Localized grey matter damage in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis contributes to disability

Disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) has been correlated with damage to the normal appearing brain tissues. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and volume changes indicate that much of this damage occurs in the normal appearing grey matter, but the clinical significance of this remains uncertain. We aimed to localize these changes to distinct grey matter regions, and investigate the clinical impact of the MTR changes. 46 patients with early PPMS and 23 controls underwent MT and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging. Patients were scored on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite and subtests (Nine-Hole Peg Test, Timed Walk Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT]). Grey matter volume and MTR were compared between patients and controls, adjusting for age. Mean MTR for significant regions within the motor network and in areas relevant to PASAT performance were correlated with appropriate clinical scores, adjusting for grey matter volume. Patients showed reduced MTR and atrophy in the right pre- and left post-central gyri, right middle frontal gyrus, left insula, and thalamus bilaterally. Reduced MTR without significant atrophy occurred in the left pre-central gyrus, left superior frontal gyri, bilateral superior temporal gyri, right insula and visual cortex. Higher EDSS correlated with lower MTR in the right primary motor cortex (BA 4). In conclusion, localized grey matter damage occurs in early PPMS, and MTR change is more widespread than atrophy. Damage demonstrated by reduced MTR is clinically eloquent.     

基于体素形态学观察帕金森病患者全脑灰质:2年纵向MR研究

目的 探讨无痴呆症状的帕金森病(PD)患者全脑灰质结构随时间变化的特征。方法 采用T1W三维磁化准备快速梯度回波序列对20例无痴呆症状的PD患者(PD组)进行间隔2年的随访。纳入25名年龄和性别匹配的健康体检者作为对照组,采用SPM8进行基于体素的形态学分析技术的数据处理。结果 与对照组比较,PD组灰质萎缩区域包括双侧颞中回及小脑后叶;纵向比较发现,PD患者灰质萎缩区域集中在左侧额中回和扣带回、左侧顶下小叶及右侧小脑前叶和小脑蚓。结论 PD患者大脑灰质改变集中在颞叶和小脑,但随病情发展,左侧额顶叶和右侧小脑更为明显;这些特征性形态学变化可能是PD患者出现运动功能障碍的结构基础。     

慢性主观性耳鸣患者大脑局部一致性和灰质结构的MRI分析

目的 采用MRI观察慢性主观性耳鸣患者大脑局部神经活动和灰质结构的改变特点。方法 对21例慢性主观性耳鸣患者（病例组）和21名健康志愿者（对照组）行结构与功能MR扫描,采用基于体素的形态学及局部一致性（ReHo）方法,分析大脑灰质结构和体积改变。结果 与对照组比较,病例组右颞上回、颞中回和颞下回ReHo值增高（P<0.05）,右眶部额中回和三角部额下回、左侧额中回和角回及小脑蚓部ReHo值降低（P<0.05）,右颞中回和双侧额上回灰质体积缩小（P<0.01）。病例组右侧颞中回ReHo值与耳鸣残疾量表评分呈正相关（r=0.604,P=0.005）。结论 主观性耳鸣患者在听觉和非听觉不同脑区存在脑功能活动和灰质体积的改变,为寻找神经影像学标记提供了参考基础。     

Cerebral asymmetry and the effects of sex and handedness on brain structure: a voxel-based morphometric analysis of 465 normal adult human brains

We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine human brain asymmetry and the effects of sex and handedness on brain structure in 465 normal adults. We observed significant asymmetry of cerebral grey and white matter in the occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes (petalia), including Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale (PT) and the hippocampal formation. Males demonstrated increased leftward asymmetry within Heschl's gyrus and PT compared to females. There was no significant interaction between asymmetry and handedness and no main effect of handedness. There was a significant main effect of sex on brain morphology, even after accounting for the larger global volumes of grey and white matter in males. Females had increased grey matter volume adjacent to the depths of both central sulci and the left superior temporal sulcus, in right Heschl's gyrus and PT, in right inferior frontal and frontomarginal gyri and in the cingulate gyrus. Females had significantly increased grey matter concentration extensively and relatively symmetrically in the cortical mantle, parahippocampal gyri, and in the banks of the cingulate and calcarine sulci. Males had increased grey matter volume bilaterally in the mesial temporal lobes, entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, and in the anterior lobes of the cerebellum, but no regions of increased grey matter concentration.     

Thinner prefrontal cortex in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Structural neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have focused primarily on structural alterations in the medial temporal lobe, and only a few have examined grey matter reductions in the cortex. Recent advances in computational analysis provide new opportunities to use semi-automatic techniques to determine cortical thickness, but these techniques have not yet been applied in PTSD. Twenty-five male veterans with PTSD and twenty-five male veterans without PTSD matched for age, year and region of deployment were recruited. All the subjects were scanned using MRI. Subjects' brains were aligned using cortex-based alignment in a region of interest based approach. Individual cortical thickness maps were calculated from the MR images. Regions of interest examined included the bilateral superior frontal gyri, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral superior temporal gyri, and bilateral middle temporal gyri. In a large number of patients and controls, IQ scores and memory scores were also obtained. Individual cortical thickness maps were calculated from the MR images. Veterans with PTSD revealed reduced cortical thickness in the bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left superior temporal gyrus. Veterans with PTSD performed significantly worse on memory measures compared to control veterans. Cortical thickness correlated with memory measures in the veterans without PTSD, but not in the veterans with PTSD. Cortical thinning in these regions may thus correspond to functional abnormalities observed in patients with PTSD.     

肝硬化患者脑磁化传递成像和DWI定量研究

目的 利用磁化传递成像(MTI)和DWI技术评价肝硬化患者脑内的水代谢异常,分析其与各程度肝性脑病(HE)的相关性.方法 对54例肝硬化患者和13例正常对照组完成神经心理测试后进行常规头颅MRI扫描和MTI、DWI检查,分别计算脑内6个部位(包括灰质和白质)的磁化传递率(MTR)和表观弥散系数(ADC)值.结果 肝硬化组各部位的MTR较正常对照组均降低.Child C级的额叶及顶叶白质MTR与Child A、Child B级的差异有显著统计学意义.各部位ADC值随着HE的严重程度增高,但在HE分级中无显著性差异.结论 逐渐降低的MTR和升高的ADC提示肝硬化患者脑内存在弥漫的星形细胞肿胀并与HE分级有相关性,但对鉴别MHE无明显意义.     

弱视儿童的MRI全脑皮层厚度分析

目的 利用皮层厚度分析技术探讨弱视患儿脑灰质发育的异常.方法 对11例弱视患儿和10名视力正常儿童行3D T1WI扫描,数据应用Freesurfer软件进行后处理,以双样本独立t检验进行病例组和对照组的全脑皮层厚度比较,将具有统计学意义(P<0.05)的像素在标准脑模板上生成伪彩图.选取像素阈值为500个相邻像素,分析弱视患者皮层厚度改变的区域.结果 弱视组在双侧中央前回、左侧距状回前部、左侧颞上回和右侧额中回、额上回皮层厚度大于对照组;而在双侧舌回、枕颞外侧回、顶上小叶的区域,对照组皮层厚度大于弱视组.结论 皮层厚度分析研究能够发现弱视患儿与视觉相关的大脑区域的灰质皮层发育异常,从而为探讨弱视相关的神经结构发育异常提供有用信息.     

3.0 T高场磁共振磁化传递成像对特发性癫痫的研究

目的 应用磁化传递成像(MTI)技术研究特发性癫痫患者脑微观结构的改变.材料与方法 对32例特发性癫痫患者和32例健康志愿者行MTI序列扫描.利用统计参数图软件(SPM2)对图像进行基于体素分析,采用两样本t检验比较病例组与对照组磁化传递率(MTR)的差异,并分析MTR值与病程的相关性.结果 与正常对照组比较,病例组在双侧额中回、小脑前叶,右侧内侧前额叶、中央旁小叶、额上回及左侧顶下小叶MTR值降低(P＜0.05).左侧小脑后叶及枕叶舌回、梭状回MTR值与病程呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 MTI能够检测特发性癫痫潜在的神经病理变化,为癫痫病理生理机制研究提供理论依据.     

阿尔茨海默病及轻度认知障碍所致脑灰质体积及脑功能改变

目的 基于体素形态学分析(VBM)及静息态功能MRI(rs-fMRI)技术观察阿尔茨海默病(AD)及轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者全脑灰质体积及功能改变.方法 对AD(AD组)、MCI患者(MCI组)各30例及正常老年人30名(HC组)采集rs-fMRI和三维磁化强度预备梯度回波序列T1加权像,比较3组全脑灰质体积、脑区分...     

首发抑郁症伴自杀意念患者大脑功能连接时间动力学改变

目的 观察伴自杀意念(SI)首发抑郁症患者大脑功能连接(FC)的时间动力学改变。方法 前瞻性纳入57例首发抑郁症伴SI患者(SI组)、42例首发抑郁症不伴SI患者(NSI组)及48名健康志愿者(HC组),行脑功能MRI和抑郁症相关量表评估;根据FC密度(FCD)标准差量化整个大脑、大脑半球间及半球内动态FCD(dFCD)的时间变异性,分析FC时间动力学改变。结果 SI组汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项(HAMD-24)总分大于NSI组(P<0.05)。SI组左侧颞中回的全脑dFCD方差值高于NSI组和HC组(P均<0.05),SI组右侧颞中回半球内dFCD方差值高于HC组(P<0.05),而SI组和NSI组右侧额中回/额下回半球间dFCD方差值均低于HC组(P均<0.05)。结论 首发抑郁症伴SI患者额、颞叶FC存在动态改变。     

Voxel-based morphometric analysis of gray matter in first episode schizophrenia

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) may afford a more rapid and extensive survey of gray matter abnormalities in schizophrenia than manually drawn region of interest (ROI) analysis, the current gold standard in structural MRI. Unfortunately, VBM has not been validated by comparison with ROI analyses, nor used in first-episode patients with schizophrenia or affective psychosis, who lack structural changes associated with chronicity. An SPM99-based implementation of VBM was used to compare a group of 16 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a group of 18 normal controls and, as a further comparison, 16 first-episode patients with affective psychosis. All groups were matched for age and handedness. High spatial resolution structural images were normalized to the SPM99 template and then segmented, smoothed, and subjected to an ANCOVA. Schizophrenia vs control group comparisons: Voxel-by-voxel comparison of gray matter densities showed that only the left STG region was significantly different when corrected for multiple comparisons (P <.05), consistent with our previously reported manual ROI results. Analysis of the extent of voxel clusters, replicated with permutation analyses, revealed group differences in bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and insula (not previously examined by us with manually drawn ROI) and unilateral parietal lobe, but not in medial temporal lobe (where our ROI analysis had shown differences). However, use of a smaller smoothing kernel and a small volume correction revealed left-sided hippocampal group differences. Affective psychosis comparisons: When the same statistical thresholding criteria were used, no significant differences between affective psychosis patients and controls were noted. Since a major interest was whether patients with affective psychosis shared some anatomical abnormalities with schizophrenia, we applied a small volume correction and searched within the regions that were significantly less dense in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. With this statistical correction, the insula showed, bilaterally, the same pattern of differences in affective disorder subjects as that in schizophrenic subjects, whereas both left STG and left hippocampus showed statistical differences between affectives and schizophrenics, indicating the abnormalities specific to first-episode schizophrenia. These findings suggest both the promise and utility of VBM in evaluating gray matter abnormalities. They further suggest the importance of comparing VBM findings with more traditional ROI analyses until the reasons for the differences between methods are determined.     

Early alterations of cortical thickness and gyrification in migraine without aura: a retrospective MRI study in pediatric patients

BackgroundMigraine is the most common neurological disease, with high social-economical burden. Although there is growing evidence of brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with migraine, few studies have been conducted on children and no studies investigating cortical gyrification have been conducted on pediatric patients affected by migraine without aura.MethodsSeventy-two pediatric patients affected by migraine without aura and eighty-two controls aged between 6 and 18 were retrospectively recruited with the following inclusion criteria: MRI exam showing no morphological or signal abnormalities, no systemic comorbidities, no abnormal neurological examination. Cortical thickness (CT) and local gyrification index (LGI) were obtained through a dedicated algorithm, consisting of a combination of voxel-based and surface-based morphometric techniques. The statistical analysis was performed separately on CT and LGI between: patients and controls; subgroups of controls and subgroups of patients.ResultsPatients showed a decreased LGI in the left superior parietal lobule and in the supramarginal gyrus, compared to controls. Female patients presented a decreased LGI in the right superior, middle and transverse temporal gyri, right postcentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus compared to male patients. Compared to migraine patients younger than 12 years, the ≥ 12-year-old subjects showed a decreased CT in the superior and middle frontal gyri, pre- and post-central cortex, paracentral lobule, superior and transverse temporal gyri, supramarginal gyrus and posterior insula. Migraine patients experiencing nausea and/or vomiting during headache attacks presented an increased CT in the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsDifferences in CT and LGI in patients affected by migraine without aura may suggest the presence of congenital and acquired abnormalities in migraine and that migraine might represent a vast spectrum of different entities. In particular, ≥ 12-year-old pediatric patients showed a decreased CT in areas related to the executive function and nociceptive networks compared to younger patients, while female patients compared to males showed a decreased CT of the auditory cortex compared to males. Therefore, early and tailored therapies are paramount to obtain migraine control, prevent cerebral reduction of cortical thickness and preserve executive function and nociception networks to ensure a high quality of life.     

帕金森病轻度认知功能障碍:基于体素的全脑灰质形态学研究

目的采用基于体素的形态学测量方法,分析帕金森病(PD)伴轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者全脑灰质结构的变化。方法利用3.0T MR仪对22例伴MCI的PD患者(PD伴MCI组)、21例认知功能正常的PD患者(单纯PD组)及20名健康对照(NC组)进行T1W扫描。采用SPM8为基础的VBM8工具箱进行数据处理。结果与NC组比较,PD伴MCI组脑灰质萎缩见于双侧额叶、左侧颞叶、双侧枕叶、双侧小脑、左侧后扣带回及左侧海马区域;单纯PD组脑灰质萎缩集中出现于左侧额叶、颞叶。与单纯PD组相比,PD伴MCI组左侧颞中回和海马旁回出现灰质萎缩。结论伴有MCI的PD患者的脑灰质结构改变范围比不伴MCI者更广,提示PD患者认知功能改变存在脑形态结构水平的异常。     

Healthy individuals vs patients with bipolar or unipolar depression in gray matter volume

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed changes in gray matter volume (GMV) of patients with depression, but the differences between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) are less known.AIMTo analyze the whole-brain GMV data of patients with untreated UD and BD compared with healthy controls.METHODSFourteen patients with BD and 20 with UD were recruited from the Mental Health Center of Shantou University between August 2014 and July 2015, and 20 non-depressive controls were recruited. After routine three-plane positioning, axial T2WI scanning was performed. The connecting line between the anterior and posterior commissures was used as the scanning baseline. The scanning range extended from the cranial apex to the foramen magnum. Categorical data are presented as frequencies and were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. RESULTSThere were no significant intergroup differences in gender, age, or years of education. Disease course, age at the first episode, and Hamilton depression rating scale scores were similar between patients with UD and those with BD. Compared with the non-depressive controls, patients with BD showed smaller GMVs in the right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus and larger GMVs in the midbrain, left superior frontal gyrus, and right cerebellum. In contrast, UD patients showed smaller GMVs than the controls in the right fusiform gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, left paracentral lobule, right superior and inferior temporal gyri, and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum, and larger GMVs than the controls in the left posterior central gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. There was no difference in GMV between patients with BD and UD.CONCLUSIONUsing VBM, the present study revealed that patients with UD and BD have different patterns of changes in GMV when compared with healthy controls.     

Structural connectivity influences brain activation during PVSAT in Multiple Sclerosis

To assess the influence of white matter pathology on cortical reorganization, we probed the fronto-parietal attention network in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients by combining the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT) with fMRI-guided fiber tractography (FT). During the PVSAT, the control subjects activated the left inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, precentral gyrus, and medial and middle frontal gyri; while the precuneus and the inferior parietal lobule gyrus bilaterally, the left precentral and angular gyri and the right superior parietal lobule were activated in the MS group. At fMRI-guided FT, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) was the main white matter tract connecting areas active during the PVSAT. We then identified two subgroups of MS patients according to the SLF mean Fractional Anisotropy, used as indicator of integrity. The activations of the MS patients with a less damaged tract were in the left hemisphere, similarly to controls; while the patients with a more damaged SLF showed bilateral cortical activations. The MS subgroups, however, did not differ in PVSAT performance. This approach could be useful to investigate the relationship between brain structural and functional plastic changes and to identify different MRI endophenotypes related to the same level of cognitive impairment.     

Brain activation mediates the association between structural abnormality and symptom severity in schizophrenia

Thought disorder is a symptom of schizophrenia expressed as disorganized or incoherent speech. Severity of thought disorder correlates with decreased left superior temporal gyrus grey matter volume and cortical activation in posterior temporal regions during the performance of language tasks. The goal of this study was to determine whether language-related activation mediates the association between thought disorder and left superior temporal lobe grey matter volume. 12 patients with schizophrenia were assessed for thought disorder. FMRI images were acquired for each subject while they listened to English speech, along with a high resolution structural image. Thought disorder was used as a covariate in the functional analysis to identify brain regions within which activation correlated with symptom severity. Voxel based morphometry was used to calculate grey matter volume of the planum temporale. A mediation model waste-tested using a four-step multiple regression approach incorporating cortical volume, functional activation and symptom severity. Thought disorder correlated with activation in a single cluster within the left posterior middle temporal gyrus during listening to speech. Grey matter volume within the planum temporale correlated significantly with severity of thought disorder and activation within the functional cluster. Regressing thought disorder on grey matter volume and BOLD response simultaneously led to a significant reduction in the correlation between grey matter volume and thought disorder. These results support the hypothesis that the association between decreased grey matter volume in the left planum temporale and severity of thought disorder is mediated by activation in the posterior temporal lobe during language processing.     

未经治疗的首发精神分裂症患者脑灰质非对称性改变:基于VBM的MRI结构研究

目的:采用核磁共振成像及优化的基于体素形态学研究(voxel based morphometry,VBM)新技术分析未经治疗的首发精神分裂症患者的脑结构非对称性改变。方法:对符合DSM-IV精神分裂症诊断标准,同时未经药物治疗的首发精神分裂症住院患者以及正常志愿者各20例进行核磁共振扫描脑结构成像及基于VBM的脑非对称性分析。结果:病例组较正常对照显示出明显的正常非对称性减低甚至反转的改变。正常右利手左半球优势区域如额上回、颞中回、扣带回、眶回、尾状核头以及丘脑的非对称性下降;中央后回非对称性反转;海马及海马旁回的右大于左的非对称性增加。结论:脑非对称性在未用药物治疗的首发精神分裂症患者中有明显的异常改变,提示精神分裂症患者存在原发的脑结构非对称性异常,脑非对称性紊乱的存在反映了神经异常发育与精神分裂症的发病的关联。精神分裂症患者存在的脑结构非对称性异常可能构成了精神分裂症的神经生物学表征。     

In vivo evidence of disseminated subpial T2* signal changes in multiple sclerosis at 7 T: a surface-based analysis

Cortical subpial demyelination is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is closely associated with disease progression and poor neurological outcome. Although cortical lesions have been difficult to detect using conventional MRI, preliminary data using T2*-weighted imaging at ultra-high field 7T MRI showed improved sensitivity for detecting and categorizing different histological types of cortical MS lesions. In this study we combined high-resolution 7T MRI with a surface-based analysis technique to quantify and map subpial T2*-weighted signal changes in seventeen patients with MS. We applied a robust method to register 7T data with the reconstructed cortical surface of each individual and used a general linear model to assess in vivo an increase in subpial T2*-weighted signal in patients versus age-matched controls, and to investigate the spatial distribution of cortical subpial changes across the cortical ribbon. We also assessed the relationship between subpial T2* signal changes at 7T, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and white matter lesion load (WMLL). Patients with MS showed significant T2*-weighted signal increase in the frontal lobes (parsopercularis, precentral gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex), anterior cingulate, temporal (superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri), and parietal cortices (superior and inferior parietal cortex, precuneus), but also in occipital regions of the left hemisphere. We found significant correlations between subpial T2*-weighted signal and EDSS score in the precentral gyrus (ρ=0.56, P=0.02) and between T2*-weighted signal and WMLL in the lateral orbitofrontal, superior parietal, cuneus, precentral and superior frontal regions. Our data support the presence of disseminated subpial increases in T2* signal in subjects with MS, which may reflect the diffuse subpial pathology described in neuropathology.     

维持性血液透析患者脑体积变化及其与睡眠质量、焦虑及抑郁的相关性

目的 采用基于体素的形态学测量（VBM）法观察终末期肾病（ESRD）维持性血液透析患者脑体积变化及其与睡眠质量、抑郁及焦虑的相关性。方法 对20例ESRD维持性血液透析患者（病例组）和21名健康志愿者（正常对照组）行MR扫描及神经心理学量表测评,包括蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）与抑郁自评量表（SDS）。比较2组间脑体积变化,分析病例组脑体积变化区域与神经心理学测量评分的相关性。结果 与正常对照组相比,病例组左侧颞中回、右侧额中回及左内侧额上回的脑灰质体积减小（P均<0.001,AlphaSim多重校正后）;2组间MoCA、PSQI、SAS及SDS评分差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。病例组左侧颞中回体积减小分别与PSQI、SDS及SAS评分呈负相关（r=-0.588、-0.456、-0.489,P=0.006、0.043、0.029）;右侧额中回体积减小分别与SDS及SAS评分呈负相关（r=-0.495、-0.466,P=0.026、0.038）;左内侧额上回体积减小分别与MoCA评分呈正相关（r=0.462,P=0.040）,与PSQI评分呈负相关（r=-0.588,P=0.006）。结论 ESRD维持性血液透析患者部分脑灰质体积萎缩,并有认知功能下降;伴睡眠质量差、焦虑或抑郁者可能与相应脑灰质体积减少有关。     

基于体素的形态学测量-自建模板及微分同胚图像融合算法评价近期发病创伤后应激障碍患者脑结构

目的 采用基于体素形态学测量-自建模板及微分同胚图像融合（VBM-DARTEL）算法,对比近期发病创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者与有创伤暴露史的健康对照（TEHC）间脑结构的体积差异,分析差异脑区的体积与患者症状严重程度的相关性。方法 采集地震后7~15个月右利手的地震幸存者的高分辨率三维T1WI图像,其中近期发病PTSD患者28例（PTSD组）、TEHC 28名（TEHC组）。采用MatLab 2012b工作平台下SPM8软件的VBM-DARTEL工具包预处理图像。以性别、年龄、受教育程度、地震后时间及颅内容积为协变量,对比两组间全脑灰质和白质的体积差异。以与上述相同的协变量评价差异脑区的体积与患者临床创伤后应激障碍诊断量表（CAPS）评分间的相关性。结果 与TEHC组相比,PTSD组右侧舌回灰质体积增加,右侧楔叶、右侧枕中回、右侧丘脑及双侧颞上回灰质体积缩小,左侧颞上回白质体积缩小。两组间海马灰质体积差异无统计学意义。左侧颞上回灰质体积与患者CAPS评分呈负相关。结论 近期发病PTSD患者结构改变以部分脑区灰白质萎缩为主。近期发病PTSD患者海马体积无萎缩可能是与病程延续数年PTSD患者不同的脑结构特征。