Prise en charge des douleurs neuropathiques des lésions traumatiques du plexus brachial chez l’adulte. À propos de 60 cas

An observational study including 60 patients with brachial plexus injury was carried out in order to evaluate the rate of chronic pain, to assess the incidence of neuropathies using the questionnaire DN4 and to record the management of pain in these patients. Chronic pain of neuropathic type according to the questionnaire DN4 was found in 95% of the patients. Although 75% of these cases were treated, only 37% of the patients were satisfied. All of these 37% who were relieved of intense pain (EVA < 4) or hyperalgic crisis had an appropriate treatment in the early stages. The proportion of cases considered refractory to an appropriate treatment was lower than 2%. An effort to inform the patients and the carers must be made to improve the management of these injuries. The fact that this pathology is rare must lead to a specialized opinion in order to improve pain management.     

Prise en charge préhospitalière de l’arrêt cardiaque de l’enfant et du nourrisson : enquête nationale de pratique

Introduction

After the publication of new recommendations for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2005 guidelines and 2006 French recommendations), we conducted a study amongst EMS teams concerning their approach with children and infants, nationwide. The objective was to measure the level of knowledge of guidelines and practice.

Methods

The online questionnaire was offered to emergency physicians belonging to the French emergency database, between November 1st and December 15th 2007. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. We recorded: profile of personnel, knowledge of guidelines, basic CPR and advanced CPR parameters.

Results

Four hundred and thirty-nine questionnaires were analyzed. Personnel was aged under 40 in 50.2 %, with 2–5 years experience in prehospital emergency care (57.6 %); 51,3 % declared having had training in pediatric CPR. A minority of subjects declared knowing the 2005 Guidelines (35 %), more the French 2006 recommendations (62.5 %). Basic CPR: transition age child/adult known in 30.3 %. Compression/ventilation ratio: 30/2 for one rescuer in 50.2 % (child), 46.5 % (infant); 15/2 for two or more rescuers in 57.6 % (child), 48 % (infant). AED age for use (1 year old) known in 59.8 %. Advanced CPR: epinephrine dose known in 89.3 % (intravenous) and 34.3 % (tracheal). External shock known in 57.2 %.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the lack of knowledge, especially with regard to first aid. Formations will be developed.     

Prise en charge de l’hypertension intracrânienne bénigne : analyse de la série nancéenne

Introduction

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is a rare condition, especially in childhood. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively pediatric cases that were diagnosed and managed in the same institution during the 2002-2006 period.

Patients and methods

Eight children (four girls and four boys) with a diagnosis of BIH were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.5 years. Follow-up lasted a mean two years. The clinical features were those of intracranial hypertension. One child had previously had optic nerve sheath fenestration and another one occipitocervical decompression because of an associated Chiari I malformation.

Results

One child had a bilateral transverse sinus stenosis on angio-MRI. Seven children had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure monitoring. Seven children were treated with acetazolamide. Three children are free of symptoms with the association of acetazolamide and depletive lumbar puncture (LP). For three others, a lumboperitoneal shunt had to be inserted. One child is in complete remission after depletive LP only. The clinical symptoms of BIH disappeared for all eight children, including normalization of the visual loss present in three children.

Conclusion

BIH is a condition that threatens visual prognosis. Diagnosis is assessed by clinical, radiological, and raised CSF pressure criteria. First-line treatment is medical (acetazolamide at first intention) and surgery is recommended for refractory cases. The relationship between BIH and obesity is less clear than for adulthood. Depletion of CSF by LP is an important therapeutic factor.     

Radiothérapie des glioblastomes de l’adulte

Radiation therapy is a treatment of malignant gliomas in adults. It improves survival rates, whether used alone, in addition to surgery, or in combination with chemotherapy. Three-dimensional imaging techniques, image fusion, and conformational radiotherapy are optimizing treatment plans for the treatment of these tumors and are sparing healthy tissue. After a review of the physical and biological bases of ionizing radiation, we present the techniques, results, side effects, and results of irradiation of glioblastomas.