后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术30例临床分析

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的方法及治疗效果。方法：对30例行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术患者进行回顾性分析。结果：30例小肾癌患者在后腹腔镜下行肾部分切除术。腹腔镜手术时间120～180min,平均150min;阻断肾动脉时间25～55min,平均35min,术中失血量50～200mL,平均100mL;术后留置引流管时间3～7d,平均4d;术后引流液80～400mL,平均150mL;术后住院时间4～8d,平均6d。术后随访5～24个月,所有肿瘤均无局部或切口、远处复发,患者恢复良好。结论：腹腔镜下保留肾单位的肾部分切除术一种有效和微创的治疗方法,恢复快,短期随访结果令人满意,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的疗效分析(附24例报告)

目的 比较后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术及开放性手术治疗肾脏肿瘤的疗效.方法 对2006年1月-2010年1月的24例肾脏肿瘤患者行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,并与同期17例开放性肾部分切除术病例的手术效果、手术并发症、手术时间、术中失血量以及住院天数等进行比较分析,所有患者随访18～36个月,比较患肾功能恢复情况及肿瘤复发情况....     

后腹腔镜肾脏切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床价值。方法：回顾研究后腹腔镜肾脏切除手术治疗各类肾脏疾病25例,其中肾结石致无功能肾10例,肾癌8例,肾萎缩6例,肾盂癌1例。结果：25例手术均获得成功,平均手术时间96min,平均出血110ml,术后12～24h进食,术后住院5～8d,未出现严重手术并发症。25例随访1个月～2年,均健在,肿瘤病例未见复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、安全可靠、不污染腹腔等优点,但应选择合适的病例进行治疗。     

经腹入路腹腔镜与后腹腔镜肾癌根治术的对比研究

目的前瞻性对比研究经腹入路腹腔镜与后腹腔镜两个内窥镜技术治疗肾肿瘤的手术效果和疗效的差别。方法62例肾癌患者接受了根治性肾切除术,其中31例行后腹腔镜肾癌根治术,另外31例行经腹入路腹腔镜肾癌根治术。平均随访2年,对手术参数和肿瘤治疗效果进行比较。结果后腹腔镜组与经腹入路组患者的手术时间分别为(112.4±28.6)min和(135.8±36.5)min;术中的估计失血量分别为(152.2±36.5)ml和(160.4±39.7)ml;胃肠道恢复时间分别为(19.8±6.9)h和(32.4±8.7)h(P<0.05);住院时间分别为(6.9±0.8)d和(11.2±1.4)d(P<0.05)。后腹腔镜组中病理分期p T1bN0M0的1例患者在随访2年后发生远处转移,其余患者均无复发或癌转移。结论后腹腔镜与经腹入路腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌的疗效相仿。但后腹腔镜组患者的住院时间、手术时间以及胃肠道恢复时间明显短于经腹入路组(P<0.05),后腹腔镜肾癌根治术或可成为治疗早期肾癌更微创的术式。     

肾动脉球囊导管低温灌注在腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的应用

目的 评价腹腔镜肾部分切除术前行肾动脉球囊导管置入术进行低温灌注的可行性和安全性.方法 选取解放军总医院2013年3月至2016年12月35例拟行腹腔镜肾脏肿瘤部分切除术患者,肿瘤位于左肾22例,右肾13例,肿瘤长径2.3～7.0 cm,平均(4.1±1.2) cm.切除术前行肾动脉球囊导管置入术,术中经球囊导管灌注4℃低温液体,记录切除术中肾脏冷缺血时间,手术时间,术中出血量,比较术前,术后第1、3、7天肌酐清除率(Ccr)和肾小球滤过率估值(eGFR),统计术中及术后并发症.结果 35例患者肾动脉球囊导管均置入成功,技术成功率100％.1例患者行切除术前球囊导管滑脱,2例术中发现阻断不全另使用动脉钳阻断,另32例成功行单纯肾动脉球囊导管低温灌注下腹腔镜肾部分切除术,术中及术后均未出现严重并发症.患肾冷缺血时间平均45(20～125) min;介入手术时间平均28(20～40) min;外科手术时间平均147(95～235) min;术中出血量平均180(50～1 000) ml;术前,术后第1、3、7天Ccr分别为(96.5±15.1)、(75.2±10.5)、(54.3±13.8)、(91.8±14.1) ml/min,eGFR分别为(99.5±15.3)、(70.3±12.5)、(65.5±11.7)、(96.8±12.3) ml·min-1·1.73 m-2.经统计分析,术前、术后第7天Ccr和eGFR值分另别同术后第1、3天值相比较,两组均存在统计学差异(P＜0.01),术前同术后第7天比较,两组均无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜肾部分切除术前行肾动脉球囊导管低温灌注安全、可行,有利于延长肾缺血时间、保护肾功能.     

腹腔镜下经后腹膜切除结核性无功能肾的应用价值

 目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术切除结核性无功能肾的应用价值。方法 收集西藏军区总医院37例后腹腔镜切除结核性无功能肾的临床资料。统计手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症、病人随访情况等指标,综合评价该手术方法的有效性及安全性。结果 37例均成功实现腹膜后腹腔镜下切除,手术时间120~200 min,平均(150±23)min;术中出血80~300 ml,平均(l50±36)ml。所有切口均一期愈合,术后住院时间5~7 d,平均(6±1)d。随访6～24个月,平均(12±3)个月,无远期并发症。结论 腹腔镜下经后腹膜切除结核性无功能肾安全、有效、可靠。     

细针一步穿刺法在经皮肾镜治疗鹿角型肾结石中的应用

目的：探讨细针一步穿刺法在经皮肾镜治疗鹿角型肾结石中的使用安全性及疗效。方法75例鹿角型肾结石行经皮细针一步法穿刺肾镜取石治疗,75例鹿角型肾结石行二步法经皮穿刺肾镜取石治疗,比较分析2组疗效和并发症发生率。结果150例患者全部置管成功,一步法手术时间18~45 min,平均36 min,术中平均出血约5 ml。术后3例大出血需输血治疗,结石残留6例。二步法手术时间16~42 min,平均34 min,术中平均出血约7 ml,术后大出血需输血治疗患者7例,1例为肾动脉假性动脉瘤行肾动脉栓塞后出血停止,结石残留7例;一步法未出现肾周器官损伤,二步法出现气胸1例,结肠脾损伤各1例。结论细针一步穿刺法在经皮肾镜治疗鹿角型肾结石中较传统二步穿刺法安全、有效。     

后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全切除术(附36例报告)

目的 比较上尿路移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜肾输尿管全切除术与开放手术的临床疗效.方法 36例上尿路移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全切除术(A组),并与同期29例开放手术病例(B组)进行对比.对两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、肠功能恢复时间、止痛剂使用量和住院时间等进行统计分析,并对患者进行4～36个月随访,比较两组的生存率、膀胱肿瘤复发情况等.结果 所有手术均成功完成,无死亡病例,A组无中转开放手术病例.A组手术时间(156±28min)略长于B组(138±19 min,P<0.05),而术中出血量(120±30ml)、术后止痛药物用量(38.6±15.1mg)均少于B组(分别为180±29ml、50.9±19.7mg,P<0.05).两组术后肠道功能恢复时间(36.7±8.2、37.2±7.2h)、术后住院天数(8.7±1.3、9.2±1.8d)无显著性差异(P>0.05).随访4～36个月,两组术后膀胱癌发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全切除术具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少、切除标本完全、恢复快、符合肿瘤根治外科学原则等优点,是治疗上尿路移行细胞癌较理想的手术方法.     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿21例分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法和临床效果。方法 21例患者均行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术。结果 21例患者手术均成功,平均手术时间（93.52±38.50）min,术中出血量平均（56.74±37.02）ml,术后平均（2.12±0.43）d下床活动,术后平均住院（7.12±1.03）d,未见明显的外科并发症。患者出院时尿液均清亮,尿乳糜试验全部阴性。随访2～24个月无复发。结论后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿疗效可靠,具有微创、出血少、住院时间短、恢复快等特点,淋巴管结扎更加完全。     

腹腔镜对肾切除术中的临床应用价值

目的:观察探讨腹腔镜下肾切除术的临床疗效,总结其临床价值.方法:选取我院2010-06～2011-07期间收治的肾部疾病患者198例,其中需做肾部手术切除的患者有52例,随机分为观察组(行腹腔镜下肾切除术)和对照组(行开放式肾切除)各26例,观察比较两组手术效果,进行统计学分析.结果:观察组出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后恢复时间均优于对照组,两组治疗效果比较差异显著(P＜0.05),具有统计学意义.结论:采用腹腔镜下行肾切除术的临床治疗效果优于开放式肾切除术的治疗效果,其出血量低、术后肠功能恢复时间短、术后下床活动时间快、术后恢复时间快,并发症低,值得临床推广使用.     

Targeted Endovascular Temporary Vessel Occlusion with a Reverse Thermosensitive Polymer for Near-Bloodless Partial Nephrectomy: Comparison to Standard Surgical Clamping Techniques

Purpose

To determine whether reversible blood flow interruption to a randomly chosen target region of the kidney may be achieved with the injection of a reverse thermoplastic polymer through an angiographic catheter, thereby facilitating partial nephrectomy without compromising blood flow to the remaining kidney or adding risks beyond those encountered by the use of hilar clamping.

Methods

Fifteen pigs underwent partial nephrectomy after blood flow interruption by vascular cross-clamping or injection of polymer (Lumagel?) into a segmental artery. Five animals were euthanized after surgery (three open and two laparoscopic resection, cross-clamping n?=?2), and 10 (open resection, cross-clamping n?=?4) were euthanized after 6?weeks’ survival. Blood specimens were obtained periodically, and angiogram and necropsy were performed at 6?weeks.

Results

Selective renal ischemia was achieved in all cases. Surgical resection time averaged 9 and 24.5?min in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Estimated blood loss was negligible with the exception of one case where an accessory renal artery was originally overlooked. Reversal of the polymer to a liquid state was consistent angiographically and visually in all cases. Time to complete flow return averaged 7.4 and 2?min for polymer and clamping, respectively. Angiography at 6?weeks revealed no evidence of vascular injury. Laboratory data and necropsies revealed no differences between animals undergoing vascular clamping or polymer injection.

Conclusion

Lumagel was as effective as vascular clamping in producing a near bloodless operative field for partial nephrectomy while maintaining flow to the uninvolved portion of the affected kidney.     

Pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery following partial nephrectomy: imaging findings and coil embolization

AIM: To present the imaging findings of five patients with renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) after partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Five patients (four men and one woman) with RAP as a complication of partial nephrectomy were studied. The diagnosis of RAP was established using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in three patients and renal angiography in two patients. In two cases, the diagnosis was evident on ultrasound with colour Doppler. RESULTS: The indication for partial nephrectomy (open approach in four patients and laparoscopic in one patient) was a space-occupying lesion, which proved to be a renal cell carcinoma. All patients presented with macroscopic haematuria, 1-21 days (mean 12.2 days) after surgery. In three of patients the definitive diagnostic imaging method was contrast-enhanced CT. The arterial phase of CT showed a well-circumscribed dense collection of contrast material located within the renal parenchyma. In two other patients the initial and conclusive diagnostic imaging method was renal angiography. All patients underwent selective renal angiography with therapeutic coil embolization. The procedure failed in one patient, which necessitated nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery should be considered in patients presenting with macrohaematuria after nephron-sparing surgery. The diagnosis can be established using contrast-enhanced CT, ultrasound with colour Doppler, or angiography. Renal angiography with selective embolization is a safe and efficacious technique for managing the condition.     

后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科的应用

目的：探讨后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科疾病的适应证及手术方法。方法：采用后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科疾病23例。肾上腺疾病7例，其中原发性醛固酮增多症5例(腺瘤3例、结节样增生2例)；皮质醇增多症2例(均为增生)；肾囊肿12例；输尿管结石2例；肾周积液2例。结果：23例手术均获得成功。手术时间40～330min，平均150min。术中出血量50～200ml，平均100ml，均未输血。患者术后1～2d排气后恢复进食并可下床活动。术后住院3～10d，平均7d。结论：与开放手术相比，后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、康复快等优点，可望成为泌尿外科疾病的首选手术方法。     

手辅助腹腔镜活体供肾肾脏移植

施行手辅助腹腔镜供肾切取术（HLDN）1例。手术时间为118min，热缺血时间为3.3min，冷缺血时间为92min。供肾动脉长度为2.0cm，开口宽度为0.5cm；静脉长度为2.2cm，开口宽度为1.2cm。输尿管长度为12cm。供受者术后恢复良好，分别于7天、21天出院。HLDN与经典LDN比较，增加了术者左手触诊与辅助操作的能力，有利于产生三维立体感，从而降低了手术难度，缩短了手术时间，提高了手术的成功率与安全性。     

后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科中的应用

目的总结后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科中的应用经验,探讨其在泌尿外科中的临床应用价值。方法对2007年以来我科行后腹腔镜手术的49例患者进行回顾性分析。结果47例患者顺利手术,2例中转开腹手术。肾囊肿去顶减压术平均手术时间64min,平均出血量34ml;肾脏切除术平均手术时间92min,平均出血量115ml;单侧肾上腺切除术平均手术时间138min,平均出血量168ml。1例出现腹膜损伤,但未影响手术。结论后腹腔镜具有创伤小,并发症少,患者恢复快等优点,在泌尿外科应用中有巨大临床应用价值。     

Two cases of pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery following laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: CT angiographic evaluation

Partial nephrectomy via a laparoscopic approach can be technically challenging, and associated vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysm may occur. CT with CT angiography is ideal for the noninvasive imaging of this process. This article reports two cases of pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery detected on CT as a complication of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and demonstrates the usefulness of 3-D CT angiography in the evaluation of vascular pathology.     

后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科中的应用

目的总结后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科中的应用经验，探讨其在泌尿外科中的临床应用价值。方法对2007年以来我科行后腹腔镜手术的49例患者进行回顾性分析。结果47例患者顺利手术，2例中转开腹手术。肾囊肿去顶减压术平均手术时间64rain，平均出血量34ml；肾脏切除术平均手术时间92min，平均出血量115ml；单侧肾上腺切除术平均手术时间138rain，平均出血量168ml。1例出现腹膜损伤，但未影响手术。结论后腹腔镜具有创伤小，并发症少，患者恢复快等优点，在泌尿外科应用中有巨大临床应用价值。     

Comprehensive MR imaging in the preoperative evaluation of living donor candidates for laparoscopic nephrectomy: initial experience

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the preoperative evaluation of potential living renal donors who are candidates for laparoscopic nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight donor candidates who underwent subsequent laparoscopic nephrectomy were examined by using a torso phased-array coil at 1.5 T. Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiograms, MR venograms, and MR urograms were obtained in all patients by using an interpolated three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence (3.4-6.8/1.2-2.3 [repetition time msec/echo time msec], 25 degrees -40 degrees flip angle). Interpretation of the MR images was used to assess the arterial, venous, and ureteral anatomy, as well as parenchymal masses and scarring, and findings were compared with the surgical findings in all patients. Statistical evaluation was performed, with the surgical findings as the reference standard. RESULTS: At MR imaging, 31 of 32 renal arteries and one of three early-branching arteries were identified correctly. The correct venous anatomy was identified in 23 of 28 patients, including a single left renal vein anterior to the aorta (n = 16), retroaortic left renal vein (n = 2), circumaortic left renal vein (n = 2), and single right renal vein (n = 3). A single collecting system in all harvested kidneys was identified correctly with MR urography. Overall, MR imaging correctly depicted vascular, ureteral, and parenchymal anatomy in 21 of 28 patients. Twenty-seven of 28 patients underwent successful laparoscopic donor nephrectomy on the basis of the MR findings. One procedure was converted to open nephrectomy on the basis of complex venous anatomy not prospectively identified on the MR images. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of MR imaging in correctly determining the combined vascular, ureteral, and parenchymal anatomy in the harvested kidney were 75% (21 of 28) and 95% (21 of 22), respectively. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging can depict the vascular anatomy, collecting system, and renal parenchyma preoperatively in patients who are candidates for laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy.