储存式自体输血在前置胎盘孕妇中的临床应用

目的:探讨妊娠晚期储存式自体输血在前置胎盘孕妇中的应用价值。方法:选择2011-03-2015-06妇产科住院分娩的前置胎盘患者83例。在择期剖宫产终止妊娠前3周,每次采血200ml储存备用。采血前30min内和采血后2h内行患者血压、心率监测及胎心监护;采血前后监测孕妇血压、心率、呼吸情况;检测采血前后和自体血回输后红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞沉降率(Hct)、血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)等指标。结果:采血及回输过程中母胎一般情况良好,新生儿Apgar评分为9~10分。83例前置胎盘孕妇采血前后及分娩后血压、心率、呼吸均无明显变化(P0.05)。采血前后和自体血回输后RBC、Hb、Hct、PLT、PT、APTT等指标无显著变化(P0.05)。结论:妊娠晚期前置胎盘孕妇应用储存式自体输血安全性好,不会对母胎产生明显影响,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

急性等容稀释联合回收式自体输血在前置胎盘手术中的应用

目的:探讨急性等容稀释(ANH)联合回收式自体输血在前置胎盘手术中的应用效果。方法:选择ANH联合术中回收式自体输血68例前置胎盘手术患者为观察组,对照组为随机抽取无自体输血的前置胎盘手术患者54例。记录手术前后RBC、Hb、HCT、WBC、PLT、PT、APTT等指标变化情况,同时观察术中出血量、自体血采集及回输过程中不良反应情况等。对2组术后康复情况进行随访。结果:(1)2组失血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组术前预存血量(565±198)ml、术中回收血量(612±137)ml,库血输注例数和库血用量明显少于对照组(P0.05);(2)2组术后24hRBC、Hb、HCT、WBC、PLT、PT、APTT等血液指标与本组术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),但术后24h2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)观察组患者自体血采集及回输过程中均未发生严重不良反应;(4)观察组术后肠道排气时间、切口拆线时间及住院时间均明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ANH联合回收式自体输血应用于前置胎盘手术,具有较好的血液保护效果和临床推广价值。     

Rh(D)阴性孕妇妊娠晚期预存式自体输血的应用效果观察

目的:观察Rh(D)阴性孕妇妊娠晚期预存式自体输血的应用效果。方法:对37例Rh(D)阴性孕妇在围产期前1~3周进行自体血采集1~2次,每次采血200ml,置4℃贮血冰箱内保存备用。对孕妇采血前后及血液回输前后进行红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)、血小板计数(PLT),并观察自体血采集及回输过程中孕妇不良反应和新生儿Apgar评分。结果:37例妊娠晚期Rh(D)阴性孕妇自体血液采集前后3d的RBC、Hb、Hct、PLT结果,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),其中13例自体血液回输的孕妇血液回输前后3d的RBC、Hb、Hct、PLT等指标比较差异无统计学差异(P0.05);自体血采集及回输过程中孕妇无严重不良反应,均未输注异体血,新生儿Apgar评分为9~10分。结论:预存式自体输血操作简单、安全、能缓解稀有血型血源紧缺等,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

自体输血在泌尿外科择期手术中的应用观察

目的:探讨自体输血在泌尿外科择期手术中的应用效果。方法:对本院2010年以来35例泌尿外科择期手术患者进行自体输血的应用情况进行回顾性分析。分析患者采集血液前、后及输入自体血后的血常规变化情况,探讨自体输血的临床应用效果。结果:贮存式自体输血患者采血后比采血前,手术后比手术前的HCT、Hb、PLT有下降,但均维持在较高的水平(Hb 110g/L、HCT 30%、PLT 150×109/L);稀释式自体输血,血液稀释前后,HCT、Hb、PLT虽有降低,但自体血回输后基本恢复至正常范围。因此不会造成组织缺氧和凝血功能障碍。结论:自体输血应用于泌尿外科择期手术中安全、有效、可行。     

自体血液回收机应用于急诊大出血手术的临床观察

目的:探讨血液回收机应用于急诊大出血手术的安全性和有效性。方法:选择采用血液回收机进行自体血液回输的56例急诊大出血患者为观察组,同期单纯输注异体血的相同或类似急诊患者61例为对照组。对观察组术前、自体血回输前后及术后24 h收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)等生命体征指标和血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)及血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)等血液指标进行检测,同时对2组术中失血量、异体血输注量、输血反应及输血费用进行比较。结果:①观察组自体血液回输后与回输前比较SBP、MAP及HR明显升高(P0.05),血压维持正常,SpO_2无明显变化;观察组自体血回输后及术后与术前比较24 h Hb、HCT、PLT升高明显(P0.05),PT及APTT无明显变化。②2组术中失血量差异无统计学意义,异体血输注量明显少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组输血反应发生率和输血费用显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血液回收机应用于急诊大出血手术操作简单,快速有效回输自体血,减少输血反应和输血费用,具有重要的血液保护和临床应用价值。     

异位妊娠术中洗涤式自体输血的应用研究

目的:探讨异位妊娠术中洗涤式自体输血的应用价值。方法:以2011-03-2015-06采用自体血液回收机进行自体血回输的33例异位妊娠急诊手术患者为自体输血组,以同期行异体血输注的同类患者45例为异体输血组。记录2组患者术中出血量、回收血量、异体血输注量、不良反应及输血费用等;观察自体输血组围术期心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)等生命体征指标的变化情况;以及白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及血氧饱和度(SpO2)等指标变化情况;对2组患者进行术后随访和预后比较。结果:1自体输血组在异体血输注量、输血反应发生率和输血费用显著低于异体输血组(P0.05);2自体输血组回输后及术后24hSBP、MAP及CVP明显升高(P0.05),HR明显下降(P0.05),WBC、Hb、HCT、PLT、SpO2明显升高(P0.05);3自体输血组伤口拆线时间(5.0±1.9)d,住院时间(5.7±2.1)d,明显少于异体输血组的拆线时间(6.6±2.2)d和住院时间(7.4±3.1)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用血液回收机对异位妊娠急诊手术患者进行自体血回输,不但可快速回收回输自体血,还可显著减少输血反应和输血费用,缩短住院时间,具有重要的血液保护和临床应用价值。     

急性等容稀释性自体输血在剖宫产手术中的应用分析

目的:探讨急性等容稀释性自体输血在剖宫产手术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:以行急性等容稀释性自体输血的56例剖宫产手术患者为研究对象(ANH组),对照组为随机抽取同期住院行剖宫产术的孕妇51例。记录手术前后红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、血小板计数(PLT)等血液指标变化情况,同时观察术中出血量、自体血采集及回输过程中不良反应、新生儿产后情况等。结果:1术后2d对照组RBC、Hb及HCT明显下降,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而ANH组RBC、Hb及HCT稍有下降,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组术后比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。2ANH组患者自体血采集及回输过程中均无不适,未发生严重不良反应,术中未输注异体血。新生儿Apgar评分9~10分,随访新生儿产后情况良好。结论:急性等容稀释性自体输血应用于剖宫产手术操作简单,不良反应少,能减少异体血输注,是一种安全有效的输血方式。     

急性等容血液稀释对异位妊娠患者围手术期血常规及凝血指标的影响

目的:探讨急性等容血液稀释(ANH)对异位妊娠患者围手术期血常规及凝血指标的影响。方法:选择2015-01-2016-08妇产科异位妊娠患者81例,以采用ANH式自体输血的35例患者为ANH组,其余46例患者为对照组。分别于手术前、血液稀释后、自体血回输前和自体血回输后抽取静脉血测定ANH组血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)、血小板数(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D-二聚体(D-D),并与对照组进行比较。结果:(1)ANH组异体血输注量少于对照组(P0.05);(2)ANH组血液稀释后及自体血回输前Hb、Hct、PLT下降(P0.05),回输自体血后显著回升。(3)ANH组血液稀释后及自体血回输前Fib下降(P0.05),回输自体血后回升。ANH组自体血回输后APTT及D-D均低于对照组术后水平(P0.05)。结论:术前ANH能减少异位妊娠患者术中红细胞的丢失,减少异体血输注,不会造成凝血功能障碍。     

IOCS在凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产手术中的应用评价

目的:探讨术中回收式自体输血(IOCS)在凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产手术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:选择凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产患者36例,采用血液回收机及白细胞滤器对术中出血进行回收。观察自体血回输前、回输后、术毕、术后24h各时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)等血流动力学指标;比较术前、术后72h白细胞(WBC)、血细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(PLT)、K+等指标;记录自体血回输时、回输后的不良反应发生情况。结果:(1)患者血流动力学稳定,不同时间点MAP、HR、SpO2比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)与术前比较,术后72hHb、Hct、WBC、PLT、K+检测值无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);(3)回收自体血436~670ml,平均(562±209)ml,Hct均50%。回输后患者未出现溶血、感染、羊水栓塞等不良反应。新生儿脐动脉血pH值在正常范围,5min Apgar评分9~10分;(4)术中共有3例输注异体红细胞,术后均未输入异体血。结论:IOCS是血液保护的重要组成部分,可安全运用于凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产手术中,并能有效提高抢救成功率。     

自体血液回输在骨外科手术中的应用

对20例骨外科手术患者术中行自体血液回输。测定患者术前、术后即刻、术后第1天及术后第5天静脉血血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞压积(HCT)、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(F IB)、凝血酶时间(TT)。结果平均收集自体血为1800m l,每例平均回输浓缩红细胞(930±232)m l,术后血液检测及凝血功能指标均在正常范围。认为术中自体血液回输能明显减少异体血用量,对患者凝血功能无明显影响,可安全用于骨科手术。     

妊娠晚期前置胎盘67例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠晚期前置胎盘发生的高危因素、诊断及有效分娩方式.方法 回顾性分析我院2007-08～2011-08产科收治的67例妊娠晚期前置胎盘患者的临床资料.结果 第一次妊娠者发生前置胎盘的比例较高;前置胎盘患者发生早产、产后出血、宫腔填纱的概率较高;前置胎盘误诊率及漏诊率较高.结论 对年轻孕妇病史采集需认真详细;终止妊娠前尽量明确胎盘位置,提高产前诊断率;低置性前置胎盘患者应尽量行阴道试产以降低剖宫产率及产后出血率.     

贮存式自体输血在Rh（D）阴性孕妇分娩中的应用

目的：了解贮存式自体输血在Rh（D）阴性孕妇分娩中的实际应用情况。方法：产前1～3周采集并贮存孕妇自身血液,分娩时或分娩后回输给产妇。结果：产前45例贮存自体血的Rh（D）阴性孕妇中,有10例在分娩中或分娩后回输了自体血（未输异体血）,未见不良输血反应发生,母婴状况良好,Apgar评分多为10分。另外有7例产妇除了回输自体血外,又输注了一定量的异体血。比较采血前后、回输前后、回输与未回输组以及回输自体血与回输自异体血四组血液指标变化情况,均显示差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：贮存式自体输血在Rh（D）阴性孕妇分娩中是行之有效的输血方式,既解决了血源紧张的问题,尤其是对稀有血型患者,减少异体血的输注,又提高了输血的安全性和合理性,对母婴不会造成危险,值得推广。     

Effect of blood transfusion during cesarean section on postpartum hemorrhage in a tertiary hospital over a 4-year period

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and death worldwide. The history of cesarean section and the occurrence of placenta previa were significantly associated with the increase in blood transfusion. Therefore, to prevent PPH, it is important to understand the effect of blood transfusion during cesarean section on postpartum hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to determine the cause of blood transfusion during cesarean section, especially large amounts of blood transfusion, and to take measures to reduce the blood demand caused by PPH with limited blood supply.This study was a retrospective study of patients who underwent blood transfusion during cesarean section in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (China) from January 2013 to December 2016. Red blood cell infusion ≥10 U during cesarean section was defined as massive blood transfusion. The study collected the demographics of pregnant women, obstetric characteristics and reasons for blood transfusions, as well as blood components and blood transfusion results. Multivariate regression analysis was performed for evaluating the risk factors of PPN.From 2013 to 2016, a total of 587 patients received blood transfusions during cesarean section. The proportion of women receiving blood transfusion during cesarean section increased (from 3.21% to 7.40%, P < .001). The history of cesarean section (P = .005) and the occurrence of placenta previa were positively correlated with the increase in blood transfusion (P = .016). There were 72 cases of massive blood transfusion, accounting for 12.27% of blood transfusion patients. Among mass blood transfusions, 93.1% of cases had prior cesarean delivery, and placenta previa accounted for 95.8%. 19.4% of patients receiving massive blood transfusions underwent hysterectomy. There was no significant difference in maternal BMI and gestational age between the mass blood transfusion group and the non-mass blood transfusion group.From 2013 to 2016, the demand for blood transfusion, especially the demand for massive blood transfusion, increased. Repeated cesarean section and placental previa combined with uterine scar are positively correlated with increased blood transfusion. Reducing the initial cesarean section should help reduce the massive blood transfusion caused by placenta previa with a history of cesarean section.     

The Impact of Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation on Orthopaedic Surgical Practice

We have conducted a retrospective 3-year analysis of our autologous blood donation program to assess its impact on orthopaedic surgery. We conclude: (1) utilization has increased from less than 5% of eligible patients in the first audit interval to nearly 50% in the last audit interval; (2) in the last audit interval, autologous blood donation resulted in a reduction of homologous blood transfusion from 41% in nonautologous blood patients to 14% in autologous blood donors; (3) increasingly conservative transfusion practice is seen for all patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery; (4) regional blood centers are responding to increasing requests for autologous blood with programs that are effective in attracting autologous blood donors; (5) on the basis of utilization and efficacy, preoperative autologous blood donation as an alternative to homologous blood transfusion now represents a standard of practice for elective orthopaedic surgery.     

Autologous blood donation for surgery in inflammatory bowel disease--a report of six cases

BACKGROUND: Surgery in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently associated with need for perioperative blood transfusions carrying the potential risk of infection. Autologous blood donation is often limited by IBD-associated anemia which is reversible by intravenous iron and erythropoietin. We therefore tested the feasibility of autologous blood donation in IBD. METHODS: Six patients (five Crohn's disease, one ulcerative colitis) with indication for elective bowel resection were treated after informed consent was obtained. Two to four blood donations were scheduled during four weeks prior to surgery. Once a week 350-450 ml of blood were collected from patients with a hemoglobin level above 11.0 g/dl. After each donation 200 mg of iron saccharate diluted in 0.9% saline were given to all patients intravenously as substitute for donation-related iron loss. Patients with preexisting anemia or C-reactive protein above 2.0 mg/dl received concomitant erythropoietin. RESULTS: The scheduled number of packed red cells was donated successfully by four patients. Due to low hemoglobin levels two patients donated one unit less than intended. Four patients received autologous blood transfusions intra- or postoperatively. No patient needed homologous blood. No serious adverse events were observed during blood donations, perioperatively, and during the one year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Preoperative autologous blood donation is save and feasible in IBD patients with elective bowel resection.     

人促红素减少老年全膝关节置换术后输血的临床对照研究

目的探讨控制老年患者人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）手术出血量、减少术后同种输血需要量,降低患者输血率的方法。方法选取60例拟行TKA的老年病人,随机分成3组：试验组20例,术后不引流,采用围手术期静注重组人促红素;对照组20例,术后不予引流;常规手术组20例,术后常规留置引流管。比较3组术前、术后1 d、7 d、2周时血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比积（Hct）,以及术后并发症和膝关节功能康复情况。实际失血量等于通过手术前后Hct变化计算的理论值加上额外的输血量和自体回输血量。通过观察输血量、用差值来比较术前和术后各观察时间点的Hb动态变化,来评估患者术后同种输血需要量是否减少。结果术后3组切口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访时间12~22月。常规引流组较试验组和对照组术后出血量明显增加;试验组术后Hb减少最少;3组术后膝关节功能无明显差异。结论术后不引流加静注重组人促红素是控制TKA手术出血量、减少术后同种输血需要量的有效方法之一。     

Iron supplementation studies among pregnant women

The effect of iron supplementation alone or in combination with ascorbic acid as a preventive and or corrective measure against anemia were tested using pregnant women seeking pre-natal consultation at various health centers in Greater Manila Area. One tablet containing 65 mg iron alone or in combination with ascorbic acid per day during a supplementation period which varied from 16.5 to 17.8 weeks maintained initial hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in non-anemic women. Three tablets of the same iron preparation (total of 195 mg iron) daily resulted in significant increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit in anemic women. Ascorbic acid had no apparent beneficial effect. Considering the positive response to iron treatment, it is recommended that a nationwide program of iron supplementation of pregnant Filipinos be undertaken.     

回收式自体输血在腹部大出血术中的临床应用

目的：探讨回收式自体输血的安全性和效果。方法：将回收式自体输血技术应用于腹部大出血手术的临床实践中,观察回收血液后患者的重要功能指标变化情况,包括外周血红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血小板数、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原和肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、肾功能指标尿素氮、尿酸、肌酐及不良反应。结果：血液各项指标和肝肾功能正常,主要成分指标差异无统计学意义,不良反应少。结论：回收式自体输血操作简单方便,经血液回收机处理后的自体血安全可靠,有一定的临床推广价值。     

Advantages and limits of programmed autologous transfusion in cardiovascular surgery. Apropos of 524 patients]

Between October 1987 and July 1989, 544 patients, candidates for cardiovascular surgery, were included in a trial of programmed autologous autotransfusion. Five hundred and twenty four patients underwent one or several (maximum 4) blood donation sessions in the 3 weeks before surgery with no complications. Overall, 57% of patients benefited from homologous blood transfusion, thereby avoiding all risk of contamination. It was in the group of patients able to undergo 3 or 4 preoperative blood donations that we observed the smallest number of homologous transfusions (30%). Programmed autologous transfusion would seem to be a very useful technique for cardiac surgery, allowing a reduction in health care costs without additional patient risk. In order to improve on this method, it may be useful to associate a peroperative technique of blood recuperation in patients in whom the transfusion needs are likely to exceed the possibilities of preoperative blood donation alone.     

Erythropoietin administration for preoperative autologous blood donation from patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery

Our objectives was to evaluate erythropoietin (EPO) administration for preoperative autologous blood donation from anemic patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery. EPO was administered to 170 patients intravenously (i.v.) and subcutaneously (s.c.). To compare the difference between i.v. and s.c. administration the hemoglobin recovery rates per 10 000 IU of EPO (uHRR) administered i.v. and s.c. were calculated. The i.v. and s.c. uHRR increased by 7.0 and 3.3%, respectively, in patients with admission Hb levels below 9.9 g/dl. The acquisition of scheduled blood was feasible for 54.7% and homologous blood transfusion was not needed for 88.7% of severely anemic patients. Eight patients required homologous blood transfusions and seven showed no response to EPO. We conclude that autologous blood transfusion with EPO treatment for anemic patients is safe and useful.