的影响因素。结果 150例患者中39例(26.0%)夜尿症状改善。其中夜尿改善发生率分别为53.1%(PUA35°组)和12.9%(PUA≥35°组)。使用α受体阻滞剂后,Qmax较前增加,IPSS、IPSS排尿症状评分(IPSSv)、IPSS存储症状评分(IPSSs)、Qo L较前减少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析显示PUA角度(P=0.041,OR=1.075,95%CI:1.001-1.152)和年龄(P0.001,OR=1.100,95%CI:1.043-1.159)可作为使用α受体阻滞剂改善夜尿症状的预测因素。结论结果显示PUA可以预测α受体阻滞剂治疗良性前列腺增生夜尿症状治疗效果。IPP35°患者,α受体阻滞疗效较好,可改善前列腺增生患者夜尿症状。     

IPSS与前列腺体积、前列腺膀胱内突出度、最大尿流率、残余尿及体重指数相关性的研究价值

目的探讨良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者前列腺体积、前列腺膀胱内突出度(intravesical prostatic protrusion,IPP)、最大尿流率(Q_(max))、残余尿及体重指数(body mass index,BMI)与前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)的相关性。方法采用泌尿系彩超、尿流率检查得出相关数据,分析其与IPSS的相关性,得出估算IPSS的方法。结果 IPSS与前列腺体积有明显的相关性(P=0.025);与膀胱内前列腺突出度有明显的相关性(P=0.000);与尿流率有明显的相关性(P=0.000);与体重指数相关性不显著(P=0.603),最后通过以IPSS为凶变量,O_(max)、残余尿、IPP为自变量行回归分析得出回归方程式:IPSS=24.202+1.587×IPP(cm)+0.033×残余尿(mL)-0.469×Q_(max)(ml/s)(F=13.273,P=0.000)。结论前列腺体积、IPP、Qmax、残余尿与IPSS明显相关;可通过IPP、Q_(max)、残余尿的测量,用公式"IPSS=24.20+1.59×IPP(cm)+0.03×残余尿(mL)-0.47×Q_(max)(ml/s)"估算IPSS有一定意义。     

膀胱内前列腺突入度对BPH患者TURP手术效果的预测评估作用

目的探讨超声测定膀胱内前列腺突入度(IPP)对前列腺增生(BPH)患者行前列腺电切(TURP)手术效果的预测评估作用。方法 136例患者因BPH入院行TURP,经腹超声测量IPP,根据IPP程度将患者分为突入组(IPP10mm)66例,对照组(IPP≤10mm)70例,比较2组术前前列腺体积(PV)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)差异,统计、分析2组术前和TURP术后6个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(Qo L)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)变化;多因素分析IPP与手术效果的相关性。结果两组年龄、术前IPSS、Qo L相比无差异(P0.05),但突入组PV、PSA、Qmax、PVR与对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.05),两组TURP术后随访6个月,突入组IPSS下降、PVR减少和Qmax提高与对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.05);多因素分析显示IPP程度与TURP术后IPSS下降(OR=2.98,95%=1.05~6.89)、Qmax提高(OR=5.96,95%=2.85~9.55)相关。结论IPP程度可影响BPH患者PVR和Qmax,相对于IPP≤10mm,IPP10mm的BPH患者TURP术后IPSS下降、PVR减少和Qmax提高更加明显,IPP程度可预测BPH患者TURP术后IPSS下降、Qmax提高。     

萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症的疗效分析

目的 探讨萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗前列腺增生（BPH）合并膀胱过度活动症的疗效.方法 49例BPH前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症患者,按随机表法分为2组,分别给予萘哌地尔＋托特罗定和单独服用萘哌地尔,于用药前和用药6周后观察患者前列腺症状评分、最大尿流率、平均尿流率和尿急相关症状评分.结果 49例中共47例患者完成了实验评估.入选患者用药后均无尿潴留的发生.联合治疗组治疗前、后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）（21.2±2.7和16.1±1.7）、生活质量评分（QOL）（5.4±1.9和2.1±0.6）,差异均具有统计学意义（P=0.000）.单独用药组治疗前后的IPSS分别为23.1±1.7和17.2±1.9,QOL评分分别为5.5±0.8和3.1±0.9,（P=0.000）;治疗后二组间IPSS评分、QOL评分均有显著性差异 （P=0.01和P=0.02）.治疗6周后2组患者最大尿流率（Qmax）和平均尿流率（Qave）明显提高（联合治疗组治疗前后Qmav分别为10±2.1,14±4.2;Qave分别为6.7±2.1,9.5±2.5,均P=0.000;单独用药组治疗前后Qmax分别为9±4.2,15±5.3,Qave分别6.1±3.1,9.7±2.7,均P=0.000）;2组治疗前后残余尿量均无显著性差异（P=0.26,P=0.14）.结论 萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗BPH合并膀胱过度活动症是一种安全而有效的方法.     

经尿道前列腺切除术对BPH患者夜尿症及睡眠质量的改善作用

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)对伴有夜尿症的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者夜尿症及睡眠质量的改善作用。方法:回顾性分析2016年12月至2018年12月北京大学人民医院收治的122例BPH患者的病例资料。年龄(69.7±7.9)岁。伴糖尿病20例,高血压病40例。前列腺体积(64.4±41.2)ml,体质指数(24.3±2.7)kg/m 2。术前国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)(20.5±5.5)分,夜尿次数(IPSS问题7)(4.4±1.9)次,无干扰睡眠时间(hours of undisturbed sleep,HUS)(1.7±1.0)h(其中HUS<3 h者110例),夜尿症生活质量评分(N-QOL)(24.9±6.3)分,生活质量评分(QOL)(4.4±0.9)分。111例完善尿动力学检查,最大尿流率(6.4±3.1)ml/s,最大膀胱容量(318.5±83.6)ml,残余尿量(153.9±158.9)ml,最大逼尿肌压力(78.4±35.5)cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa),其中逼尿肌肌力下降27例,膀胱过度活动症18例,膀胱有效容量下降9例,膀胱出口梗阻60例。42例术前有效膀胱容量<200 ml,其中最大膀胱容量>200 ml组33例,夜尿次数(4.5±1.9)次;最大膀胱容量≤200 ml组9例,夜尿次数(4.7±1.7)次。122例均行TURP治疗。记录术后IPSS、夜尿次数(IPSS评分问题7)、HUS、NQOL、QOL变化情况。比较最大膀胱容量≤200 ml组和>200 ml组术后夜尿症状改善情况。结果:122例术后随访3~20个月。术后IPSS(4.9±4.2)分,夜尿次数(1.9±1.2)次,HUS(3.4±1.3)h(其中91例HUS≥3 h,缓解率达82.7%),N-QOL(37.3±6.7)分,QOL(0.8±0.9)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。96例夜尿次数较术前改善≥50%。术后夜尿≥2次68例,<2次54例,两组术前IPSS总分[(21.8±5.3)分与(19.2±5.5)分]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。最大膀胱容量≤200ml组术后夜尿次数(3.4±1.5)次,与术前比较差异无统计学差异(P=0.12),最大膀胱容量>200 ml组术后夜尿次数(1.9±1.1)次,与术前比较差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:TURP可以显著延长伴有夜尿症的BPH患者的HUS,提高患者生活质量及睡眠质量。TURP可减少部分BPH患者夜尿次数,术前IPSS总分高以及最大膀胱容量≤200 ml是伴有夜尿症BPH患者术后夜尿症状无改善的危险因素。     

alpha-blocker monotherapy in the treatment of nocturia in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective study of response prediction

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, terazosin, in reducing nocturia in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and to identify the factors predicting treatment outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 100 patients were treated with 2 mg of terazosin once daily for the first 7 days, and continued to receive 4 mg of terazosin once daily for the following 3 weeks. The men were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment using uroflowmetry, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the degree of nocturia estimated from a frequency-volume chart (FVC) and objectively. RESULTS: On the FVC, 27 patients reported that the terazosin treatment reduced their nocturia by more than half, and 14 reported a reduction of 25-49%. On the IPSS, 31 patients reported that the treatment reduced their nocturia by more than half and 27 reported a reduction of 25-49%. On multivariate regression analysis, only the actual number of nightly voids on the FVC was associated with a 2.1-fold chance of an improvement of >25% in objective nocturia (P = 0.016). Using a comparable model, a greater nocturia score on the IPSS was associated with a higher likelihood of improvement in subjective nocturia (odds ratio, 1.653; 95% confidence interval, 1.079-2.533; P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Treatment with terazosin can reduce patients' episodes of nocturia both subjectively and objectively in some men with LUTS. Our results suggest that both subjective and objective numbers of nocturia episodes are associated with improvements in subjective and objective nocturnal frequencies, respectively.     

Association between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction

Our aim was to assess the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction by means of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire. A total of 69 eligible patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms were included in the study. A self administered questionnaire of IPSS and SHIM were given to patients. Demographics and medical history data were recorded. Any risk factor that may be associated with erectile dysfunction, including coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status, was determined in each patient. Correlation tests were used to examine the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction by controlling the effects of age and comorbidities. Mean age was 58.6 +/- 13.1 31-86 years. Mean SHIM and IPSS total score was 14.3 +/- 7.5 and 11.5 +/- 8.1, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient between IPSS and SHIM scores was found to be -0.41. There was a significant negative correlation with IPSS total scores of moderate degree when both age and presence of risk factor was controlled (r = -0.31; p = 0.009). Storage symptom scores showed significant correlation with SHIM scores (r = -0.33; p = 0.000). The association between SHIM score and each item of IPSS showed significant correlation for urgency, straining and nocturia when age controlled. The degree of bother by LUTS as determined by the IPSS quality of life question was also correlated with SHIM scores; however, this correlation was not significant when age or risk factor for ED was controlled. The presence of LUTS especially storage symptoms is strongly associated with erectile dysfunction independent of age and comorbidities.     

A population study of nocturia in Singapore

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of nocturia in the multiracial Asian population of Singapore, using the new International Continence Society standardized definition of one or more voids per night, and to assess its associations, bothersomeness and impact on sleep. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A door-to-door interview questionnaire survey was conducted amongst a randomly selected sample of 3000 individuals (response rate 78.2%). Nocturia and its associated problems were evaluated using questions from the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and concurrently, sociodemographic and health variables were recorded. RESULTS: Data from 1134 women (aged 20-95 years) and 1139 men (aged 20-92 years) were analysed; the overall prevalence of nocturia (one or more voids/night) was 55.5%, with an increasing proportion in older groups (P < 0.01). Women had nocturia significantly (P = 0.015) more often than men (58% vs 53%), and it was positively associated with poor health, with the highest odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes mellitus of 2.0 (1.3-3.1), for renal disease of 6.4 (2.3-18.2), and for strokes of 3.1 (1.1-9.2). In both men and women, the median IPSS in patients with nocturia was significantly higher than that in patients without nocturia (P < 0.001). For individuals waking once a night, only 9.5% considered nocturia a problem and 13.5% complained of sleep disturbances; these values increased to 36% and 40% for individuals waking up twice or more /night. CONCLUSION: Nocturia is a common condition amongst Singaporean adults, especially in the elderly; it has strong associations with poor health and other lower urinary tract symptoms. The degree of nocturia determines whether patients are likely to be bothered by it or have sleep disturbance, which will influence their help-seeking behaviour.     

Evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms and how bothersome it was with or without urinary incontinence in apparently healthy persons of both sexes

We evaluated the effect of urinary incontinence on the degree of being bothersome in apparently healthy males and females by a questionnaire survery. From March to May, 2003 apparently healthy subjects underwent multiphasic health screening after informed of the nature of this study and were asked to fill out the questionnaires of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) with IPSS QOL index (IPSS-QI) and the short form version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). The data were subjected to analytical studies. Of the 388 participants who responded completely to both questionnaires, 172 (44.3%) had urinary incontinence; 143 were women (36.9%) and 29 men (7.5%). The mean age of the women was 46.0 years (range 18.0 to 76.0) and that of men was 47.5 years (range 22.0 to 76.0). Compared with continent participants, women and men with mixed urinary incontinence had a significantly higher IPSS severity (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0014, respectively). In terms of contribution on QOL impairment, the women and men with mixed urinary incontinence considered it significantly more bothersome compared with continent participants (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0003, respectively). These data showed that urinary incontinence was relatively common among apparently healthy women, but not men, and type of incontinence had a different impact on the degree of being bothersome in both sexes.     

"Pathophysiology and treatment of the overactive bladder"

The International Continence Society (ICS) recently derived a consensus symptomatic definition of overactive bladder (OAB) as urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia. These symptom combinations are suggestive of urodynamically demonstrable detrusor overactivity. The etiology of OAB falls into two broad categories: neurogenic and nonneurogenic. It is not easy to confirm the etiology of OAB in patients with bladder outlet obstruction and neurological disease. This debate has attempted to examine the pathophysiology of OAB and to determine the optimal treatment strategy in a patient with two diseases possibly causing OAB. A 75-year-old man visited our hospital due to symptoms of OAB (urgency, nocturia, and urge incontinence) occurring after cerebrovascular accidents. Urge incontinence worsened concomitantly with the appearance of turbid urine. Urinary tract infection was accompanied by 84 ml of post-void residual. The prostate volume and PSA value were 28 ml and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively. The total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QOL) Index were 23 and 5, respectively. IPSS for storage symptoms was higher than that for obstructive symptoms. The maximum flow rate, measured after treatment for UTI, was 9.4 ml/s. Two debaters discuss the treament modality, TURP, or pharmacotherapy.     

转移淋巴结的数量和范围对食管癌预后的影响

目的探讨转移淋巴结枚数、组数及野数对食管癌患者预后的影响,为更加合理的淋巴结转移分级提供参考。方法回顾性分析2001年6月至2009年12月间在上海市胸科医院进行手术治疗的204例食管癌患者的临床资料,并按照2009年第七版国际食管癌TNM分期对所有患者进行重新分期。采用Log-rank检验和Cox比例风险模型来评估转...     

Prevalence of bladder dysfunction in Parkinsons disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Parkinsons disease (PD) is reported as 27%-39% based on validated questionnaires which do not consider the degree of bother. To estimate the prevalence of LUTS in patients with PD, the severity of symptoms, the volume of postmicturitional urine, and to estimate differences compared to non-PD patients referred for urological evaluation. METHODS: One hundred seven patients with PD were evaluated using two sets of validated questionnaires (Dan-PSS and IPSS) about LUTS; postmicturitional residual urine was recorded, and compared to 61 patients without PD presenting at an urological clinic for examination. RESULTS: Bothersome LUTS measured using Dan-PSS scores correlated significantly with Hoehn and Yahr stage of disease (P = 0.02), but not with duration of disease or age. IPSS scores did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age. Two arbitrary cut-offs were applied, identifying patients with significant LUTS, Dan-PSS > 10 and IPSS > 10. There were no significant differences between the age or duration of disease of patients with and without significant LUTS. The most frequent symptom was nocturia (IPSS: 86%) followed by frequency (IPSS: 71%) and urgency (IPSS: 68%). The most frequently reported bothersome bladder symptom was urgency (Dan-PSS: 61%), followed by nocturia (Dan-PSS: 50%) and urge incontinence (Dan-PSS: 44%). The prevalence of bothersome frequency is low (Dan-PSS: 37%). The postmicturitional volumes (PMV) did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age, or to scores on questionnaires. Mean PMV was 34 ml. Seven patients (6%) with PD had a PMV larger then 100 ml. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of severe LUTS was similar with other studies, but the correlation between Dan-PSS and stage of disease, and not IPSS indicates that despite seeing no increase in frequency and severity of LUTS as PD progresses, patients find symptoms more bothersome. This may be due to progression in gait difficulties or a decreasing ability to separate and integrate sensory input, or both.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术与传统单极电切术治疗前列腺增生症比较的Meta分析

目的比较经尿道等离子双极电切术(B-TURP)与传统单极电切术(M-TURP)两种术式治疗良性前列腺增生症的安全性和有效性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science及CNKI电子数据库,查找所有比较B-TURP和M-TURP治疗良性前列腺增生症的随机对照试验(RCT),同时手检纳入文献的参考文献。按纳入排除标准由2人独立进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个研究,718例患者。Meta分析结果显示:1安全性方面:与M-TURP相比,B-TURP后血钠(MD:-3.96,95%CI:-6.70,-1.22,P0.05)及血红蛋白(MD:-0.48,95%CI:-0.58,-0.38,P0.000 01)下降值较低;发生TURS的患者较少(B-TURP组0例,M-TURP组3例);尿道狭窄、尿潴留、尿失禁等并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义。2有效性方面:国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿(PVR)、手术时长及术中切除前列腺组织重量的差异均无统计学意义。结论与M-TURP术相比,B-TURP具有相似的有效性和更高的安全性。     

Long-term treatment outcome of tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: The present study assessed the long-term efficacy (>12 months) of tamsulosin in 123 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: The patients received a starting dose of tamsulosin of 0.2 mg/day, with a further titration up to 0.4 mg/day until symptom relief. Subjective and objective clinical variables were assessed using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life (QoL) score, BPH impact index score, peak urinary flow rate (Q(max)) and postvoid residual urine volume. RESULTS: Except for Q(max), all clinical variables showed significant sustained improvements from baseline throughout the study period (median follow up, 43 months). Thirty patients (24.4%) withdrew because of surgical interventions. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that a baseline IPSS total score >or=15 (HR [hazard ratio] 2.13; 95% CI 1.04-4.34) was predictive of failure for tamsulosin therapy. Furthermore, during the first 12 months, a lowest IPSS total score >or=13 (HR 2.34; 95% CI 1.12-4.89), a lowest IPSS QoL score >or=3 (HR 4.16; 95% CI 1.26-13.68), and a lowest BPH impact index score >or=4 (HR 3.54; 95% CI 1.62-7.75) were also predictive of failure for tamsulosin therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin treatment of BPH patients for more than 12 months showed a sustained, stable efficacy. Patients without short-term effects were prone to withdraw from tamsulosin therapy, but so did patients with a high baseline IPSS total score, even if therapy was effective for at least 12 months.     

Nocturia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: association with diurnal voiding patterns

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether diurnal voiding patterns predict nocturia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as few studies have evaluated the association between diurnal and nocturnal voiding patterns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively analysed the frequency-volume charts (FVCs) of consecutive patients with LUTS. At the initial visit patients had a detailed clinical evaluation and subsequently were requested to complete a 72-h FVC. In all, 104 (41 men and 63 women, mean age 63 years, range 50-83) were included in the primary analyses. Associations between daytime variables and nocturia were described using maximum likelihood estimates of the relative risk and by 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on logistic regression models. RESULTS: When at least one night-time void was used to define nocturia the multivariate logistic model showed a negative association of mean daytime voided volume with nocturia (P = 0.001). The odds ratio for nocturia decreased with this variable to 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99). When 'voiding at least twice per night' was used to define nocturia only the number of daytime voids was positively related to nocturia (odds ratio 1.22; 95% CI 1.01-1.48; P= 0.040). CONCLUSION: Nocturia may be associated with diurnal voiding patterns; these results also suggest that the causes of nocturia of one or of two or more voids may differ. This highlights the role of bladder function in more severe forms of nocturia.