正常人与牙周炎患者牙龈组织肥大细胞的组织化学与超微结构的研究

正常人牙龈组织１０例及牙周炎患者牙龈组织３９例，对其中的肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察。结果表明：牙周炎患者牙组织中的肥大细胞比正常者明显增多（Ｐ〈０．０００５），而且与炎症程度密切相关。用Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红染色以后，正常人牙龈肥大细胞有的为蓝色，有的为红色，而牙周炎患者主要为蓝色，仅少数为红蓝混合色。牙周炎组肥大细胞的临界电解质浓度值也较低。电镜观察。牙周炎患者肥大细胞有显著脱颗粒现象，其附近还可     

小鼠下颌下腺中肥大细胞异质性研究

取小鼠下颌下腺，用甲苯胺蓝染色Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红染色及免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法显示大细胞的异质性。结果表明：肥大细胞主要分布于间的小血管，小叶间导管及神经节周围。此外否定还发现有些肥大细胞沿腺实质表面排列，有些肥大细胞突起与相邻的神经元或肥大细胞接触。     

不同年龄人牙龈肥大细胞的组织化学和电镜研究

取４０例临床下沉的人牙龈组织，按年龄不同分为２－１６岁，１７－６０岁，６１－６５岁三组，对每组肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察，结果发现：随着年龄增长，肥大细胞数量表现为由少到多，又由多到少的变化：Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红组化染色后，三组均以蓝染的肥大细胞为主 ，呈红蓝混合色的肥细胞亦随年龄增长出现由少到多，又由多到少的变化；临界电解质浓度的测定结果显示，三组均较高，但随年龄增长仍有增高趋势；电镜下多数肥大     

天花粉对小鼠子宫肥大细胞影响的组织化学研究

目的 研究子宫肥大细胞在给天花粉后的组织化学特性,方法：甲苯胺蓝色染色,Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红染色,临界电解质浓度测定和硫酸小蘖碱芝光染色,结果：用天花粉２０小时,２１小时,２２小时,２４小时后,子宫肥大细胞数量均明显增多,增多的肥大细胞ＴＢ染色为浅紫色,ＡＢ－Ｓ染色呈蓝色,硫酸小蘖碱荧光染色不显荧光,临床电解质浓度偏低。结论;增多的肥大细胞首先表现为幼稚的结缔组织型肥大细胞,随天花粉作用时间延长,     

中国食叶猴胃底粘膜的组织学结构及与其他灵长类的比较研究

对黑叶猴、菲氏叶猴、滇金丝猴、黔金丝猴、白眉长臂猿、红面猴、猕猴和懒猴胃底内表面结构和粘膜中酸性粘多糖分泌细胞的数量及分布的比较研究表明：几种疣猴胃底内表面均具有绒毛样的胃底乳突，这可能与长期适应叶类食物有密切关系，并可能是疣猴类或疣猴胃底结构的共同特征，在疣猴科的几个种中，胃底表面都覆盖有厚厚一层酸性粘多糖，且所有上皮细胞的核上区都含有Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝染色物质，其他各种中也有被Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝染色的     

非小细胞肺癌中凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的转录表达研究

目的 探讨Ｂｃｌ－２这度转录表达在人非小细胞肺癌发生、发展中的作用。方法 采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交技术和非放射性地高辛标记检测系统,检测了１３７份不同部位、不同性质的人肺组织中的Ｂｃｌ－２基因的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果 肺组织中Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达有从良性病变组织、远离癌灶的肺组织、癌旁组织到癌灶组织逐渐增高的趋势;其中,肺癌癌灶组织中Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达较肺良性病变组织和远离癌灶的肺组     

儿童急性单纯性阑尾炎的组织学及免疫组织化…

用苏木精、伊红、Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝、甲苯胺蓝、５－ＨＴ和生长抑素免疫组织化学染色，观察阑尾炎组和对照组阑尾标本各７例。结果：阑尾炎组上皮内淋巴细胞、固有层和粘膜下层淋巴小结最大直径和数目、肥大细胞及５－ＨＴ样免疫反应细胞增多，而生长抑素样免疫反应细胞减少，淋巴小结最大直径和数目与对照组相比差异有高度显著性。５－ＨＴ和生长抑素样免疫反应细胞的数目与对照组相比差异有显著性。以上提示儿童急性单纯性阑尾炎时期     

贲门癌间质中肥大细胞的形态及组化性质的变化

目的：观察癌间质中肥大细胞、淋巴细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞等的形态和组织化学变化及其相互关系。方法：运用组织化学及电镜技术观察人贲门癌手术标本４０例,癌旁组织３８例,正常组织４０例。结果：癌旁区肥大细胞显著多于癌区与正常区,癌区肥大细胞脱颗粒现象严重;癌区有淋巴结形成者绝大多数为恶性程度低者,其肥大细胞数量亦显著高于无淋巴小结形成者。ＡＢＳ染色癌区及癌我以蓝染肥大细胞为多,而正常区以红蓝混合色肥大细胞多数     

广西地区肝癌中c—myc和N—ras癌基因的原位表达？…

目的：分析了广西地区地癌中ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达与乙型肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染的关系及其在肝癌发生中的作用。方法：应用原位ｃＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ杂交方法和免疫组化方法检测３１例广西地区肝癌和相应癌旁组织中ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ、Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｘＡｇ。结果：肝癌及癌旁均有较高的ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达。检出率都在８５％以上，其在不同发化程度肝癌中的表达差异无显著性意义     

人肝癌和癌旁组织c－myc基因扩增、转录和表达的研究

应用１４例配对的肝切除标本，系统性地探讨了肝癌和癌旁组织ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增、ｍＲＮＡ转录和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因产物表达水平的变化，肝癌和癌旁组织未见ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增。原位杂交检测可见１１例癌组织，１０例癌旁组织ｍＲＮＡ转录水平增加，Ｐ６２ｍｙｃ免疫组化显示，染色阳性率分别为癌组织８５．７％，癌旁组织９２．９％。结果表明，人肝癌和癌旁组织存在着转录和基因产物水平高频率的超表达。统计学分析表明两者之间有高度的一致性，结论是ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因超表达与基因扩增无关，不伴有扩增的超表达是肝癌在分子水平呈现的一个重要征象。     

肺癌间质中肥大细胞与淋巴细胞浸润的光镜及电镜研究

对80例肺癌间质中的肥大细胞与淋巴细胞进行了光镜与电镜观察。结果发现:仅鳞癌间质中肥大细胞数量比正常肺组织增多。在各型肺癌中,有淋巴细胞高度浸润并形成淋巴小结者,肥大细胞均增多,并可见肥大细胞脱颗粒及淋巴细胞结合癌细胞现象。提示:肥大细胞与淋巴细胞在抗肿瘤生长的防御机制中有协同作用。     

大鼠胸腺实质中的肥大细胞—异染性,嗜银性,粘多糖和酶组织化学的研究

从异染，嗜银性，粘多糖和酶组织化学方面探讨了大鼠胸腺实质中的肥大细胞的异质性。结果表明；肥大细胞分布于皮，髓交界区或散在于皮质和髓质中。甲苯胺蓝染色和多糖组织化示；至少存在两种类型的肥大细胞，结缔组织在细胞和粘膜大细胞。在酶组织化学方面其也存在着异质性，尤其发现肥大细胞内含有ＡｃｈＥ阳性反应颗粒存在。此外，还发现肥大伴随ＡｃｈＥ阳性神经纤维分布，两者紧密接触，互相联接。     

用图像分析仪观察正常食管及食管癌粘膜肥大细胞形态变化

肥大细胞可以抑制恶性肿瘤的发生发展,这方面的研究近年来已越来越引起人们的重视,本实验利用图像分析仪观察了正常食管及食管癌粘膜组织中单位面积内肥大细胞数量变化及平均细胞面积变化。结果表明癌旁组织中肥大细胞数量及平均面积均明显高于正常组织。在讨论中对肥大细胞抗肿瘤的机制作了初步探讨。     

FcγR-dependent apoptosis regulates tissue persistence of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells

Rodent mast cells can be divided into two major subtypes: the mucosal mast cell (MMC) and the connective tissue mast cell (CTMC). A decade-old observation revealed a longer lifespan for CTMC compared with MMC. The precise mechanisms underlying such differential tissue persistence of mast cell subsets have not been described. In this study, we have discovered that mast cells expressing only one receptor, either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA, underwent caspase-independent apoptosis in response to IgG immune complex treatment. Lower frequencies of CTMC in mice that lacked either FcγRIIB or FcγRIIIA compared with WT mice were recorded, especially in aged mice. We proposed that this paradigm of FcγR-mediated mast cell apoptosis could account for the more robust persistence of CTMC, which express both FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA, than MMC, which express only FcγRIIB. Importantly, we reproduced these results using a mast cell engraftment model, which ruled out possible confounding effects of mast cell recruitment or FcγR expression by other cells on mast cell number regulation. In conclusion, our work has uncovered an FcγR-dependent mast cell number regulation paradigm that might provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-observed differential mast cell subset persistence in tissues.     

Mast Cell Interaction with Tumor Cells in Small Early Gastric Cancer: Ultrastructural Observations

The authors studied the mast cells by light and electron microscopy in four small intramucosal early gastric cancers (EGC). Mast cells were found in the tumor stroma and among neoplastic cells of adenocarcinoma glands. Stromal and ad-enocarcinoma-infiltrating mast cells were ultrastructurally identified as T mast cells, and exhibited anaphylactic or piecemeal degranulation. Tumor cells in intimate contact with mast cells showed no cytopathic changes. These data do not support a mast cell-mediated cancer lysis, such as that reported in some systems in vitro. The interepithelial localization of T mast cell in adenocarcinoma glands is similar to that observed in some disease states, including interstitial cystitis, fibrotic lung disorders, and mucosal allergic reaction. The findings suggest that T mast cells may be involved in the pathophysiology of the host reaction to small intramucosal EGC.     

Expression of the c-kit gene product in normal and neoplastic mast cells but not in neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from chronic myelogenous leukaemia

The expression of the c-kit gene product has been examined in normal mast cells, mast cell neoplasms, and basophil/mast cell precursors obtained from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections or smears fixed with formalin vapour were studied by immunohistochemical methods, using a polyclonal antibody against the c-kit gene product. Normal and neoplastic mast cells showed a positive immunoreaction for c-kit gene product, but neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from CML patients lacked c-kit gene product by immunohistochemical and flow cytometric methods, even in cells having mast cell granules, together with or without basophil granules. Mast cell tryptase was, however, expressed in normal and neoplastic mast cells and basophil/mast cell precursors containing mast cell granules. In addition, cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage lacked c-kit gene product. These findings indicate that the c-kit gene product may play an important role in the development and function of mast cell but not of cell of basophil and monocyte/macrophage lineage.     

一种定量检测肥大细胞脱颗粒的新方法

为寻求过敏性休克的法医学客观证据 ,建立豚鼠异种血清过敏性休克模型 ,采用流式细胞仪在整体动物水平和体外模拟脱颗粒实验中对AnnexinV标记阳性的腹腔肥大细胞 (PMC )进行计数。结果发现 ,过敏性休克时 ,腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒率较正常对照组明显增高 ;体外模拟脱颗粒实验中 ,致敏的血清与PMC共孵育 ,可以剂量依赖性方式使AnnexinV阳性率升高 ,并且与组胺释放是平行的。实验提示 ,AnnexinV可以定量标记肥大细胞体内、体外脱颗粒程度 ,因而本方法可以为法医学诊断过敏性休克提供客观证据 ,也为用肥大细胞体外筛选变应原提供了一种新的客观、定量的检测方法。     

Mast cells and angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma

Previous studies have shown that increased vascularity is associated with haematogenous metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. The role of mast cells in gastric cancer angiogenesis has not been clarified completely. In this study, we correlated microvascular density and tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive mast cells with histopathological type in gastric cancer. Specimens of primary gastric adenocarcinomas obtained from 30 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy were investigated immunohistochemically by using anti‐CD31 antibody to stain endothelial cells and anti‐tryptase and anti‐chymase antibodies to stain mast cells. The results showed that stage IV gastric carcinoma has a higher degree of vascularization than other stages and that both tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive mast cells increase in parallel with malignancy grade even if the density of chymase‐positive mast cells was significantly lower than the density of tryptase‐positive mast cells and is highly correlated with the extent of angiogenesis. This study has demonstrated that mast cell density correlates with angiogenesis and progression of patients with gastric carcinoma. Understanding the mechanisms of gastric cancer angiogenesis provides a basis for a rational approach to the development of an antiangiogenic therapy in patients with this malignancy.     

特异性类胰蛋白酶抑制剂双苯甲脒对肥大细胞分泌的调控作用

目的：研究新型的特异性类胰蛋白酶抑制剂双苯甲脒，对肥大细胞稳定性的影响。方法：扁桃体组织经酶消化后，将细胞成分用全HEPES缓冲盐溶液（HBSS）重新悬浮。肥大细胞激发和抑制剂作用的试验在试管中37℃条件下完成，类胰蛋白酶水平用ELISA法测定。结果：同时加入扁桃体细胞悬液中的双苯甲脒，可以剂量依赖的方式抑制抗IgE诱导的类胰蛋白酶释放，仅1mg/L(1.54μmol/L）的双杠甲脒，即可抑制肥大细胞释放类胰蛋白酶达52%，10mg/L则能抑制76%的释放，将预培养时间延长30min，对双苯甲脒的抑制作用无明显影响，在培养到45min时，双苯甲脒可抑制高达47%的基础类胰蛋白酶释放，与细胞培养15min后，抗IgE抗体（1g/L)或钙离子导入剂（CI，1μmol/L）引起的类胰蛋白酶释放的量，分别为基础分泌量的3.2和2.6倍，但是，当细胞与全HBSS预培养超过10min后，肥大细胞对抗IgE抗体或CI的反应性明显降低。结论：双苯甲脒能够抑制人类扁桃体肥大细胞的IgE依赖性类胰蛋白酶释放。因素，有望开发成为一种新型的肥大细胞稳定剂。     

The role of galanin in the differentiation of mucosal mast cells in mice

Mast cells are generally classified into two phenotypically distinct populations: mucosal-type mast cells (MMCs) and connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs). However, the molecular basis determining the different characteristics of the mast cell subclasses still remains unclear. Unfortunately, the number of mast cells that can be obtained from tissues is limited, which makes it difficult to study the function of each mast cell subclass. Here, we report the generation and characterization of MMCs and CTMCs derived from mouse BM mast cells (BMMCs). We found that the expression of galanin receptor 3 was elevated in MMCs when compared to the expression in CTMCs. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of a galanin antagonist reduced MMCs and inhibited the inflammation of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Therefore, these results suggest that galanin promotes MMC differentiation in vivo, and provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of mast cell subclasses.