羟乙基淀粉130/0.4预充液对围体外循环期患儿血管内皮细胞及血管通透性的影响

目的探讨羟乙基淀粉130／0．4预充液对先天性心脏病患儿围体外循环期血管内皮细胞(VEC)及血管通透性的影响。方法择期体外循环(CPB)下行心内直视手术的先天性心脏病患儿40例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,男19例,女21例,年龄5～18岁,随机分为2组(n=20):血浆组(对照组)和羟乙基淀粉130／0．4组(试验组)。对照组预充乳酸林格氏液和血浆,试验组预充乳酸林格氏液和羟乙基淀粉130／0．4。胶体预充液用量18-33 m1·kg-1,晶体:胶体=0．60-0．70。分别于转流前即刻(T1)、转流30min(T2)、转流结束即刻(T3)、转流结束6 h(T4)、术后第1天清晨(T5)检测血浆循环内皮细胞(CEC)数量、内毒素、可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及尿微量白蛋白(U-Mal)浓度。结果．T1时两组CEC、内毒素、sICAM-1、TNF-α、U-Mal差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。CEC:两组T2、T3及T4时较T1增高,T4时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。内毒素:两组T2、T3、T4时较T1升高,T3、T4、T5时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。sICAM-1:对照组T4、T5时较T1升高,T4时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。TNF-α:对照组T3时较T1升高,试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。U-Mal:两组T4时较T1升高,试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。结论羟乙基淀粉130／0．4预充液对先天性心脏病患儿围体外循环期VEC及其功能具有保护作用。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对心脏瓣膜置换术患者黏附分子表达的影响

目的观察体外循环（CPB）中使用6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4（6％HES130／0．4）对心脏瓣膜置换术患者细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）及血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1（PECAM-1）表达的影响。方法选择心脏二尖瓣瓣膜置换术患者60例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组,每组30例。6％HES130／0．4组（Ⅴ组）：人工心肺机中预充6％HES130／0．415ml／kg和琥珀酰明胶（Succinyhted Gelatin）对照组（C组）：人工心肺机中预充Succinyhted Gelatin 15ml／kg,两组分别于气管插管后至CPB开始前静脉输注6％HES130／0．4和Succinyhted Gehtin 10ml／kg。麻醉诱导后即刻（T0）、CPB主动脉阻断开放时（T1）、CPB结束时（T2）和手术结束时（T3）分别抽取外周动脉血,分离血清。检测血清中游离黏附分子（sAM）：sICAM-1、sVCAM-1及sPECAM-1）的含量。结果与C组比较,Ⅴ组T0、T1时血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1及sPECAM-1的含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;T2、T3时血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、sPECAM-1的含量明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论CPB中应用6％HES130／0．4可明显抑制外周血AM的表达,从而减轻CPB触发的炎性反应。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4体外循环预充对心脏手术患儿血浆胶体渗透压及乳酸水平的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) used as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and lactic acid (LAC) concentration in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods Forty infants of either sex with age ≤6 yr undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each): HES group and control group. The left radial artery and the right internal jugular vein were cannulated for blood pressure (BP) and the central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring. Arterial blood gases, blood LAC concentration, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and nasopharyngeal temperature were measured and recorded immediately before and 5 min after aortic cross-clamping, at the end of CPB and operation. Plasma COP was measured before induction of anesthesia (T1), at 5 and 30 min of CPB (T2 and T3, respectively), before routine ultra-filtration (T4), at the end of CPB (T5) and2 h in ICU (T6).Results The plasma LAC concentration was significantly lower and the COP significantly higher in HES group than in control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The plasma LAC concentration increased after aortic cross-clamping, reached the peak at the end of CPB and then declined at the end of operation, but was still higher than that before aortic cross-clamping in both groups. Plasma COP was significantly decreased during CPB as compared with the baseline at T1, but increased at T6 in both groups.Conclusion Using HES 130/0.4 as pdming fluid for CPB can effectively improve plasma COP and reduce blood LAC level in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.     

6%羟乙基淀粉对冠状动脉旁路移植术血浆胶体渗透压的影响

目的观察6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）中血浆胶体渗透压（COP）的影响。方法 34例行OPCAB患者（NYHAⅠ或Ⅱ级）,麻醉诱导时开始输注6%羟乙基淀粉至血管吻合完毕,总量控制为25～35ml/kg。分别于输注前（T0）、离断乳内动脉后（T1）、桥血管吻合完毕时（T2）监测血浆COP及血流动力学变化,并记录输液量、失血量、Hb、Hct及心脏指数（CI）。结果手术过程血流动力学稳定。T1时失血量（120±30）ml,输注6%羟乙基淀粉（998±110）ml,血浆COP由T0时（21.7±1.4）mmHg升高至（22.3±1.3）mmHg（P〈0.05）;T2时失血量（778±179）ml,输注6%羟乙基淀粉（2190±135）ml,血浆COP降至（21.5±1.4）mmHg。T2时Hb和Hct较T0时明显下降（P〈0.01）,但CI显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论 6%羟乙基淀粉可稳定OPCAB术血浆COP。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者的安全性

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6%HES 130/0.4)用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者的安全性.方法 拟在体外循环下行心脏外科手术患者60例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=30):HES组和4%琥珀酰明胶组(GEL组).术中HES组和GEL组分别静脉输注6%.HES 130/0.4和4%琥珀酰明胶7～12 ml·kg-1·h-1维持中心静脉压6～12 mm Hg和/或肺动脉楔压8～15 mm Hg体外循环预充液包括胶体液500～1000ml ICU 中 HES组和GEL组分别静脉输注6%HES 130/0.4和4%琥珀酰明胶60～120 ml/h.维持中心静脉压 6～12 mm Hg和/或肺功脉楔压8～15mm Hg 记求围术期血液动力学指标、红细胞压积,凝血功能指杯.肝、肾功能指标.液体出入量及不良反应的发生情况结果呐种胶体围术期平均用量都接近50 ml·kg-1·d-12组血液动力学,红细胞压枳、凝血功能指标、肝,肾功能指标.淑体出入量和小良反应发生率异无统汁学意义(P>0.05)结论围术期超大剂量6%HES 130/0.4(50ml·kg-1·d-1)可安全地用于体外循环心脏外科手术患者.     

体外循环心内直视术中6%羟乙基淀粉与明胶对渗透压和血液动力学的影响

羟乙基淀粉(Haes—sterils)是一种中分子量低取代级的淀粉类人工胶体,具有扩容作用良好、循环稳定效果佳、可改善氧供/氧耗、过敏性低等特点。本研究通过对6％羟乙基淀粉与明胶用于体外循环预充液及术中容量补充的比较,为人工胶体液临床应用提供客观依据。     

健康志愿者6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4的容量动力学

目的 探讨健康志愿者6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4的容量动力学.方法健康志愿者7名,性别不限,年龄18～32岁,体重46～84 kg.经60 min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 30ml/kg.采用Matlab 6.0版软件包进行容量动力学分析,采用F检验选择房室模型.结果 一室模型参数:基础清除率(3.5±1.3)ml/min,清除率(19±11)ml/min,一室模型分布容积(5746±1371)ml;二室模型参数:清除率(63±29)ml/min,交换系数(11±4)ml/min,中央室目标容积(1551±995)ml,外周室目标容积(908±398)ml,二室模型分布容积(2460±1332)ml.6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4扩张、转运、分布及消除等体内过程符合容量动力学一室模型(F值为3.81,P＞0.05).4 h清除率为(75±10)%.容量动力学一室模型分布容积与健康志愿者血容量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 健康志愿者6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性扩容符合容量动力学一室模型,提示羟乙基淀粉快速输注主要分布在血液,有效扩容时间4 h.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the volume kinetics of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in healthy volunteers.Methods Seven healthy volunteers aged 18-32 yr weighing 46-84 kg were selected in this study. 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 30 ml/kg was infused over 60 min. Volume kinetics analysis of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was performed with Matlab 6.0 software, compartment model was determined by F test.Results One-compartment model parameters: basic clearance, clearance and distribution volume of one-compartment model were (3.5 ± 1.3) ml/min,(19± 11) ml/min and (5746 ± 1371) ml respectively. Two-compartment model parameters: clearance, K1, the volume of central compartment, the volume of peripheral compartment, distribution volume of two-compartment model were (63 ±29) ml/min,(11 ±4) ml/min, (1551 ± 995) ml, (908 ±398) ml,(2460 ± 1332) ml respectively. There was no difference between the distribution volume of one-compartment model and blood volume of healthy volunteers ( P ＞ 0.05) .The distribution of infused 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was accordant with one-compartment model (F value was 3.81, P ＞ 0.05)and 4 h clearance was (75 ± 10)% .Conclusion The distribution of infused 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 for volume expansion is accordant with one-compartment model, and the effective duration of plasma volume expansion is 4 h.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4用于急性重型颅脑损伤手术的临床观察

目的 本文旨在规察6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(简称HES,下同)和高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液用于急性重型颅脑损伤手术的临床价值.方法 我院2007年9月至2008年3月完成急性重型颅脑损伤手术40例,随机均分为两组:HES组(Ⅰ组)和高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液组(Ⅱ组).分别于术前输注HES 20 ml/kg和高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液5 ml/kg.于治疗前(T1)、容量负荷后(T2)、麻酐诱导后(T3)、硬脑膜切开时(T4)、手术结束时(T5)五个时点记录颅内压(ICP)、脑氧分压(PbrO2);测量术前及术后24 h血S100β蛋白含量,记录术中液体总出入量和不良反应,并于术后3个月时根据格拉斯哥预后评分法(Glasgow outcome score,GOS)判定疗效.结果 ICP除T5时Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组,而同时PbrO2Ⅰ组则高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01)外,其他各时点差异无统计学意义.凝血参数由术前正常转为异常者Ⅰ组有2例,Ⅱ组有4例;术中皮肤红斑Ⅱ组有3例.两组术后24 h血液S100β蛋白含量与术前比较均有显著升高(P<0.05);其中Ⅰ组血液S100β蛋白含量上升差值较Ⅱ组低,但差异无统计学意义.预后结果组间差异无统计学意义.结论 急性重型颅脑损伤术前应用6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4较高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液能更好地降低颅内压,改善脑组织微循环及氧供,预后相似.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5急性高容量血液稀释对全麻患者凝血功能的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6% HES130/0.4)和6%羟乙基淀粉20010.5(6% HES200/0.5)急性高容量血液稀释(AHHD)对全麻患者凝血功能的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、6%HES200/0.5组(H组)及6%HES130/0.4组(V组).H组和V组于麻醉诱导前90 min分别静脉输注6% HES200/0.5或6% HES130/0.4,速率20 ml·kg-1·h-1,扩容量20ml/kg;C组仅静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液6～8 ml·kg-1·h-1.于AHHD前、AHHD后即刻及AHHD后1 h采血,进行下述指标的测定:血小板计数、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板最大聚集率和Sonoclot玻璃珠激活全血凝固时间(gbACT)、凝结速率(CR)、血小板功能(PF)和曲线达峰时间.H组和V组同时还测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)、von Willebrand因子(vWF)水平.结果 与AHHD前比较,H组和V组AHHD后PT和APTY均延长,FⅧ:C下降(P＜0.05),但2组AHHD后1 h FⅧ:C高于AHHD后即刻(P＞0.05);H组和V组AHHD后血小板最大聚集率降低,但AHHD后1 h高于AHHD后即刻(P＜0.05).与H组比较,V组AHHD后CR降低(P＜0.05),其他凝血功能指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 6%HES130/0.4和6% HES200/0.5(20 ml/kg)AHHD对全麻患者凝血功能的抑制作用较轻;两者对凝血功能的影响无明显差异.     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对兔内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响

目的观察羟乙基淀粉130／0．4（万汶,Voluven）对兔内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响。方法雄性新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为三组,每组8只。脂多糖（LPS）组与LPS＋Voluven组用LPS“二次打击法”复制内毒素性肺损伤模型,LPS组用生理盐水（NS）,LPS＋Voluven组羟乙基淀粉10ml／kg后再用NS维持输液;NS组用NS代替LPS注射,用NS维持输液。于第2次注射LPS／NS前（T0）、第2次注射LPS／NS后1h（T1）、4h（T4）、8h（T8）测定氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）、肺动态顺应性（Cdyn）;于T0、T4、T8测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）浓度;于实验结束时测定肺通透指数（LPI）和肺水含量。结果T1、T4、T8时LPS组与LPS＋Voluven组PaO2／FiO2与Cdyn较T0时均有下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,但LPS＋Voluven组高于LPS组（P〈0．01）;T4、T8时LPS组与LPS＋Voluven组TNF-α与IL-8较T0时均有升高（P〈0．01）,但LPS＋Voluven组低于LPS组（P〈0．01）;LPS组与LPS＋Voluven组LPI和肺水含量大于NS组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,LPS＋Voluven组低于LPS组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论10ml／kg羟乙基淀粉130／0．4可减轻龟内毒素性急性肺损伤,抑制炎性反应可能是其机制之一。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释对骨科手术患者内环境的影响

目的探讨硬膜外复合全身麻醉下6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释对骨科手术患者内环境的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期骨科手术患者28例,随机均分为急性高容量血液稀释组(AHH组)和对照组(C组)。均采用硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉。AHH组硬膜外阻滞起效后开始血液稀释,快速输入6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.420ml/kg,速率50ml/min;C组常规输液。术中连续监测MAP、HR、SpO2、CVP、ECG和PETCO2。分别于稀释前即刻(T0)、稀释后5min(T1)、120min(T2)采取桡动脉血进行电解质、乳酸(Lac)、血糖(BG)、尿素氮(BUN)、Hct及Hb测定,计算血浆渗透浓度(Posm)。结果AHH组Hct及Hb血液稀释后下降约20%。与C组相比,AHH组患者的MAP、HR较平稳,术中输液量、尿量增多。与T0相比,AHH组T1时CVP升高,T2时pH值降低(P<0.05)。两组患者的BG在T2时增高,且C组高于AHH组(P<0.05)。两组各时点血电解质、Lac、BUN、HCO3-、BE、Posm等各指标差异均无统计学意义。结论硬膜外复合全身麻醉下6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释能维持内环境的相对稳定。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能的影响.方法 择期行胃肠肿瘤切除术老年患者30例,年龄65～85岁,体重45～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为HES组和生理盐水组(NS组),每组15例.麻醉诱导气管插管后吸入异氟醚(呼气末浓度0.5%～1.5%)维持麻醉,两组分别于气管插管后以10～15 ml·kg-1·h-1的速率经颈内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液、生理盐水25 ml/kg.分别于输注前、输注完毕30 min、4 h时肘静脉抽血样,测定血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、血小板计数(Plt),凝血酶原时间(PT)、激活部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆Ⅷ因子和假性血友病因子(vWF),Sunoclot血小板功能分析仪测定玻璃珠激活全血凝固时间(gbACT)、凝血速率及血小板功能.结果 两组输注完30 min、4 h时Hb与Plt较输注前明显降低(P<0.01);两组输注前后PT、AFIT、FIB、血浆Ⅷ因子和vWF差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组输注前后gbACT、凝血速率及血小板功能差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术中输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 25 ml/kg对老年患者凝血功能和血小板功能无明显影响.     

Large-dose hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. METHODS: One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P < 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. CONCLUSION: Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.