外周血管假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的 介绍不同类型外周血管假性动脉瘤的不同治疗方法。方法 13例假性动脉瘤，3例终末型动脉的假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵进行栓塞，其中1例巨大血肿伴假性动脉瘤经栓塞后作手术血肿清除加动脉结扎术进行治疗；1例支干型假性动脉瘤采用两端弹簧圈栓塞；9例主干性外周动脉假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架隔绝术。结果 所有假瘤均完全闭合，置人覆膜支架者其远端动脉搏动均正常。1例患者由于其他特殊原因，致穿刺部位又出现假性动脉瘤。其他患者无明显并发症。结论 采用介入技术可使各种外周血管假性动脉瘤得到有效治疗，多数情况下可以代替外科治疗。     

肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的评价肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤应用覆膜支架及栓塞技术治疗的价值,分析相关的并发症及处理方法。方法3例肢体假性动脉瘤应用覆膜支架置入术将其隔绝,2例肾动脉假性动脉瘤应用明胶海绵栓塞。结果5例假性动脉瘤均完全闭合,2例置入覆膜支架者其远端动脉搏动正常。1例股动脉假性动脉瘤患者术中出现支架内血栓形成,溶栓后消失。1例患者由于其他原因,致穿刺部位又出现假性动脉瘤。结论应用覆膜支架及栓塞技术可使肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤得到有效治疗,且创伤小,恢复快,尤其适用于不能耐受传统手术治疗者,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

覆膜支架在外周动脉瘤及动脉夹层治疗中的应用

目的 探讨覆膜支架在外周动脉瘤及动脉夹层治疗中的可行性及安全性.方法 2008年11月至2012年5月收治24例外周血管病变患者,其中锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤10例、髂动脉夹层5例、髂动脉假性动脉瘤4例、髂动脉瘤3例、颈内动脉瘤1例、下肢多发动脉瘤1例.所有患者在经股动脉穿刺血管造影明确病变后,植入覆膜支架行腔内隔绝术.结果 所有患者均成功植入覆膜支架行腔内隔绝治疗,即时封闭效果满意,无手术相关并发症.随访2～42个月,有1例锁骨下假性动脉瘤患者在覆膜支架植入后4个月时支架两端又出现假性动脉瘤,再次植入覆膜支架,其余23例患者均未出现相关并发症.结论 覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是一种微创、安全且高效的外周血管完整性修复方法.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的　介绍不同类型创伤性假性动脉瘤 (假瘤 )的几种不同治疗方法。方法　 8例不同部位、不同创伤原因引起的的假瘤 ,采用不同的方法进行治疗。 3例终末型动脉的假瘤采用明胶海绵栓塞 ,2例主干性外周动脉的假瘤采用覆膜支架置入术将其隔绝 ,1例支干型假瘤采用两端弹簧圈栓塞 ,1例股动脉穿孔型假瘤采用压迫法 ,另 1例巨大血肿伴假瘤经栓塞后作手术血肿清除加动脉结扎术进行治疗。结果　所有假瘤均完全闭合 ,置入覆膜支架者其远端动脉搏动正常。 1例患者因其他原因 ,致穿刺部位又出现假瘤。其他患者无并发症。结论　采用不同的介入技术能治疗各种假瘤 ,多数情况下可以代替外科治疗     

应用覆膜支架介入救治颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤

目的 探讨应用覆膜支架介入治疗颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤。方法4例肿瘤所致颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤形成的患者,均出现颈部或口腔危及生命的出血,采用Seldinger方法,选用自膨式聚四氟乙烯覆膜支架治疗。结果4例成功施行血管内介入治疗,其中颈总动脉中段1例,颈动脉球2例,颈总动脉远段1例。共置入覆膜支架6枚。术后假性动脉瘤腔被隔绝,颈动脉通畅,患者的临床症状明显改善,无神经功能障碍。1例患者11d后支架下缘颈总动脉与原瘤腔相通,再次置入覆膜支架,2个月的随访无再出血。1例患者经钢圈栓塞、放置覆膜支架及裸支架瘤腔隔绝,但术后6周先前的支架下缘出现假性动脉瘤,经置入覆膜支架后出血停止。结论自膨式聚四氟乙烯覆膜支架治疗颈动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤是患者安全、有效的方法,特别是在救治伴有出血的颈部假性动脉瘤,支架的长期效果有待于进一步随访观察。     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗外周动脉瘤

目的探讨外周动脉瘤应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对12例外周动脉瘤(真性动脉瘤5例,假性动脉瘤7例)患者行经股动脉穿刺插管造影,之后于病变部位放置覆膜支架行腔内隔绝术。结果 12例成功进行外周动脉瘤覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,其中11例动脉瘤腔完全封闭隔绝,1例动脉瘤治疗后有内漏,无手术相关并发症,即刻造影示置入覆膜支架远端动脉均血流通畅。随访观察3～36个月,无动脉瘤复发及动脉瘤相关并发症发生,1例3个月后发生覆膜支架腔内闭塞。结论覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗外周动脉瘤是一种创伤小、安全易行、疗效确切的治疗方法。     

覆膜支架治疗12例假性动脉瘤的体会

目的评估覆膜支架治疗假性动脉瘤的疗效。方法 2008年3月至2011年6月收治假性动脉瘤患者86例,其中12例采用覆膜支架腔内治疗。发病部位在胸主动脉4例,腹主动脉3例(1例肾上型,2例肾下型),颈总动脉3例,颈内动脉1例,右锁骨下动脉1例。术后对12例患者的疗效进行观察,并随访5～43个月。结果支架释放技术成功率为100%,所有12例假性动脉瘤植入覆膜支架后被立即隔绝,无内漏,载瘤动脉远端血流通畅。除1例失访外,其余11例平均随访23.5个月。1例合并白塞病患者术后4个月因腹主动脉破裂大出血死亡,其余10例随访结果良好,支架无狭窄、无移位、无内漏等相关并发症。结论应用覆膜支架治疗假性动脉瘤近期疗效良好,但远期疗效还需进一步观察。     

腹腔内脏血管动脉瘤的介入治疗方法探讨

目的 探索腹腔内脏动脉动脉瘤的介入治疗方法.方法 进行介入治疗的9例内脏动脉动脉瘤患者,总共11枚动脉瘤,其中1例为肠系膜上动脉主干部动脉瘤合并右侧结肠动脉动脉瘤,1例为2枚脾动脉瘤,另外还有5例各1枚脾动脉瘤,1例胃右动脉瘤,1例肝动脉假性动脉瘤.使用弹簧圈分别成功对6例脾动脉瘤患者的7枚脾动脉瘤及1枚右侧结肠动脉瘤,1枚胃右动脉瘤,1枚肝动脉假性瘤进行了栓塞,1例肠系膜上动脉动脉瘤的使用覆膜支架植入隔离动脉瘤.结果 所有患者均治疗成功,未出现相关并发症.肠系膜上动脉动脉瘤植入支架后瘤腔被完全封闭,肠系膜上动脉主干通畅.结论 介入栓塞技术可以成功栓塞大部分内脏动脉动脉瘤,对于部分栓塞困难者可以使用覆膜支架隔绝动脉瘤.     

外科手术后假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的总结外科手术后继发假性动脉瘤介入治疗的效果和经验。方法5例外科手术后继发不同部位假性动脉瘤,采用不同的介入方法治疗。1例左侧髂总动脉假性动脉瘤经腹主动脉球囊阻断后作手术人工血管置换,1例右侧锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架置入术将其隔绝,3例终末型动脉的假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵和(或)弹簧圈栓塞。结果所有假性动脉瘤均完全闭合,未出现治疗相关并发症。结论采用不同的介入技术治疗外科手术后继发假性动脉瘤临床效果肯定,是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

电解可脱式弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞术治疗移植肾吻合口假性动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱式弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞术在多种原因所致移植肾吻合口假性动脉瘤介入治疗中的应用和技术要点,评价其可行性和疗效,为处理移植肾血管并发症和提高移植肾长期存活率提供经验.方法 回顾性分析2012年至2015年收治的9例临床和影像学检查确诊为移植肾吻合口假性动脉瘤患者的介入诊疗资料.9例患者移植肾血管吻合方式均为移植肾动脉-右侧骼外动脉端侧吻合,根据动脉瘤位置特殊均选择电解可脱式弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞术,并视不同情况辅以支架植入术.术后定期复查实验室检查和影像学检查,综合评价治疗效果.结果 9例移植肾吻合口假性动脉瘤瘤腔均成功完全栓塞.术后随访3～21个月,平均12个月,复查实验室检查示血清肌酐(SCr)值、尿常规等未见明显异常;影像学复查示弹簧圈及支架无移位,未见假性动脉瘤残留或复发,移植肾动脉和髂外动脉保持通畅,未出现移植肾或下肢缺血等并发症.结论 对于因位置特殊不适合常规载瘤动脉栓塞术和覆膜支架瘤腔隔绝术治疗的移植肾吻合口假性动脉瘤患者,采用电解可脱式弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞术可以完全栓塞瘤腔,同时保持移植肾动脉和髂外动脉通畅.该治疗方法微创、安全有效,一定程度上可代替外科手术,但远期疗效尤其是复发情况有待进一步观察.     

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Sealing (EVARS): A Useful Adjunct in Treating Challenging Morphology

An 81-year-old male with previous open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair presented with asymptomatic large pseudoaneurysms at both ends of an open surgical tube graft. Endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) in combination with the iliac limbs of a standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) successfully excluded both pseudoaneurysms from circulation. We describe the combination of elements of EVAS and EVAR and have termed this endovascular aneurysm repair and sealing (EVARS). EVARS has the advantage of harnessing the benefits of endobag sealing in aortic necks unsuitable for standard EVAR whilst providing the security of accurate stent placement within short common iliac arteries. In conclusion, EVAS may be combined with standard endovascular iliac limbs and is a possible treatment option for pseudoaneurysm following open aneurysm repair.     

Bare Stent Implantation in Iatrogenic Dissecting Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

Iatrogenic arterial dissection leading to the development of dissecting pseudoaneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a rare complication of angiography. Surgical and endovascular treatment options exist for this important condition. We report a case of bare stent implantation in dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the SMA that developed after angiography in a patient with acute mesenteric ischemia. Although it is rarely published, iatrogenic arterial dissection causing pseudoaneurysm can occur after diagnostic and interventional angiography. Bare stent implantation in dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the SMA could be an advantageous endovascular treatment option in selected cases due its to potential preservation of important side branches of the SMA.     

Stent-coil treatment of a distal internal carotid artery dissecting pseudoaneurysm on a redundant loop by use of a flexible, dedicated nitinol intracranial stent

Treatment of dissecting pseudoaneurysms of the distal cervical internal carotid artery with preservation of the parent artery by using stents or coils has become routine. Tortuosity remains a significant obstacle to successful endovascular treatment in some cases. We report the use of a stent-coil technique to treat a nonhealing dissecting pseudoaneurysm and associated stenosis with anatomic preservation of a redundant loop involving the stented arterial segment. This was accomplished by using a Neuroform dedicated intracranial stent.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗及临床观察

目的探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法对18例假性动脉瘤患者(肝动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤4例,脾动脉瘤1例,胸主动脉2例,周围血管9例),采用不同方法治疗。6例置入带膜支架,10例采用明胶海绵栓塞或弹簧圈栓塞,1例采用部分动脉瘤内填塞加供血动脉栓塞治疗,1例股动脉穿孔型假瘤采用压迫法。结果技术成功率100%。17例动脉瘤闭塞,症状体征消失;1例胸主动脉假瘤出现内瘘;未出现其他并发症。结论介入方法治疗假性动脉瘤安全有效。     

肾移植术后动脉并发症的介入治疗

目的总结肾移植术后动脉性并发症介入治疗的经验及价值评估。方法回顾分析肾移植患者中进行血管造影检查者52例，介入治疗方法包括动脉内血管成形术治疗动脉狭窄，动脉内用尿激酶溶栓治疗急性血栓栓塞和假性动脉瘤的栓塞治疗。结果12例移植肾动脉基本正常，21例显示动脉吻合13狭窄，2例吻合13处动脉瘤形成(其中1例合并吻合13狭窄)，14例为移植肾动脉内血栓形成，3例为移植肾内动脉稀少。单纯移植。肾动脉狭窄中，16例行经动脉内血管成形术(单纯球囊扩张12例，血管内支架4例)治疗，其中14例肾功能逐渐恢复正常，2例术后肾功能恢复不良，移植肾切除。13例动脉血栓患者接受溶栓治疗(1例溶栓后放置支架)，其中3例溶栓失败，1例血管通畅后肾功能未见明显恢复，余9例。肾功能恢复正常。1例假性动脉瘤合并吻合口狭窄接受吻合口球囊扩张及支架治疗，动脉瘤栓塞治疗，造影复查动脉瘤消失，临床症状改善。结论血管内介入治疗为肾移植术后并发症提供进一步治疗，可及早挽救移植肾。     

巨大动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的探讨巨大动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法对7例巨大动脉瘤(包括肺动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤2例,肱动脉瘤1例,右髂总动脉瘤1例,右髂内动脉瘤1例;其中真性动脉瘤5例,假性动脉瘤2例;原因为先天性、外伤性以及动脉硬化所致)3例采用置入带膜血管内支架治疗,2例采用动脉瘤内填塞治疗,2例采用部分动脉瘤内填塞加供血动脉栓塞治疗。结果7例巨大动脉瘤顺利完成了介入治疗手术,技术成功率为100％。6例动脉瘤闭塞,症状体征消失;1例右髂内动脉瘤复发破裂死亡。未出现其他并发症。结论介入方法是治疗巨大动脉瘤的有效方法。     

Minimally Invasive Therapy of Pseudoaneurysms of the Trunk: Application of Thrombin

Thrombin injection has been proven to be successful in postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms. However, there are only a few reports on the treatment of pseudoaneurysms of the trunk. We report our first experiences using a percutaneous as well as an endovascular access. Eight iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the trunk (aorta, n = 4; pulmonary artery, n = 1; gastroduodenal artery, n = 1; left gastric artery, n = 1, renal artery, n = 1) were treated either percutaneously using CT guidance (n = 3) or via an endovascular access (n = 5). Noninvasive control angiograms were performed at day 1 and weeks 1 and 3 by either CT or MR angiography. The total volume of the pseudoaneurysms was 31.2 ± 23.1 ml on average, with a mean volume of the perfused aneurysmal lumen of 12.9 ± 7.2 ml. The maximum diameter was 4.1 ± 1.39 cm on average. In each case, the aneurysmal neck was not wider than 2 mm. One pseudoaneurysm occluded spontaneously following selective catheterization. The remaining pseudoaneurysms were successfully treated by injection of 765 ± 438.1 IU thrombin. In one individual, a nontarget embolization occurred, as well as an intervention-associated rupture of a pseudoaneurysm. High-grade stenoses of the donor artery were found in a different case. Only once was the endoluminal access converted to a percutaneous one. Thrombin injection might be a future first-line treatment of vascular lesions such as pseudoaneurysms of the trunk. In our experience both percutanous and endoluminal access are technically feasible and safe. However, further experiences are mandatory, especially concerning the question of dosage and long-term results.     

Emergency stent grafting after unsuccessful surgical repair of a mycotic common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in a drug abuser

Mycotic false aneurysm caused by local arterial injury from attempted intravenous injections in drug addicts remains a challenging clinical problem. The continued increase in drug abuse has resulted in an increased incidence of this problem, particularly in high-volume urban centres. In the drug-abusing population, mycotic arterial pseudoaneurysms most often occur because of missed venous injection and are typically seen in the groin, axilla, and antecubital fossa. Mycotic aneurysms may lead to life-threatening haemorrhage, limb loss, sepsis, and even death. Any soft-tissue swelling in the vicinity of a major artery in an intravenous drug abuser should be suspected of being a false aneurysm until proven otherwise and should prompt immediate referral to a vascular surgeon for investigation and management. We report a case of rupturing mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the left common femoral artery treated by surgical resection followed by vessel reconstruction with autologous material. Unfortunately, at the time of discharge a sudden leakage from the vein graft anastomosis occurred, with subsequent massive bleeding, and required emergent endovascular covered stenting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of femoral artery bleeding in a drug abuser treated by stent graft placement.