直肠间质瘤18例临床分析

目的总结直肠间质瘤（RST）的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1994年1月至2005年12月间诊治的18例直肠间质瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组患者8例临床表现为便血，3例肛门疼痛，3例肛门肿物脱出，1例大便变细。经免疫组织化学检测，CD117阳性16例，CD34阳性14例，Actin阳性4例，S-100阳性2例，神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）阳性4例。18例均行手术治疗，其中12例行肿瘤完整切除术；3例行肿瘤不完整切除术；3例行探查术。术后14例（77．8％）患者获得随访，中位随访时间46个月，其中9例完整切除者中5例生存超过5年；2例不全切除者中1例带瘤生存33个月；3例未能行切除肿瘤者均在1年内死亡。结论CD117、CD34是诊断RST最有价值的诊断指标．手术是RST最有效的治疗方式。     

直肠间质瘤16例临床病理分析

目的 探讨直肠间质瘤的免疫组化特征和临床诊治经验。方法 对20例直肠间叶组织肿瘤进行CD117等免疫组化染色,对其中16例直肠间质瘤的免疫表型、临床资料及随访结果进行分析。结果 确诊直肠间质瘤16例,直肠平滑肌肉瘤3例,直肠神经鞘瘤1例。间质瘤组中良性2例、交界性1例、恶性13例,CD117和CD34的表达率分别为100％(16／16)和88％(14／16);直肠间质瘤患者,平均发病年龄为60岁,首发症状主要为排尿排便困难(38％)和腹痛(31％),14例(88％)肛诊阳性;术后1、3、5年生存率分别为89％、64％、48％,术后平均生存时间为47个月。结论 直肠间质瘤是最常见的直肠间叶源性肿瘤,生物学行为常表现为恶性,易局部浸润和术后复发,早期诊断、根治性切除和及时发现复发是改善预后的关键。     

直肠间质瘤的临床特点及诊治进展

直肠间质瘤是最常见的直肠间叶来源肿瘤,约占直肠间叶来源肿瘤的80%,在胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中发病率列于胃、小肠之后居第三位[1]。考虑到目前直肠间质瘤的研究较少、直肠解剖的特殊性和直肠手术的复杂性,本文就直肠间质瘤的临床     

恶性直肠间质瘤11例临床诊治分析

为探讨恶性直肠间质瘤的临床诊治特点,回顾分析我院2005年1月至2010年6月经手术治疗的11例恶性直肠间质瘤患者的病历资料。结果显示,恶性直肠间质瘤病变部位多位于直肠下段,且病灶常常较大。本组1例经肛门行局部切除术,5例行Miles术,4例行Parks术,1例行姑息性乙状结肠腹壁造口术。免疫组化检查CD117阳性11例（100％）,CD34阳性9例（81．8％）。结果表明,恶性直肠间质瘤的最后诊断需依靠病理检查,CD117和CD34是其最有价值的确诊指标;其治疗仍应以外科手术为主,对位于低位直肠且病灶较大的恶性直肠间质瘤,宜行腹会阴部联合切口将肿瘤完整切除。     

直肠间质瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨直肠间质瘤的临床诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析北京大学临床肿瘤学院1998年10月至2006年2月收治的8例直肠间质瘤的临床表现、病理及治疗。结果直肠问质瘤的临床表现与肿瘤大小相关，主要包括便次增多、排尿困难、血便及肛门疼痛等。病变部位均位于低位直肠且病灶常常较大。8例均经病理确诊为直肠间质瘤，免疫组化CD117（＋）7例，CD34（＋）8例。2例行格列卫（伊马替尼）术前辅助治疗，结果症状明显缓解，肿物较前缩小。7例行手术完整切除（5例行Miles术，2例行经肛门肿瘤局部切除术）。结论直肠间质瘤引起症状时常已较大，确诊需病理形态学及免疫组化证实。对于低位直肠且病灶较大的直肠间质瘤病人，宜行腹会阴部切口将肿瘤完整切除，格列卫术前辅助治疗可能会提高肿物完整切除率。     

结直肠间质瘤14例临床分析

目的探讨结直肠间质瘤的临床诊断、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院1993年3月至2002年3月收治的14例结直肠间质瘤的临床、病理资料及随访结果。结果临床表现为消化道出血(7/14)、腹部不适(4/14)、腹部肿块(2/14),无症状1例。病变部位为结肠6例,直肠8例。14例均行手术治疗,诊断为良性2例,交界性1例,恶性11例。免疫组化CD117( )92%(13/14),CD34( )78%(11/14)。随访率71%,病人平均生存时间为56个月。结论低位直肠恶性间质瘤病人,宜经骶尾部或会阴部切口行直肠局部切除术。     

直肠间质瘤的外科治疗

近年来，由于胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumors，GIST）概念的提出和普及，人们对这类间叶组织来源的肿瘤的认识发生了较大的变化。尽管GIST大多发生在胃和小肠，但直肠的间质瘤也日益受到人们的重视。直肠间质瘤的诊断、外科治疗以及辅助治疗等方面都有新的发展。正确认识直肠间质瘤的诊断和治疗方面的新概念有助于提高直肠间质瘤的诊治水平。     

误诊为前列腺肿瘤的直肠部位胃肠间质瘤三例报告

直肠部位胃肠间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumors，GISTs）临床罕见，易误诊为前列腺肿瘤，2003年9月至2004年2月我们收治3例，术前均误诊为前列腺肉瘤，现报告如下。     

直肠胃肠间质瘤综合诊疗模式

直肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）生物学行为和解剖部位特殊,其诊治应受到重视。通过超声内镜和MRI联合应用可以提高直肠GIST的诊断准确性,并且有助于评估手术切除范围。伊马替尼靶向治疗的出现改善了直肠GIST的治疗效果,提高了肿瘤完整切除率。对于直径＜5 cm的直肠GIST采用局部切除联合伊马替尼治疗可以达到较好的治疗效果。目前,国内外尚缺少直肠GIST的诊疗规范,未来还需要更多的前瞻性多中心研究进一步探讨并得出结论。     

直肠间质瘤的诊断和治疗

胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)是一组独立起源于胃肠道间质干细胞的肿瘤,由未分化或多能的梭形或上皮样细胞组成,属于消化道间叶性肿瘤.直肠间质瘤大部分位于直肠中下段,影像学检查呈现外生性生长,占GIST的5％.因其起病隐匿,缺乏典型的临床表现,易被漏诊或误诊,常需联合CD117和CD34免疫组织化学染色检测和病理检查才能确诊.手术切除是局部原发性直肠间质瘤的首选治疗,术中需注意保持肿瘤包膜的完整性,不行常规淋巴结清扫.分子靶向药物甲磺酸伊马替尼常作为术前和术后的辅助治疗药物.然而,由于直肠间质瘤临床少见,目前尚无统一的治疗规范,其治疗策略的选择仍需进一步研究验证.     

胃肠道间质瘤的临床分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的临床诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析95例胃肠道恶性间质瘤病人的临床资料。结果发生于胃、小肠、结直肠、肠系膜、大网膜的病例分别为65、25、2、2、1例；肿瘤直径1～10cm；其中恶性者47例，良性者48例；行根治性切除62例，行切除术31例，2例广泛转移者行肝结节活检。17例术后发生伤口感染，免疫组化指标：CD117、CD34、CK、EMA、S-100及Desmin阳性率分别为89．5％、86．3％、5．3％、0、9．5％及8．4％。随访80例，2例胃间质瘤广泛转移者分别于术后4月、6月死亡，17例术后5～25月死于其他疾病，余者均无瘤生存，5年生存率43．7％。结论提高对胃肠道间质瘤的认识，强化术中病理学检查及免疫组化检查，确定良恶性及恶性程度，采取合理规范的手术方式，对预后及防止复发有一定意义。     

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Rectum: Results of Surgical and Multimodality Therapy in the Era of Imatinib

Background

The rectum is a rare site of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and factors determining long-term outcome remain unclear. In a population study, we assessed the outcome of rectal GIST patients treated at two referral centers.

Methods

A total of 39 patients diagnosed with rectal GIST between January 2002 and December 2010 were identified in prospective databases. Tumor and patient characteristics, treatment details, and outcome were evaluated. Median follow-up was 41 (3–110) months.

Results

A male predominance was noticed (M/F = 29/10). Median age was 53 years (range, 32–80 years). The cohort included, of 39 patients, 12 low-risk, 26 high-risk, and 1 with M1 disease. Of 38 patients with nonmetastatic disease, 36 underwent surgery as transabdominal (15 of 36) or local (21 of 36) resection. There were 21 patients who received preoperative and/or postoperative imatinib treatment. Patients with preoperative imatinib (16 of 36) had a significantly higher rate of R0 resections (p = .02). Five patients developed local recurrences. All of them had undergone local tumor excision with positive margins and without perioperative imatinib. Also, five patients suffered from distant metastases. All belonged to the high-risk group and underwent tumor surgery (3 R0, 2 R1) without receiving perioperative imatinib. A total of three patients died of disease. Perioperative imatinib was associated with improved local disease-free, disease-free, and overall survival (p < .01, p < .01, and p = .03, respectively). Local disease-free survival was significantly improved by negative resection margins (p < .01).

Conclusions

Complete resection is recommended to achieve local disease control. Preoperative imatinib was associated with improved surgical margins. Perioperative imatinib was associated with improved local disease-free, disease-free, and overall survival.     

Surgical Margin Status and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Background  Surgery is the best treatment for primary GIST and may be curative, but resection extension/completeness impact on the prognosis remains controversial. The authors aim was to evaluate the clinicopathological (CP) parameters and surgical margins status influence on GIST patients’ outcome. Materials and methods  The study evaluated 113 consecutive patients with sporadic GIST; the influence of CP parameters on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was determined by univariate analysis (UA) and multivariate analysis (MA). Results  Of 104 cases, macroscopically complete resection was achieved in 96: R0 surgical margin status in 78 and R1 in 18. Recurrence rates (12.5%) were significantly lower in R0 (9.0%) than in R1 (27.8%). Tumor >10 cm, mitotic count >5/50 high power field (HPF), and high-risk GIST predicted poor RFS and DSS (UA). Disease-specific survival was significantly shorter after macroscopic incomplete (R2) resection, for mixed cellular morphology, and in tumors with necrosis (UA). High-risk GIST (p = 0.016) and R2 resection (p = 0.013) predicted poor DSS of patients (MA). Conclusions  High risk and positive macroscopic surgical margin status are parameters associated with poor disease-specific survival in GIST patients.     

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Rectum: An Analysis of Seven Cases

Purpose Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) rarely originate in the rectum. We investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics of rectal GISTs. Methods We analyzed the medical records of seven patients who underwent surgery for GIST of the rectum between 1998 and 2003. Results There were two men and five women with a median age of 55 years (range, 41–72 years) at the time of diagnosis. The median follow-up period was 23 months (range, 7–75 months). The chief symptoms were hematochezia, constipation, and anal pain. All patients underwent curative resection; in the form of abdominoperineal resection in five patients, transanal excision in one, and Hartmann's operation with prostatectomy in one. The median tumor size was 6.6 cm (range, 1–12 cm). Four patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. Local recurrence developed in two patients; 54 months and 23 months after surgery, respectively. Conclusion The common symptoms of rectal GIST were the same as those of other rectal tumors. Curative surgical resection should be done, but further studies are necessary to investigate better adjuvant treatment strategies for patients with rectal GISTs     

胃肠道间质瘤

为分析胃肠道间质瘤（ＧＳＴ）的临床特点，对我院近８年来收治的３９例ＧＳＴ患者进行了回顾性分析。结果显示：本组病例平均发病年龄为４６岁，男２１例，女１８例。发生部位分布为：胃１５例（３８．５％），小肠１７例（４３．６％），十二指肠４例（１０．３％），结肠３例（７．７％）。３９例均经外科手术治疗，病理组织学显示良性３１例（７９．５％），不确定型５例（１２．８％），恶性３例（７．７％）。最常见的临床症状为胃肠出血，其中１０％的患者需紧急手术治疗。随访时间平均３年，随访期间６例患者死亡，３例死于与肿块无关的心脑疾患，７例复发，其中５例远处转移。７例局部复发或远处转移患者经再次或多次手术，配合化疗，４例存活或带瘤存活０．５～８年。结果表明：对此类肿瘤，手术宜扩大切除，术后密切随访。对复发或远处转移的病人，不要轻易放弃治疗，应持积极态度，经多次姑息切除，并辅以化疗，可望延长病人生存期。     

胃肠道间质瘤的治疗--外科医生的观点

1983年Mazur和Clark首先提出胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor，GIST)这一概念。并将其定为胃肠道软组织肿瘤的一种特殊亚型。国外报道。GIST发病率约(1—2)／10万人。占全部胃肠道肿瘤的0．1％-3％；发病中位年龄在55—65岁之间，40岁以前发病很少。儿童更为罕见；男性较多或男女比相当。最常发生于胃(60％-70％)。     

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Rectum Resected by Laparoscopic Surgery: Report of a Case

A 53-year-old man visited our hospital with the chief complaint of pain on urination. On digital rectal examination, a rigid immobile tumor mass with a smooth surface was palpated on the anterior wall on the right side of the rectum near the anal canal. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis revealed a heterogeneous tumor mass measuring 6.5 cm in diameter, which occupied the cavity of the lesser pelvis. This rectal tumor was diagnosed to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) based on the results of a transrectal needle biopsy. A laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection of the rectum was performed to remove the mass. The intraoperative findings showed an ambiguous boundary between the tumor and the rectum but clear boundaries between the tumor and the peripheral organs, and the use of a laparoscope allowed for a good separation by providing a good visual field. The bleeding volume was approximately 80 ml and the operative time was 320 min. The macroscopic findings of excised specimens of the mass showed the tumor, measuring 6.5 × 5.5 × 5.0 cm, to be growing extrinsically from the anterior wall on the right side of the rectum. A histological examination of the excised specimens revealed at most 5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (×400). The tumor mass was diagnosed to be a GIST of low-grade malignancy based on these findings. The postoperative course was favorable, and there were no postoperative complications. The patient was discharged on the 8th hospital day. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for rectal GIST, which is excellent in terms of esthetics. Laparoscopic surgery is therefore considered to be useful for a resection of the rectum, because the magnifying effect allows surgical maneuvers with a favorable visual field within the pelvis.     

胃肠道间质瘤92例

目的:探讨胃肠道间质瘤的特点及诊疗方法.方法:对92例患者分别行胃镜下肿瘤局部切除、胃大部分切除、胃楔形切除、腹腔镜下胃楔形切除、胰十二指肠切除、肠段切除、腹会阴联合切除及肿块局部切除等手术,其中4例术后服用甲磺酸伊马替尼巩固治疗.结果:术中及围手术期无死亡, 住院时间2～32 d,平均11.6 d.5例于术后21～73个月死亡,平均52.4个月.结论:缺乏特征性临床表现,目前治疗仍以手术切除为主,术中应行肿瘤局部切除或消化道部分切除.     

胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗(附30例报道)

目的探讨胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗。方法对30例胃间质瘤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者表现为上腹部隐痛不适16例,消化道出血7例,无任何症状者7例。术前仅5例(16.7%)获得病理确诊。30例均接受手术治疗。行开腹手术24例,其中行胃部分切除19例,胃大部切除4例,全胃切除加区域淋巴结清扫1例。行腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术6例。2例高危胃间质瘤患者术后接受了伊马替尼(格列卫)辅助治疗。结果本组30例均获完整切除,切缘均阴性,假包膜完整。无手术死亡。术后并发切口感染和胃排空障碍(胃轻瘫)各1例。围手术期并发症的发生率为6.7%(2/30)。行腹腔镜微创手术的6例术后无一例发生并发症。平均随访33(4~108)个月,无肿瘤局部复发或远处转移。结论胃间质瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,术前确诊率较低。外科手术仍是可切除胃间质瘤最有效的治疗方法。腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术是胃间质瘤可供选择的理想的治疗方法 。