早期乳腺癌不同腋窝淋巴结清扫术的疗效对比观察

目的：观察早期乳腺癌不同腋窝淋巴结清扫术的临床效果及安全性。方法选取行保乳手术的早期乳腺癌患者79例,随机分为两组,腔镜组行腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术（39例）,常规组行常规开放腋窝淋巴结清扫术（40例）,比较结果。结果腔镜组术中出血量低于对照组（ P＜0．05）;腔镜组无1例发生并发症,常规组术后并发症发生率为15．00％,两组比较具有显著差异（χ2＝6．331, P＝0．026）;腔镜组淋巴结清扫枚数为（16．8±4．9）枚,随访3年期间无1例复发,常规组淋巴结清扫枚数为（17．9±5．8）枚,复发率为2．50％,均无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。结论早期乳腺癌腔镜保乳术后行腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术与传统手术相比,创伤小,并发症少,手术效果相同。     

象限切除加腋淋巴结清扫加放射治疗早期乳腺癌

探讨象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫及放射治疗早期乳腺癌的临床效果。对66例行象限切除术加腋窝淋巴结清扫及放疗的乳腺癌患者（观察组）与46例行标准根治术（Halsted 根治术）加放疗的乳腺癌患者（对照组）比较,两组的生存率、局部复发率、远处转移率、生活质量和保留乳房的美观效果进行长期随访观察。结果3、5、8年生存率;观察组分别为97．0％、87．9％、71．2％,对照组分别为97．8％、80．5％、76．15,两组相比无显著差异;复发率：观察组为6．1％,对照组为4．3％;远处转移率：观察组为16．7％,对照组为21．7％,两组相比无显著差异;观察组保留乳房总优良率达83．8％。结果表明,象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫及放射治疗早期乳腺癌疗效同Halsted根治术,是治疗早期乳腺癌的理想术式。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的临床研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的适应证及方法。方法分析我院近5年来20例保乳手术治疗的乳腺癌患者临床资料。结果保乳术后患者乳房外形均较好,两侧乳房基本对称,患者3年生存率为95％,复发率为5％。结论早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗安全、疗效确切,全身综合治疗是保乳手术治疗成功的关键。     

乳腺癌患者局部复发与初次保乳术后淋巴结状态的关系分析

目的分析乳腺癌局部复发患者初次保乳术后的淋巴结状态,探讨局部复发与淋巴结状态的关系。方法选择2015年5月-2017年4月接受保乳术治疗的乳腺癌患者共81例,术后根据患者的腋窝淋巴结状态分为转移组(27例)与未转移组(54例)。对比两组患者的一般资料(年龄、肿瘤直径、病理分型、病理分期);术后随访2年,记录两组患者局部复发率,采用线性回归分析局部复发与淋巴结状态的关系。结果两组一般资料对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);转移组的局部复发率比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);线性回归分析显示,乳腺癌初次保乳术后淋巴结转移可能是其局部复发的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌初次保乳术后淋巴结状况与局部复发具有密切关联,若发生淋巴结转移,则患者局部复发的风险会明显提升。     

保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的疗效及miR-21和miR-155表达的研究

]目的观察保乳手术对早期乳腺癌的远期治疗效果,并检测组织中miR-21和miR-155的表达,探讨其临床意义。方法选择124例早期乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,采用保乳手术为主的综合治疗62例,列为观察组,采用乳腺改良根治手术治疗62例,列为对照组。观察两组治疗方式的远期效果。术后组织应用实时荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）检测观察组中miR-21和miR-155的表达,分析其临床意义。结果两组患者3年和5年随访生存率无明显差别(P>0.05)。观察组随访生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。观察组中miR-21和miR-155在不同组织学分级、脉管癌栓及有无坏死、钙化的分组的表达中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组5年内复发患者miR-21和miR-155的表达明显高于非复发患者(P<0.05)。生存分析显示miR-21和miR-155的表达与生存时间相关(P<0.05)。结论早期乳腺癌患者应用保乳手术进行治疗,临床效果明显,患者生活质量高。术后检测miR-21和miR-155的表达对判断预后可能具有一定价值。     

单管球囊腔内治疗和组织间插植治疗早期乳腺癌的剂量和临床比较

目的比较单管球囊腔内治疗（MammoSite）和组织间插植两种高剂量率（HDR）后装技术行早期乳腺癌保乳术后局部乳腺加速照射的剂量学优缺点、早晚期毒副作用及美容评估。方法自2004年1月至12月，10例乳腺癌在肿瘤局部扩大切除后使用了高剂量率^192Ir加速照射（APBI），其中组织间插植6例、MammoSite4例。全部息者均在手术中植入施源器，组织间插植组瘤腔距皮肤〉0．5～0．7cm，MammoSite中1例瘤腔距皮肤0．65cm，其余3例均大于1cm。治疗靶区组织间插植组为瘤腔外2cm（皮肤和胸壁方向根据实际情况略小），MammoSite组为球囊外1cm。组织间插植组中位剂量均匀指数（DHI）为0．77，MammoSite组中位DHI为0．73。结果全部患者随诊12～24个月，中位随诊18个月，随诊率为100％。治疗期间两组无一例发生Ⅲ级以上急性反应，仅发生红斑、水肿、乳腺触痛和感染，均为1～2级。晚期毒性（皮肤纤维化、乳腺触痛、脂肪坏死）组织间插植组较MammoSite组略高。美容效果达到极好和良好的在治疗结束时为100％，随诊12个月时组织间插植组患者和医生评估分别是100％和83％，MammoSite组均为100％。无一例局部复发。结论组织间插植剂量分布较MammoSite均匀而且治疗体积大；MammoSite重复性好、操作简单，早晚期毒副作用及美容效果相同。     

热疗结合介入化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的 观察热疗与介入化疗栓塞术联合治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法 选取原发性中晚期肝癌患者40例，分为两组，每组20例。治疗组行介入化疗栓塞加局部区域热疗。对照组仅行常规介入化疗加栓塞治疗。化疗方案采用阿霉素（ADM）50～60mg、丝裂霉素（MMC）6～8mg、顺铂（DDP）60—80mg、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）500mg。栓塞剂采用超液态碘化油及明胶海绵。结果 治疗组总有效率75％（15／20），对照组40％（8／20）（P〈0．05）。两组0．5、1、1．5、2年生存率分别为100％，95％；90％，75％；65％，45％；60％，25％；治疗组0．5、1、1．5生存率较对照组无明显提高（P〉0．05），2年生存率较对照组明显提高（P〈0．05）。毒副反应无差异。结论 热疗联合介入化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌疗效优于单纯介入化疗栓塞术，且不增加毒副作用，是治疗中晚期肝癌的一种安全有效的综合治疗方法。     

乳腺癌保乳手术联合哨兵淋巴结活检术临床疗效观察

目的观察乳腺癌保乳手术及哨兵淋巴结活检的临床疗效。方法 62例临床确诊的早期乳腺癌患者,均行区段切除及哨兵淋巴结活检手术,其中10例哨兵淋巴结阳性者加腋淋巴结清扫术,术后行根治性放疗,并根据临床评价38例行辅助化疗,36例内分泌治疗。结果术后随访24～106个月,中位随访53个月,1例3年内复发,2例5年内复发,局部复发率4.8%。复发者均改行乳腺癌改良根治术。结论对于临床早期乳腺癌患者,保留乳房及哨兵淋巴结活检术可行,术后辅以放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗能够获得满意效果。     

乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果及对患者预后的影响

目的探究乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果及患者预后的影响。方法从2016年7月-2019年7月收治的早期乳腺癌患者中选择108例作为研究样本,分作两组。其中常态组54例患者行非整形保乳手术治疗,科研组54例患者行乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗,对于其临床效果及患者预后的影响进行深入分析。结果科研组术中引流量、出血量及手术操作时间等手术指标较常态组明显更优,同时科研组无复发与远处转移情况,较参照组明显更优(P<0.05),组间具有显著差异。结论乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术对早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果确切,同时对其预后产生积极影响,其乳房美容效果优良。     

新辅助化疗后保乳手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的 探讨新辅助化疗后保乳手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌的可行性.方法 对解放军第309医院2003年6月-2008年12月收治的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌经新辅助化疗后接受保乳治疗的46例患者进行随访观察.化疗方案为第1天静脉注射表柔比星60mg/m2,第2天紫杉醇150mg/m2,持续3h静脉滴注,21d为1个疗程,共2～4个疗程.手术方式为象限切除或肿块局部广泛切除联合腋窝淋巴结清除.术后对患者局部复发、远处转移及乳房外形情况进行随访观察.结果 新辅助化疗后,术前肿瘤病灶临床完全缓解(CR)9例,部分缓解(PR)37例.术后病理学检查发现,癌细胞均有不同程度的变性、坏死,并伴有细胞间质水肿、纤维增生、炎性细胞浸润,其中病理完全缓解4例,经过58个月的中位随访(8～70个月),局部复发4例(4/46),远处转移3例(3/46),远处转移者中2例死亡.保乳综合治疗(放疗+化疗)结束后1年,对31例患者进行乳房外形评估:优6例、良18例、差7例.结论 Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌经过新辅助化疗后保乳是可行的,术中规范化切除且术后进行放、化疗及全身综合治疗是保乳治疗成功的关键.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.