富血小板血浆诱导骨髓间充质干细胞修复坐骨神经缺损：并与自体神经修复的效果相比较

目的：通过植入经PRP诱导的BMSCs结合化学萃取的去细胞神经修复坐骨神经缺损,观察其对周围神经的修复作用。 方法：32只新西兰大耳白兔,随机分成4组,即单纯的化学萃取的去细胞神经、BMSCs结合化学萃取的去细胞神经、经PRP诱导的BMSCs结合化学萃取的去细胞神和自体神经修复坐骨神经缺损,检测指标包括形态学观察、靶肌肉肌湿重恢复率、运动神经传导速度（MNCV）及轴突直径和髓鞘厚度等。 结果：结果显示,靶肌肉肌湿重恢复率、MNCV、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度和形态学观察在经PRP诱导的BMSCs结合化学萃取的去细胞神经组明显优于单纯的化学萃取的去细胞神经组和BMSCs结合化学萃取的去细胞神经组,而与自体神经修复组结果相似。 结论：经诱导后的BMSCs在体内具有SC的部分功能,可作为组织工程化外周神经的种子细胞,用于周围神经缺损的修复。     

Nanofibrous nerve conduits for repair of 30-mm-long sciatic nerve defects*

It has been confirmed that nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nerve conduit can promote peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. However, its efficiency in repair of over 30-mm-long sciatic nerve defects needs to be assessed. In this study, we used a nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nerve conduit to bridge a 30-mm-long gap in the rat sciatic nerve. At 4 months after nerve conduit implantation, regenerated nerves were macroscopically observed and histologically assessed. In the nanofibrous graft, the rat sciatic nerve trunk had been reconstructed by restoration of nerve continuity and formation of myelinated nerve fiber. There were Schwann cells and glial cells in the regenerated nerves. Masson’s trichrome staining showed that there were no pathological changes in the size and structure of gastrocnemius muscle cells on the operated side of rats. These findings suggest that nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nerve conduit is suitable for repair of long-segment sciatic nerve defects.     

无细胞神经支架复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程人工神经修复坐骨神经缺损*☆

背景：作者已经成功制备了无细胞神经移植物,并且复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程人工神经桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损。 目的：无细胞神经移植物复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程人工神经修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损后运动功能的恢复。 方法：成年雄性SD大鼠构建大鼠坐骨神经15 mm缺损模型,分别应用组织工程人工神经、组织工程神经支架或自行神经桥接坐骨神经缺损。桥接后20周再生神经电生理学测定,手术侧胫骨前肌湿质量、腓肠肌组织学及透视电镜分析。 结果与结论：桥接20周后,组织工程人工神经与自体神经移植组胫骨前肌湿质量比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),神经干传导速度为(30.56±2.15)m/s。结果提示,无细胞神经移植物复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建的组织工程人工神经桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损后,可以促进再生神经运动功能的恢复。     

Combining chitin biological conduits with small autogenous nerves and platelet-rich plasma for the repair of sciatic nerve defects in rats

AimsPeripheral nerve defects are often difficult to recover from, and there is no optimal repair method. Therefore, it is important to explore new methods of repairing peripheral nerve defects. This study explored the efficacy of nerve grafts constructed from chitin biological conduits combined with small autogenous nerves (SANs) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) for repairing 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects in rats.MethodsTo prepare 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects, SANs were first harvested and PRP was extracted. The nerve grafts consisted of chitin biological conduits combined with SAN and PRP, and were used to repair rat sciatic nerve defects. These examinations, including measurements of axon growth efficiency, a gait analysis, electrophysiological tests, counts of regenerated myelinated fibers and observations of their morphology, histological evaluation of the gastrocnemius muscle, retrograde tracing with Fluor‐Gold (FG), and motor endplates (MEPs) distribution analysis, were conducted to evaluate the repair status.ResultsTwo weeks after nerve transplantation, the rate and number of regenerated axons in the PRP‐SAN group improved compared with those in the PRP, SAN, and Hollow groups. The PRP‐SAN group exhibited better recovery in terms of the sciatic functional index value, composite action potential intensity, myelinated nerve fiber density, myelin sheath thickness, and gastrectomy tissue at 12 weeks after transplantation, compared with the PRP and SAN groups. The results of FG retrograde tracing and MEPs analyses showed that numbers of FG‐positive sensory neurons and motor neurons as well as MEPs distribution density were higher in the PRP‐SAN group than in the PRP or SAN group.ConclusionsNerve grafts comprising chitin biological conduits combined with SANs and PRP significantly improved the repair of 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects in rats and may have therapeutic potential for repairing peripheral nerve defects in future applications.     

化学去细胞异体神经进趋化性再生的作用

Acellular nerve allograft preserves the basilar membrane tube and extracellular matrix, which pro-motes selective regeneration of neural defects via bridging. In the present study, a Sprague Dawley rat sciatic nerve was utilized to prepare acellular nerve allografts through the use of the chemical extraction method. Subsequently, the allograft was transplanted into a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in Wistar rats, while autologous nerve grafts from Wistar rats served as controls. Compared with autologous nerve grafts, the acellular nerve allografts induced a greater number of degenerated nerve fibers from sural nerves, as well as a reduced misconnect rate in motor fibers, fewer acetyl-choline esterase-positive sural nerves, and a greater number of carbonic anhydrase-positive sen-sory nerve fibers. Results demonstrated that the acellular nerve allograft exhibited significant neural selective regeneration in the process of bridging nerve defects.     

Combining acellular nerve allografis with brain- derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells restores sciatic nerve injury better than either intervention alone

In this study, we chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts from bilateral sciatic nerves, and repaired 10-mm sciatic nerve defects in rats using these grafts and brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Experiments were performed in three groups： the acellular nerve allograft bridging group, acellular nerve allograft ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group, and the acellular nerve allograft ＋ brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchyrnal stem cells group. Results showed that at 8 weeks after bridging, sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, and number of myelinated nerve fibers were significantly changed in the three groups. Variations were the largest in the acellular nerve allograft ＋ brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the other two groups. Experimental findings suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft combined nerve factor and mesenchymal stem cells can promote the restoration of sciatic nerve defects. The repair effect seen is better than the single application of acellular nerve allograft or acellular nerve allograft combined mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.     

Sciatic nerve repair by acellular nerve xenografts implanted with BMSCs in rats xenograft combined with BMSCs

Acellular nerves possess the structural and biochemical features similar to those of naive endoneurial tubes, and have been proved bioactive for allogeneil graft in nerve tissue engineering. However, the source of allogenic donators is restricted in clinical treatment. To explore sufficient substitutes for acellular nerve allografts (ANA), we investigated the effectiveness of acellular nerve xenografts (ANX) combined with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on repairing peripheral nerve injuries. The acellular nerves derived from Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand rabbits were prepared, respectively, and BMSCs were implanted into the nerve scaffolds and cultured in vitro. All the grafts were employed to bridge 1 cm rat sciatic nerve gaps. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): ANA group, ANX group, BMSCs-laden ANA group, BMSCs-laden ANX group, and autologous nerve graft group. At 8 weeks post-transplantation, electrophysiological study was performed and the regenerated nerves were assayed morphologically. Besides, growth-promoting factors in the regenerated tissues following the BMSCs integration were detected. The results indicated that compared with the acellular nerve control groups, nerve regeneration and functional rehabilitation for the xenogenic nerve transplantation integrated with BMSCs were advanced significantly, and the rehabilitation efficacy was comparable with that of the autografting. The expression of neurotrophic factors in the regenerated nerves, together with that of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the spinal cord and muscles were elevated largely. In conclusion, ANX implanted with BMSCs could replace allografts to promote nerve regeneration effectively, which offers a reliable approach for repairing peripheral nerve defects.     

Ganglioside promotes the bridging of sciatic nerve defects in cryopreserved peripheral nerve allografts

Previous studies have shown that exogenous gangliosides promote nervous system regeneration and synapse formation.In this study,10 mm sciatic nerve segments from New Zealand rabbits were thawed from cryopreservation and were used for the repair of left sciatic nerve defects through allograft bridging.Three days later,1 m L ganglioside solution(1 g/L) was subcutaneously injected into the right hind leg of rabbits.Compared with non-injected rats,muscle wet weight ratio was increased at 2–12 weeks after modeling.The quantity of myelinated fibers in regenerated sciatic nerve,myelin thickness and fiber diameter were elevated at 4–12 weeks after modeling.Sciatic nerve potential amplitude and conduction velocity were raised at 8 and 12 weeks,while conduction latencies were decreased at 12 weeks.Experimental findings indicate that ganglioside can promote the regeneration of sciatic nerve defects after repair with cryopreserved peripheral nerve allografts.     

HRP逆行示踪评价复合骨髓间充质干细胞的无细胞神经移植物

背景：作者前期将无细胞神经移植物与骨髓间充质干细胞复合培养,成功构建了组织工程人工神经。 目的：应用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)神经逆行示踪技术对无细胞神经移植物复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建的神经移植复合体桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损后运动神经元的保护作用进行评价。 方法：成年清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分成3组：①实验组：采用复合骨髓间充质干细胞的无细胞神经移植物桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损。②空白对照组：采用无细胞神经移植物桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损。③自体神经对照组：采用自体神经移植桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损。术后12周应用辣根过氧化物酶神经逆行示踪技术对脊髓前角运动神经元的再生进行评价。 结果与结论：术后12周脊髓前角运动神经元再生评价结果显示：实验组优于无细胞神经移植物组,而与自体神经移植物组相比差异无显著性意义。证实无细胞神经移植物复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程人工神经修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损,对大鼠脊髓运动神经元具有保护作用,可能达到与自体神经移植相似的效果。 关键词：无细胞神经移植物;骨髓间充质干细胞;辣根过氧化物酶;神经移植;大鼠     

Acellular allogeneic nerve grafting combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the repair of long-segment sciatic nerve defects:biomechanics and validation of mathematical models

We hypothesized that a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft used in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation would be an effective treatment for long-segment sciatic nerve defects. To test this, we established rabbit models of 30 mm sciatic nerve defects, and treated them using either an autograft or a chemically decellularized allogeneic nerve graft with or without simultaneous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We compared the tensile properties, electrophysiological function and morphology of the damaged nerve in each group. Sciatic nerves repaired by the allogeneic nerve graft combined with stem cell trans-plantation showed better recovery than those repaired by the acellular allogeneic nerve graft alone, and produced similar results to those observed with the autograft. These ifndings conifrm that a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with transplanta-tion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is an effective method of repairing long-segment sciatic nerve defects.     

Immunological rejection of acellular heterogeneous nerve transplant for bridging the sciatic nerve in rats

BACKGROUND:Artificial materials composed of acellular heterogeneous nerves can resolve donor shortage problems for the repair of peripheral nerve defects.However,it remains unclear whether artificial materials can overcome immunological rejection of heterogeneous nerve grafts and obtain similar effects as allogeneic nerve grafts.OBJECTIVE:To analyze regeneration and immunological rejection of defective sciatic nerves in rats through the use of acellular heterogeneous nerve grafts.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled study was performed at the Department of Anatomy,China Medical University and the Experimental Center,First Affiliated Hospital,China Medical University between January and December 2008.MATERIALS:TritonX-100 (Sigma,USA) and deoxycholate (Pierce,USA) were used.METHODS:Bilateral sciatic nerves were collected from adult rabbits and treated with TritonX-100 and sodium deoxycholate to prepare acellular sciatic nerves,which were used to bridge 1 -cm defective sciatic nerves in adult rats.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The lymphocyte percentage in leukocytes was quantified following hemocyte staining.Neural regeneration and the recovery of motor end plates in the gastrocnemius muscle were observed under optical and electronic microscopy following toluidine blue staining,as well as acetylcholinesterase and succinate dehydrogenase histochemical staining.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the lymphocyte percentage in leucocytes between transplanted and normal rats (P > 0.05).At 3 months after surgery,the rat toes on the operated side were separated and the rats could walk.In addition,the footplates exhibited an escape response when acupunctured.A large number of regenerated nerve fibers were observed in the transplant group,and acetylcholinesterase-positive motor end plates were visible in fibers of the gastrocnemius muscle.CONCLUSION:Acellular heterogeneous nerve transplants for the repair of defective sciatic nerves in rats promote neural regeneration without significant immunological rejection.     

Effects of FK506 on nerve regeneration and reinnervation after graft or tube repair of long nerve gaps.

We compared the effects of FK506 administration on regeneration and reinnervation after sciatic nerve resection and repair with an autologous graft or with a silicone tube leaving a 6-mm gap in the mouse. Functional reinnervation was assessed by noninvasive methods to determine recovery of motor, sensory, and sweating functions in the hindpaw over 4 months after operation. Morphometric analysis of the regenerated nerves was performed at the end of follow-up. The nerve graft allowed for faster and higher levels of reinnervation in the four functions tested than silicone tube repair. Treatment with FK506 (for the first 9 weeks only) resulted in a slight, although not significant, improvement of the onset of reinnervation and of the maximal degree of recovery achieved after autografting. The recovery of pain sensibility and of the compound nerve action potentials in the digital nerves, which directly depend on axonal regeneration, showed better progression with FK506 than reinnervation of muscles and sweat glands, which require reestablishment of synaptic contacts with target cells. The myelinated fibers in the regenerated nerve showed a more mature appearance in the FK506-treated rats. However, FK506 showed a marginal effect in situations in which regeneration was limited, as in a silicone tube bridging a 6-mm gap in the mouse sciatic nerve. In conclusion, treatment with FK506 improved the rate of functional recovery after nerve resection and autograft repair.     

A simple model of radial nerve injury in the rhesus monkey to evaluate peripheral nerve repair

Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripher-al nerve defects in rodents. In this study, we established a standardized experimental model of radial nerve defects in primates and evaluated the effect of repair on peripheral nerve injury. We repaired 2.5-cm lesions in the radial nerve of rhesus monkeys by transplantation of autografts, acellular allografts, or acellular allografts seeded with autologous bone marrow stem cells. Five months after surgery, regenerated nerve tissue was assessed for function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by the wrist-extension test. Compared with the simple autografts, the acellular allografts and allografts seeded with bone marrow stem cells facilitated remarkable recovery of the wrist-extension functions in the rhesus monkeys. This functional improvement was coupled with radial nerve distal axon growth, a higher percentage of neuron survival, increased nerve fiber density and diameter, increased myelin sheath thickness, and increased nerve conduction velocities and peak amplitudes of compound motor action potentials. Furthermore, the quality of nerve regeneration in the bone marrow stem cells-laden allografts group was comparable to that achieved with autografts. The wrist-extension test is a simple behavioral method for objective quantification of peripheral nerve regeneration.     

Chondroitinase ABC improves recovery of long sciatic nerve defects

Sciatic nerves from allogeneic Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC and were used to bridge damaged sciatic nerves in Wistar rats. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were removed from the chemically extracted acellular nerves. At 3 months after grafting, the footplate pinch test result was positive in the Wistar rats. Autotomy scores decreased, and increased muscular contraction tension appeared when triceps surae muscles were stimulated. In addition, the recovery rate of wet triceps surae muscle weight increased, and the distal segment of the chondroitinase ABC-treated graft exhibited Schwann cells next to the nerve fibers. These results suggested that chondroitinase ABC pretreatment enhanced repair of long nerve defects via acellular nerve grafting.     

Nerve guides seeded with autologous schwann cells improve nerve regeneration

This study evaluates the ability of Schwann cells (SCs) transplanted into a nerve guide to improve regeneration and reinnervation after sciatic nerve resection and repair, leaving a 6-mm gap, in the mouse. SCs were isolated from predegenerated adult sciatic nerves and expanded in culture using a chemically defined medium. Syngeneic, isogeneic, and autologous SCs were suspended in Matrigel and seeded in resorbable, permeable poly(l-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) guides at 150,000 cells/tube. Guides containing SCs were compared to guides filled with Matrigel alone and with peroneal nerve autografts. Functional reinnervation was assessed by noninvasive methods to determine recovery of sweating, nociceptive, sensory, and motor functions in the hindpaw during 4 months postoperation. Morphological analysis of the regenerated nerves was performed at the end of follow-up. The group with an autograft achieved faster and higher levels of reinnervation and higher number of regenerated myelinated fibers than groups repaired by tubulization. The immunogenicity of transplanted SCs influenced the outcome of nerve regeneration. Transplants of autologous SCs resulted in slightly lower levels of reinnervation than autografts, but higher recovery and number of regenerated fibers reaching the distal nerve than transplants of isologous and syngeneic SCs, although most of the differences were not statistically significant. Syngeneic SCs did not improve regeneration with respect to acellular guides. Prelabeled transplanted SCs were found to survive into the guide 1-3 months after implantation, to a larger number when they were autologous than syngeneic. Cellular prostheses composed of a resorbable guide seeded with autologous SCs appear as an alternative for repairing long gaps in injured nerves, approaching the success of autografts.     

Nerve defect repair by differentiated adipose-derived stem cells and chondroitinase ABC-treated acellular nerves

Objective: To evaluate the effects of differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (dADSC) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC)-treated acellular nerves (ACN) in building artificial nerves and repairing nerve defects. Methods: ADSC were isolated from the adipose tissue of Wistar rats, induced to differentiate into Schwann-like cells, and implanted into ChABC-treated ACN to repair a 15-mm sciatic nerve defect in Sprague–Dawley rats (the experimental group, group D). The control groups were an autologous nerve transplantation group (group E); ACN (group A), ChABC-treated ACN graft group (group B), and dADSC + ACN (group C). Twelve weeks after surgery, electromyography recordings, tricep surae muscle wet weight recovery rate, and axon counts were measured to evaluate the repair of peripheral nerve defects. Results: The nerve conduction velocity, compound muscle action potentials, tricep surae muscle wet weight recovery rate, and myelinated axon counts in the ChABC-ACN/dADSC group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05), which were all lower than the autologous group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The combination of ChABC-treated ACN and dADSC exhibited a synergistic effect in promoting nerve regeneration, and could be an alternative for effective tissue-engineered nerves.     

Combining acellular nerve allografts with brainderived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells restores sciatic nerve injury better than either intervention alone

In this study,we chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts from bilateral sciatic nerves,and repaired 10-mm sciatic nerve defects in rats using these grafts and brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Experiments were performed in three groups: the acellular nerve allograft bridging group,acellular nerve allograft + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group,and the acellular nerve allograft + brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group.Results showed that at 8 weeks after bridging,sciatic functional index,triceps wet weight recovery rate,myelin thickness,and number of myelinated nerve fibers were significantly changed in the three groups.Variations were the largest in the acellular nerve allograft + brain-derived neurotrophic factor transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the other two groups.Experimental findings suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft combined nerve factor and mesenchymal stem cells can promote the restoration of sciatic nerve defects.The repair effect seen is better than the single application of acellular nerve allograft or acellular nerve allograft combined mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.     

Use of FK506 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for rat hind limb allografts

Dark Agouti rat donor hind limbs were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis rat recipients to verify the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on neural regeneration and functional recovery of allotransplanted limbs in the microenvironment of immunotolerance. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were intramuscularly (gluteus maximus) injected with FK506 (tacrolimus) daily, and were transplanted to the injured nerves. Results indicated that the allograft group not receiving therapy showed severe rejection, with transplanted limbs detaching at 10 days after transplantation with complete necrosis. The number of myelinated axons and Schwann cells in the FK506 and FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells groups were significantly increased. We observed a lesser degree of gastrocnemius muscle degeneration, and increased polymorphic fibers along with other pathological changes in the FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group. The FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group showed significantly better recovery than the autograft and FK506 groups. The results demonstrated that FK506 improved the immune microenvironment. FK506 combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly promoted sciatic nerve regeneration, and improved sensory recovery and motor function in hind limb allotransplant.     

含神经生长因子的壳聚糖导管桥接周围神经缺损的实验研究

目的 应用含有神经生长因子(NGF)的壳聚糖神经导引管作为神经再生室桥接大鼠坐骨神经缺损，观察其对神经再生的作用。方法 选用Wistat大鼠60只，手术造成右后肢坐骨神经长约15mm的缺损，A组以含有NGF的壳聚糖神经导引管桥接神经缺损，B组则单纯采用壳聚糖导管，分别于术后4、12、24周进行大体及显微解剖观察、组织学检查、电镜观察和神经电生理测定。结果 A组在促进神经再生、加快血管化进程、再生神经纤维排列规律化、提高再生神经髓鞘化、加速再生神经功能重建等方面均优于B组。结论 壳聚糖神经导引管可以为大鼠坐骨神经再生提供一个良好的再生微环境，NGF对神经再生有显促进作用。     

富血小板血浆诱导骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取去细胞神经修复坐骨神经缺损

背景：周围神经损伤早期许旺细胞尚未大量分裂增殖,此时由于解剖连续性的中断,通过轴浆逆向运输提供的营养因子骤减,缺乏神经营养因子支持的神经元有可能死亡,从而使周围神经不能再生或再生乏力。 目的：观察植入经富血小板血浆诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞结合去细胞神经修复坐骨神经缺损的效果。 方法：取新西兰大耳白兔制备坐骨神经缺损模型,随机抽签法分成4组：去细胞神经组,移植同种异体去细胞神经;骨髓间充质干细胞组,移植同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的同种异体去细胞神经：经诱导骨髓间充质干细胞组,移植经富血小板血浆诱导的同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的同种异体去细胞神经;自体神经组,移植自体神经。术后进行形态学观察与靶肌肉肌湿质量恢复率、运动神经传导速度、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度的检测。 结果与结论：经富血小板血浆诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的去细胞神经移植修复神经的靶肌肉肌湿质量恢复率、运动神经传导速度、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度及形态学观察明显优于移植单纯化学萃取的去细胞神经与骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的去细胞神经的效果,而与移植自体神经修复结果相似。说明经诱导后的骨髓间充质干细胞在体内具有许旺细胞的部分功能,可作为组织工程化外周神经的种子细胞,用于周围神经缺损的修复。