Présentation clinique,biologique et ergométrique de six cas d’overtraining syndrome

Introduction

This work aimed at describing clinical and laboratory characteristics of the overtraining syndrome in its chronic form (staleness).

Summary of facts

We present six cases of chronic overtraining syndrome that have undergone an in-depth survey. Response to the standardized questionnaire for overtraining of the SFMS appears remarkably monomorphic. Patients often exhibit low IGFBP-3 and lower maximal heart rate at exercise, as well as low value of the constant γ2 of postexercice lactate decrease and a lowered ability to oxidize fat during exercise.

Conclusion

Clinical and biological presentation of the overtraining syndrome is highly variable, but the SFMS questionnaire is actually the most relevant approach. Decreases in IGFBP-3 and maximal heart rate are found in agreement with previous literature. A lowered γ2 constant and a “glucodependance” at exercise calorimetry may represent new interesting markers.     

Cinétique de la consommation d’oxygène chez le cycliste amateur

Aims

Study was to analyze the relationship between oxygen uptake and power output in amateur cyclists before and after threshold corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l.

Methods

We evaluated 109 subjects and they were divided according to age, cycling speciality, level and period. Each subject performed an incremental exercise test (50 W per 3 min) until exhaustion on an electromagnetically braked cycloergometer. Gas exchange data were continuously analyzed and recorded using an automated breath by breath system. Mean values of oxygen uptake were taken during the last minute of each stage in order to build and calculate the regression equations.

Results

The total sample presents an oxygen–kinetic deflection after lactate threshold, with the slope before threshold significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the slope after threshold. This indicates an absence of linearity. Considering the level, the slope and intercept before threshold of the national group presented significantly lower values than regional cyclists. For speciality, the slope before threshold is significantly lower in mountain bike group compared to road. Slope's analyse before and after lactate threshold could present complementary criteria for a good discrimination in comparison with classic concepts used during an incremental exhaustive test.     

Déclaration de consensus sur l’entraînement de l’enfant au sport d’élite

Protecting the health of the athlete is the primary goal of the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission. One of its main objectives is the promotion of safe practices in the training of the elite child athlete. The elite child athlete is one who has superior athletic talent, undergoes specialised training, receives expert coaching and is exposed to early competition. Sport provides a positive environment that may enhance the physical growth and psychological development of children. This unique athlete population has distinct social, emotional and physical needs, which vary depending on the athlete's particular stage of maturation. The elite child athlete requires appropriate training, coaching and competition that ensure a safe and healthy athletic career and promote future well-being. This document reviews the scientific basis of sports training in the child, the special challenges and unique features of training elite children and provides recommendations to parents, coaches, health care providers, sports governing bodies and significant other parties.     

Effets psychologiques d’une administration de courte durée de prednisolone

Introduction

The aim of the study is to assess the psychological effects of a short-term therapeutical prednisolone intake.

Synthesis

We studied, according to a double-blind, randomized cross-over protocol, the effects of a seven day prednisolone intake (60 mg/day) in 10 healthy male subjects on global health and mood state. No significant change was found between the treatments (prednisolone/placebo) in the 15 variables investigated. However, tendencies appeared revealing an increase of self-esteem, personal accomplishment and athletic identification, as well as a decrease in negative affect for the subjects under treatment.

Conclusion

These results could reveal a psychological impact of glucocorticoid intake and should be confirmed by a further study with athletes submitted to a more intense physical activity.     

Correction de l’hypoxémie d’exercice chez le BPCO : variabilité des réponses, enjeux et problèmes posés dans le cadre de la réhabilitation respiratoire

Aim

To define in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) moderately hypoxemic in resting conditions, if controlled acute oxygen supplementation was always able to increase exercise tolerance when partial oxygen saturation SpO₂ was corrected.

Results

In hyperoxia, endurance time (T_LIM) was significantly and consistently increased in 14 COPD (+68%) and decreased in seven others (–36%). These two subgroups exhibited no difference in resting values or in their disease severity. COPD with a decreased T_LIM under hyperoxic conditions had an abnormal response to O₂: unchanged cardiac output and ventilation, increased breathing frequency.

Conclusion

This work shows that acute O₂ supplementation responses in COPD are not univocal, either on exercise tolerance or cardio-respiratory variables typically affected by hyperoxia.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

Condition physique et niveau d’activité physique d’adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle

Introduction

The aim of this study is to analyze the physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Summary of facts

These adolescents had a low level of physical fitness according to Eurofit test battery compared with standard results. Moreover, 41.18% of participants presented an excess of body fat mass and only 12% reach enough physical activity to avoid an excess of body fat.

Conclusion

This low physical fitness coupled with low levels of physical activity increases the health risks and might worsen restriction of social participation.